(Producer) This program provides a glimpse into the lives of families at the frontline of battle against AIDS. It shows us the typical day of a young mother caring for her second AIDS-infected child. There are a few glimmers of hope: a professional couple are raising an HIV-infected foster child, two social workers
Princeton, N.J. : Films for the Humanities, c1988 1 videocassette : sd., col. ; 1/2 in (Facts for life) Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AV/9100799A
(Producer) This program explains how venereal disease is transmitted and what kinds of sexual activity can transmit infection. Many STD s can be treated and cured medically; AIDS is the fatal exception. This program explains how the AIDS viruses lay their victim open to opportunistic infections and what these are;
(Producer) Exposure to blood and secretions is a frequent occurence in Labor and Delivery wards. This video-tape will illustrate the tools and techniques needed to minimize risks of infection to obstetric and neonatal staff. In the era of AIDS preventing the nosocomial acquisition of HIV, as well as other organisms
[Princeton, N.J.] : Films for the Humanities, c1989 1 videocassette : sd., col. ; 1/2 in Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AV/9100800A
(Producer) This program examines the search for a treatment for AIDS, interviewing leaders in AIDS research from San Francisco to Paris and seeking to determine what progress is being made in the laboratory and in field testing. The program explains the scientific complexities of the problem as well as the moral, so
[Princeton, N.J.] : Films for the Humanities, c1989 1 videocassette : sd., col. ; 1/2 in Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AV/9100806A
Hyman H
(Producer) This program examines the prevention of STD s especially AIDS. A mother of two, a group of college students and the director of the STD section of the Center for Disease Control are heard on the subjects of greater awareness of the dangers of unprotected sex and (all other considerations aside) the medica
[San Francisco, Calif.] : Association of Asian Pacific Community Health Organizations, c1989 1 videocassette (14 min., 30 sec.) : sd., col. ; 1/2 in Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AV/9100884A
Princeton, N.J. : Films for the Humanities, c1990 1 videocassette : sd., col. ; 1/2 in Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AV/9100798A
(Producer) This program shows the destructive path of AIDS as seen from the inside. Microphotography shows the AIDS virus at work, invading cells and by destroying the body s immunological defenses, preparing the way for lethal and now unstoppable disease.
(Producer) This is an intimate, sensitive portrait of the people who live at Bailey House, a 44-room residence for homeless people with AIDS. The focus is not only on the residents, but the staff which ministers to them, a staff which is totally committed. As Kathy, the housekeeper says, here, no one is afraid of th
Princeton, N.J. : Films for the Humanities, c1990 1 videocassette : sd., col. ; 1/2 in Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AV/9100881A
(Producer) The AIDS epidemic has clearly burst the bounds of the male homosexual community and is now affecting more and more women--intravenous drug users infected by contaminated needles, sexual partners of infected males, mothers of infected children, and women who are living with or caring for AIDS victims. This
[Seattle, WA : University of Washington, School of Medicine : For additional copies contact Health Sciences News and Information Services, C-301 Health Sciences Center, SC-60, University of Washington], 1987 66 p. : ill (UW medicine ; v. 13, no. 1) Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE CAT/9108641
[Germany] : Diakonisches Werk der Evangelischen Kirche v. Westfalen, [1987] 1 v. (various pagings) : ill (Information ; Nr. 3) Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE CAT/9108887
Fremont, CA (P.O. Box 392, Fremont 94537-0392) : Cutting Edge Co., c1989 iv, 29 p Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE CAT/9108245
Horn B; Newman CF; Broderick B
Topical listing of journal articles intended for health care professionals working with HIV populations. Entries give bibliographical information, abstract, keywords, and editor s comments. No index.
