USE OF SIMIAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS FOR AIDS VACCINE RESEARCH NLM AIDSLINE Important note: Information in this article was accurate in 1991. The state of the art may have changed since the publication date.

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USE OF SIMIAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS FOR AIDS VACCINE RESEARCH

AIDS Vaccine Research and Clinical Trials. Putney SD and Bolognesi DP, eds. New York, Marcel Dekker, p. 361-7, 1990.. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/91676955
Desrosiers RC; Li Y; Daniel MD; New England Regional Primate Res. Center, Southborough, MA

Abstract: The development of most viral vaccines for use in humans relied heavily on animal models for safety and efficacy testing. It seems likely that animal model testing will play an important role in the development of the best possible AIDS vaccines. The role of simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVs) in AIDS vaccine research, studies by the authors of whole SIV immunogen in macaques, and the strategies and critical variables in AIDS vaccine research are discussed. SIVs are nonhuman primate lentiviruses related to the human AIDS viruses HIV-1 and HIV-2; they are the closest known relatives to the HIVs. SIV has been isolated from macaques, African green monkeys, sooty mangabeys, and mandrills. The importance of SIV systems for AIDS research derives from three properties: (1) extensive genetic similarity, (2) ability to induce AIDS, and (3) availability of experimental animals (rhesus monkeys and cynomolgus monkeys). Macaques were inoculated with whole SIV (inactivated) and achieved SIV-neutralizing antibody titers of approx 1:160 (sensitive MT4 cell killing assay) on the day of challenge with live virus by im inoculation. Macaques received 1 ml of 10(-3) or 2 x 10(-4) dilution of the same strain of SIV that was used for vaccination. These amounts represent 1000 and 200 animal-infectious doses, respectively. Four of four unvaccinated animals became infected with challenge doses. Two of six previously vaccinated macaques have been protected so far. This represents the first apparent vaccine protection in any lentivirus system and suggests that vaccine protection against HIV is at least theoretically possible. Critical variables for AIDS vaccine research include adjuvants and delivery systems, routes and schedules of delivery, effect of dose of live challenge virus, cell-free vs cell-associated challenge virus, route for live virus challenge (im vs iv, etc.), and effect of strain diversity (ie, vaccinate with one strain and challenge with another). (20 Refs)
Keywords: Animal Human HIV/*IMMUNOLOGY HIV Antibodies/*BIOSYNTHESIS HIV Infections/*IMMUNOLOGY/PREVENTION & CONTROL Primates Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*IMMUNOLOGY/PREVENTION & CONTROL SIV/*IMMUNOLOGY Vaccines, Synthetic/*IMMUNOLOGY Viral Vaccines/ADMINISTRATION & DOSAGE/*IMMUNOLOGY MONOGRAPH REVIEWKWDanimalhumanhiv/KWDimmunologyhivantibodies/KWDbiosynthesishivinfections/KWDimmunology/prevention&controlprimatessimianacquiredimmunodeficiencysyndrome/KWDimmunology/prevention&controlsiv/KWDimmunologyvaccines,synthetic/KWDimmunologyviralvaccines/administration&dosage/KWDimmunologymonographreview
912130
M91C4087

Copyright © 1991 - National Library of Medicine. Reproduced under license with the National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD.

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