Important note: Information in this article was accurate in 1991. The state of the art may have changed since the publication date.
RELEVANT ASPECTS OF HIV-RELATED VIRUSES TO VACCINE DEVELOPMENT
AIDS Vaccine Research and Clinical Trials. Putney SD and Bolognesi DP, eds. New York, Marcel Dekker, p. 351-9, 1990.. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/91676954 Kanki PJ; Eichberg JW; Essex M; Harvard AIDS Inst., Harvard Univ., Boston, MA
Abstract:
Monkeys and apes have sometimes been the only animal species other than man infected with important human viruses such as polio, hepatitis B virus, measles, yellow fever, and Marburg virus. HIV-related viruses in primates are discussed in relation to their role in vaccine development. Topics include discovery of simian T-lymphotrophic virus (STLV) and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), virology of SIV, host immunity to SIV, and disease pathogenesis in SIV. The first simian virus related to known human retroviruses was STLV, the simian counterpart of human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV); STLV shares many properties with HTLV including virus structure, antigens, genomic organization, and in vitro immortalization capabilities. SIV (STLV-3) is approx 50% related to HIV-1 based on nucleotide sequence. The organization of the various structural and regulatory genes of SIV is virtually identical to that of HIV-1. SIV has been reported in African green monkeys, African sooty mangabeys, and captive macaques. SIV is similar to HIV-2 and possesses a number of accessory genes with variable homology to HIV-1 genes including tat, rev, nef, vif, and vpr. Functional evidence of tat activity has been shown for SIV, similar to and cross-reactive with HIV-1 tat. Studies of the major envelope protein of HIV-1 have delineated a number of important functional domains that are highly conserved in SIV. The identification of protective host immune factors in HIV infection is central to the development of an effective vaccine. SIV infection in Asian macaques is linked to immunodeficiency, but SIV infection in African green monkeys appears to be innocuous. SIV does not appear to be immunosuppressive in other African primates (eg, sooty mangabey, talopoin, or mandrill). SIV inoculation of baboons resulted in successful infection, but no evidence of immunosuppressive disease. There are many similarities in the natural history of SIV-induced immunodeficiency and human AIDS. Acutely pathogenic strains of SIV may be useful for certain types of studies, but the normal long latency of SIV infection is one of the most striking parallels to the HIV system. There is no doubt that the HIV system will play an important role in the continued research on SIVs. (25 Refs)
Keywords: Animal Antigenic Variation/IMMUNOLOGY Human HIV/*IMMUNOLOGY HIV Antigens/IMMUNOLOGY HIV Infections/*IMMUNOLOGY/PREVENTION & CONTROL HIV-1/IMMUNOLOGY Primates Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/IMMUNOLOGY/PREVENTION & CONTROL SIV/IMMUNOLOGY Vaccines, Synthetic/ADMINISTRATION & DOSAGE/*IMMUNOLOGY Viral Vaccines/ADMINISTRATION & DOSAGE/*IMMUNOLOGY MONOGRAPH REVIEW 912130
M91C4088
AEGiS presents published material, reprinted with permission and neither endorses nor opposes any material. All information contained on this website, including information relating to health conditions, products, and treatments, is for informational purposes only. It is often presented in summary or aggregate form. It is not meant to be a substitute for the advice provided by your own physician or other medical professionals. Always discuss treatment options with a doctor who specializes in treating HIV.
Important note: Information in this article was accurate in 1991. The state of the art may have changed since the publication date.