Delhi : Published for National Institute of Communicable Diseases by Align Publications, 1990 82 p. : ill (NICD-AIDS ; 05/90) Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE CAT/9108334
[Toronto, Ont.?] : Aids Committee of Toronto, 1990 1 v. (unpaged) Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE CAT/9108089
Dobko T
Listing of AIDS-associated words and definitions. Intended for persons with HIV and for those working with persons with HIV. Includes all AIDS terminology available, also including medical tests, treatment, experimental drugs, safer sex terms, and drug use terms. Explains both slang and clinical words. Entries are
Program Office [Atlanta, Ga.] : U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control, [1990] 1 v. (various pagings) : ill (Self-study course ; 3031-G) Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE CAT/9108808
Pacific Manila, Philippines : Printed and distributed by the Regional Office for the Western Pacific of the World Health Organization, [1990] 39 p Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE CAT/9109345
Research Program of the National Institutes of Health Washington, D.C. : National Academy Press, 1991 x, 142 p. : ill Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE CAT/9108922
Proc Annu Meet Am Soc Clin Oncol; 10:A3 1991. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/91671336
Sawka C; Shepherd F; Toronto-Bayview Regional Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada
Conventional chemotherapy programs are poorly tolerated and only moderately effective in AIDS-lymphoma (NHL). This protocol attempts to improve patient (pt) tolerance, reduce opportunistic infections (OI) and decrease the development of CNS NHL. The 12 wk program is as follows: Adriamycin 25 mg/m2 iv wk 1, 5, 9; VP-16
Proc Annu Meet Am Soc Clin Oncol; 10:A5 1991. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/91671337
Feigal EG; Looney DJ; Poeschla E; Badel P; Wong-Staal F; Univ. of California, San Diego Medical Center, La Jolla, CA
Introduction: To determine the capacity of infected primary cells, plasmas, and culture supernatants from different patient (pt) populations to stimulate the growth of KS cells of KSLC lines in vitro, and to identify factors involved in such stimulation. To determine if KSLC can be isolated more frequently from the bl
Proc Annu Meet Am Soc Clin Oncol; 10:A6 1991. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/91671338
Rezai A; Martinez-Maza O; Gaynor R; Kishimoto T; Hirano T; Mitsuyasu RT; Miles SA; UCLA AIDS Center, Los Angeles, CA 90024-1793
AIDS-related Kaposi s sarcoma (AIDS-KS) is a multifocal proliferation of cells commonly observed in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Previous studies suggested that the AIDS-KS spindle cells are of endothelial origin, produce multiple cytokines which have autocrine and paracrine growth proper
Proc Annu Meet Am Soc Clin Oncol; 10:A368 1991. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/91671387
DeAngelis LM; Yahalom J; Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021
From 1985-1990, 32 non-AIDS patients (pts) with PCNSL were treated with a combined modality regimen using preradiation systemic methotrexate (1 g/m2) and intra-Ommaya methotrexate followed by 4000 cGy whole brain radiation (RT) with a 1440 cGy boost to the tumor bed. RT was followed by 2 courses of high-dose cytosine
Proc Annu Meet Am Soc Clin Oncol; 10:A940 1991. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/91671449
List AF; Grogan TM; Spier CM; Miller TP; Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ
Organ allograft recipients and HIV-infected patients (pts) have a high incidence of aggressive B-cell NHL. Factors contributing to the pathogenesis of B-cell neoplasia in such pts and poor outcome with conventional cytotoxic therapy remain unclear. We previously reported that tumor immunobiologic features and host T-T
Proc Annu Meet Am Assoc Cancer Res; 32:A1677 1991. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/91674478
Stine K; Tulane Univ. Sch. of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112
Patients (pts) with HIV-1 infection and immune suppression have an increased incidence of cancer. I have found that exogenously added p24 to resting peripheral blood mononuclear cells will suppress natural killer (NK) cell function. P24 is a circulating antigen in pts with HIV-1 infection. If p24 can bind to the surfa
Prompted by the need to analyze data from our own experiments, we have taken a fresh look at the problem of identifying potentiation, synergy, antagonism, enhancement of therapeutic index, and other types of drug interactions. This investigation has revealed a need for the following capabilities: (i) flexible choice o
Proc Annu Meet Am Soc Clin Oncol; 10:A7 1991. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/91671339
Kaplan L; Kahn J; Northfelt D; Abrams D; Volberding P; Univ. of California, San Francisco, CA 94110
Five previously untreated HIV-seropositive men with histologically diagnosed HD were treated with bleomycin 10 U/m2 iv day 1; vincristine 1.4 mg/m2 iv day 1; streptozocin 750 mg/m2 iv day 1, 3, 5; and etoposide 100 mg/m2 iv day 1, 3, 5. Aerosolized pentamidine, 300 mg/mo was administered for P carinii prophylaxis. HIV
Proc Annu Meet Am Assoc Cancer Res; 32:A2352 1991. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/91675155
Riva C; Barra Y; Yeramian P; INSERM 278, Faculte de Pharmacie, Marseille, France
AIDS patients currently treated with AZT may undergo concomitant treatment with ISO (immunomodulating drug). Therefore, uptake and metabolism of AZT in presence of ISO were investigated in HPM. HPM were exposed over 4 hr to AZT (1 to 15 uM), combined
Rabson AB; Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, National Institute of; Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health,; Bethesda, Maryland.
Volberding PA; School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco.
Because Kaposi s sarcoma is a highly visible disease and one readily confirmed histologically, it continues to play an important role in the clinical spectrum of AIDS. At this time, it can not be confirmed whether AIDS-related Kaposi s sarcoma is caused by an initial viral infection, whether the development of an immu
Levy RM; Bredesen DE; Rosenblum ML; Davis RL; Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois.
AIDS is no longer a rare disease affecting only a small segment of our population. It has now been observed throughout the United States and most other countries in the world. As the current data demonstrate, the effect of AIDS on the nervous system is profound and widespread. About 10
Johnson WD Jr; Pape JW; Cornell University Medical College, New York, New York.
The first cases of AIDS in Haiti were recognized in 1978-1979, a period that coincides with the earliest reports of AIDS in the United States . Current data are consistent with the hypothesis that AIDS originated in Africa, came to the United States a
Turk Ortodonti Derg. 1989 Nov;2(2):328-33. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91208345
Uzel I; Haydar B
Recently a great deal of attention has been devoted to the spread of hepatitis b and aids viruses and the high risk of contamination of these viruses during the dental operations has made orthodontists more aware of the necessity of sterilization and disinfection. This article discusses the methods of sterilization an
Merino F; Esparza B; Aizpiri J; San Cristobal E; Centro de Medicina Experimental, Instituto Venezolano de; Investigaciones Cientificas, Caracas, Venezuela.
An analysis of the epidemiology of the human immunodeficiency virus infection in the Basque Country, Spain is presented. The infection by this virus is mainly detected in intravenous drug addicts. In homosexuals the seropositivity frequency detected was moderate, and infection was a
Merino F; Santamaria JM; Martinez M; Fernandez J; Aizpiri J; San Cristobal E; Subero Z; Esparza B; Centro de Medicina Experimental, Instituto Venezolano de; Investigaciones Cientificas, Caracas, Venezuela.
An analysis of the medical pathologies seen in heroin addicts heroin addicts hospitalized in the Provincia de Vizcaya, Basque Country, Spain , from 1982 to 1987, and its possible association to the infection by the human immunodeficiency virus, HIV, is presented. An increasing of hos
The present study was proposed with study was proposed with the objective of examining the perception by students and nursing staff concerning the assistance to the patient with suspected or confirmed diagnosis of AIDS. The conclusions taken were that most of the subjects inquired showed fear when assisting such patie
A revision of the World current epidemiological aspects of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is presented. It was observed that near 70% of all the world cases occurred in the United States of America and 12% in Europe. There is an increase tendency of the number of cases. However
G Ital Med Lav. 1989 Jan-Mar;11(1-2):15-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91235882
Maserati R; Minoli L; Istituto di Clinica delle Malattie Infettive, IRCCS Policlinico; San Matteo, Universita di Pavia.
Infection by Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is the recognized cause of the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) and related syndromes, all characterized by a devastating and progressive impairment of immunity. What ensues is the onset of opportunistic infections, neoplasms, both central and peripheral nervous
G Ital Med Lav. 1989 Jan-Mar;11(1-2):19-21. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91235883
Parisi A; Istituto di Clinica delle Malattie Infettive, I.R.C.C.S.; Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia.
This study reports the results obtained by an Electroencephalographic screening of 450 HIV-seropositive patients, belonging to different stages of infection. The major bioelectrical changes of cerebral activity were evident in AIDS group (87.2%) and in ARC group (64.5%), whereas mild abnormalities were present in LAS
G Ital Med Lav. 1989 Jan-Mar;11(1-2):27-32. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91235884
Marcer G; Saia B; Istituto di Medicina del Lavoro, Universita di Padova.
A large number of xenobiotics (i. e. chemicals, drugs and biologicals) may adversely affect the immune system in consequence of different mechanisms: 1) the capacity of a large variety of xenobiotics to cause an allergic sensitization and different types of allergic sequelae (e.g. bronchial asthma, rhinitis, hypersens
G Ital Med Lav. 1989 Jan-Mar;11(1-2):39-46. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91235886
Cavalleri A; Gobba F; Cattedra di Medicina del Lavoro, Modena.
Occupational accidents represent an important problem in Occupational Medicine, not fairly investigated till now; as a consequence, data on the matter are lacking. The frequency of accidents is higher in the building, metal and wood industry. As regard to mycro-accidents, information are deeply lacking, and any compar
G Ital Med Lav. 1989 Jan-Mar;11(1-2):67-71. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91235889
Messineo A; Consigliere Nazionale Societa Italiana di Medicina del Lavoro ed; Igiene Industriale.
There are some problems in medico-legal approach and law interpretation about AIDS. The European Community has developed a wide program for health protection at workplace, giving Directives containing interesting starting points for AIDS prevention. The author discusses the main rules to be applied in regulations and
Int Immunol. 1989;1(4):367-72. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91207935
Eck HP; Frey H; Droge W; Institute of Immunology and Genetics, German Cancer Research; Center, Heidelberg.
We tested the hypothesis that the loss of immunological reactivity in HIV-1-infected persons may result partly from a virus-induced metabolic disorder. Patients who are infected with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-associated human immunodeficiency virus 1 were found to have, on average, markedly elevate
Int Immunol. 1989;1(4):409-15. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91207940
Hale PM; Cease KB; Houghten RA; Ouyang C; Putney S; Javaherian K; Margalit H; Cornette JL; Spouge JL; DeLisi C; et al; Metabolism Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes; of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.
Helper T cell determinants should be an important component of an anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) vaccine aimed at either antibody or cytotoxic T cell immunity. However, model protein studies have raised concern about the usefulness of any single determinant, because a given determinant is likely to be seen by
Int Immunol. 1989;1(6):613-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91207968
Koito A; Hattori T; Murakami T; Matsushita S; Maeda Y; Yamamoto T; Takatsuki K; Second Department of Internal Medicine, Kumamoto University; Medical School, Japan.
A neutralizing epitope (epitope beta) of the HTLV-IIIB strain of HIV-1 was mapped to 24 amino acids of an external envelope glycoprotein (gp120) using a neutralizing monoclonal antibody (0.5 beta) and hetero-antisera against synthetic peptides encoding gp120. Proteins that have homologous sequences with epitope beta w
G Ital Med Lav. 1989 Jan-Mar;11(1-2):5-14. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91235887
Ippolito G; Ospedale Specializzato per le Malattie Infettive Lazzaro; Spallanzani, Roma.
HIV infection, spread virtually all over the world, is still misreported locally because of technical and geopolitical factors. HIV is transmitted through blood, sex and birth (from infected mother to the newborn). The diffusion of this infection follows three distinct patterns: in Ital
A wide spectrum of immunomodulatory strategies offer promise for treating people with HIV infection; however, numerous gaps still exist in our understanding of the normal regulation of the immune system during the progression of HIV infection. Preclinical development of immunomodulators must include a strong rationale
Kahn JO; Kaplan LD; Gambertoglio JG; Bredesen D; Arri CJ; Turin L; Kibort T; Williams RL; Lifson JD; Volberding PA; Department of Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital, CA 94110.
A phase I dose-escalation study was performed to evaluate the safety and pharmacokinetics of a single intravenous infusion of GLQ223 in subjects with AIDS and AIDS-related complex (ARC). The active ingredient in GLQ223 is trichosanthin. Trichosanthin, imported from China , is the act
Gryllis C; Wainberg MA; Gornitsky M; Brenner B; Lady Davis Institute of the Jewish General Hospital, Montreal,; Quebec, Canada.
We have compared the relative ability of lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells derived from peripheral blood of HIV-seropositive people, AIDS subjects, and healthy controls, to lyse a panel of natural killer (NK)-sensitive and NK-resistant tumor and virally-infected targets. We have found that LAK cells derived from
To investigate recent trends in pediatric HIV-1 infection and the early impact of a blood screening program begun in one hospital in 1987 in Kinshasa, Zaire , we evaluated 1110 consecutive children seen in the pediatric emergency ward of the city s largest hospital in November 1988
Berkley S; Naamara W; Okware S; Downing R; Konde-Lule J; Wawer M; Musagaara M; Musgrave S; Epidemiology Unit, Ministry of Health, Entebbe, Uganda.
In countries in sub-Saharan Africa, HIV is transmitted primarily heterosexually. HIV infection and AIDS in women not only affects women s health but also has implications for the other members of society. Maternal infection is the source of most childhood HIV infection in Africa and maternal health is a strong predict
Goodwin GM; Chiswick A; Egan V; St. Clair D; Brettle RP; MRC Brain Metabolism Unit, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Scotland,; UK.
A two-tone auditory event-related potential (AEP) task was used to examine brain function in 206 HIV-positive individuals (infected by intravenous drug use) approximately 6-7 years after initial infection. Multiple regression analysis of AEP latency and amplitude components showed only small effects of past medical an
Brown RC; Institut Medical Chretien du Kasai, Kanaga, Zaire.
The objective of this study was to ascertain the seroprevalence and clinical manifestations of HIV-1 infection in Kananga, Zaire , in 1988. In the city of Kananga (population 300,000), eight out of 258 (3.1%) consecutive, asymptomatic, prenatal patients were seropositive. Of 452 co
Fraimow HS; Wormser GP; Coburn KD; Small CB; Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, New York, NY; 10467.
Patients infected with HIV demonstrate increased susceptibility to serious infections with non-typhoidal salmonellae. However, no cases of salmonella meningitis have been reported in this population. We now report three cases of salmonella meningitis which occurred in a population of 1800 patients with AIDS or AIDS-re
New Biol. 1990 Dec;2(12):1111-22. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91208098
Benko DM; Robinson R; Solomin L; Mellini M; Felber BK; Pavlakis GN; ABL-Basic Research Program, National Cancer Institute-FCRDC, MD; 21702-1201.
The binding of Rev protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) to the cis-acting Rev-responsive element (RRE) was compared to the binding of a trans-dominant Rev mutant. RevBL, which inhibits Rev function. Rev and RevBL expressed in bacteria were purified and shown to bind in vitro to the RRE with similar a
AIDS Care. 1990;2(3):213-22. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91208209
Moatti JP; Le Gales C; Seror V; Papiernik E; Henrion R; INSERM Research Unit 240 Risk Assessment and Evaluation of; Prevention, Fontenay Aux Roses, France.
The paper presents the results of a survey about risk perception, knowledge, and attitudes towards HIV infection among 397 pregnant women in France . The survey was carried out between December 1987 and March 1988 in two Paris-region maternity hospitals where HIV testing is routinel
AIDS Care. 1990;2(3):223-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91208210
Larsson G; Spangberg L; Lindgren S; Bohlin AB; Department of Psychiatry, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge; Hospital, Sweden.
Pregnant women residing in the metropolitan area of Stockholm were screened for HIV in a 12-month pilot programme. The acceptance rate was 99.3%. Three HIV-antibody-positive women (0.04%) were identified. The screening was followed up by a study designed to ascertain the attitudes of the women towards the test. The va
AIDS Care. 1990;2(3):229-33. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91208211
Meadows J; Jenkinson S; Catalan J; Gazzard B; Academic Department of Psychiatry, Charing Cross and Westminster; Medical School.
This study looked at 12 midwives in the Riverside Health Authority who counselled parturient women about having the HIV antibody test. Results showed that the uptake rate of the test varied considerably across midwives (82% to 3%). Uptake rate varied, to some extent, by ethnic group of the midwife; Afro-Caribbeans hav
AIDS Care. 1990;2(3):235-45. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91208212
Sherr L; Hedge B; Department of Clinical Psychology, St Mary's Hospital, London,; UK.
Pre-test counselling has been seen as a pre-requisite for HIV screening. As HIV moves into the heterosexual community, the role of HIV screening in ante-natal care has increased. As vertical transmission is the major contributor to perinatal infection HIV screening of pregnant women has become a reality. The pregnant
AIDS Care. 1990;2(3):247-52. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91208213
Temmerman M; Moses S; Kiragu D; Fusallah S; Wamola IA; Piot P; WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Sexually; Transmitted Diseases, Department of Medical Microbiology,; University of Nairobi, Kenya.
During an ongoing study investigating the impact of maternal HIV infection on pregnancy outcome at a large maternity hospital in Nairobi, Kenya , asymptomatic HIV positive women who had recently delivered were informed of their HIV sero-status and counselled by a trained nurse regard
AIDS Care. 1990;2(3):253-66. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91208214
Tsiantis J; Anastasopoulos D; Meyer M; Panitz D; Ladis V; Platokouki N; Aroni S; Kattamis C; Department of Psychological Pediatrics, Athens University Medical; School, Greece.
The experience gained from the application of an on-going multilevel intervention programme through an interdisciplinary team approach to the management of 30 HIV-positive children, adolescents and young people aged from 7 to 21 years (20 haemophiliac and 10 thalassaemic patients) and their families is described. The
AIDS Care. 1990;2(3):267-74. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91208215
Wilson DJ; Lavelle S; Hood R; Psychology Department, University of Zimbabwe, Mount Pleasant,; Harare.
The association of AIDS knowledge, perceived susceptibility to HIV, efficacy of preventive measures, severity of HIV infection, cues to action, barriers to action and alcohol/drug use with intended condom use was examined among Zimbabwean adolescents (mean age = 16.9) in probation/remand homes. Eighty-six percent of m
AIDS Care. 1990;2(3):275-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91208216
Martin GS; Serpelloni G; Galvan U; Rizzetto A; Gomma M; Morgante S; Rezza G; HIV Screening Section, USL-25 Verona, Italy.
The results obtained from the training and follow-up of 189 IDUs who participated in a programme consisting of an audiovisual presentation, pre-/post-testing and individual counselling are presented. Syringe sharing decreased from 35% at initial contact to 12% after 6 months. Sexual behaviour proved more resistant to
AIDS Care. 1990;2(3):281-6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91208217
Loimer N; Presslich O; Hollerer E; Pakesch G; Pfersman V; Werner E; University of Vienna, Department of Psychiatry, Austria.
A standardised method to monitor HIV-1 infection levels and trends among injecting drug users (IDUs) was periodically administered at the drug addiction outpatient ward of the Psychiatric University Clinic of Vienna. A total of 715 injecting drug users were examined. HIV-1 antibodies were found in 8.5% of the IDUs in
de Wit R; Bakker PJ; Danner SA; Goudsmit J; Veenhof KH; Division of Medical Oncology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam,; The Netherlands.
Anti-interferon (IFN)-alpha antibodies were determined in the serum of 28 patients treated with high-dose human recombinant IFN-alpha-2a for AIDS-associated Kaposi s sarcoma. After a median treatment duration of 3 months, 3 patients developed anti-IFN-alpha antibodies, of whom 2 showed a long lasting tumour response d
McKenna JG; McMillan A; Genito-Urinary Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Royal; Infirmary, Edinburgh.
The case notes of 1080 men with genital warts were analysed retrospectively over a 30-month period. One hundred and forty patients were identified with intrameatal warts and an audit of their treatment is discussed. When electrocautery and cryotherapy were compared the former produced a more rapid resolution of the le
Thomas BJ; Osborn MF; Munday PE; Evans RT; Taylor-Robinson D; Division of Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Clinical Research; Centre, Harrow, Middlesex, UK.
The MicroTrak direct smear immunofluorescence test was used to determine the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis elementary bodies (EBs) in groups of patients in various clinical categories, most of whom were seen in a clinic for sexually transmitted diseases (STD). Overall, 8138 adequate specimens were tested, of whi
de Vroome EM; Paalman ME; Sandfort TG; Sleutjes M; de Vries KJ; Tielman RA; University of Utrecht, Department of Gay and Lesbian Studies, The; Netherlands.
One of the primary aims of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) prevention campaigns in the Netherlands has been to inform the public of the facts about AIDS, thereby stimulating informed, but voluntary action to prevent transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus (H
Russell JM; Barton SE; Lawrence AG; John Hunter Clinic, St Stephens Hospital, London, UK.
A questionnaire was completed by 103 symptomatic women attending a busy, walk-in genitourinary medicine clinic in London before seeing a doctor. This questionnaire asked about the patients own diagnosis of symptoms, previous remedies and their source. The answers were compared to their past history and current diagno
Abeck D; Korting HC; Zaba R; Dangor Y; Fehler G; Ballard RC; Department of Dermatology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich,; FRG.
To investigate cell-mediated immune response in chancroid, soluble interleukin-2 receptor levels in serum and urine samples of healthy individuals and patients were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Increased levels both in serum and in urine were observed in cases of Haemophilus ducreyi infection. In
Passi S; Morrone A; Picardo M; De Luca C; Bartoli F; Zurlo A; Ippolito F; Istituto Dermatologico San Gallicano, Roma.
Plasma levels of vitamin E (Vit E), polyunsaturated fatty acids of phospholipids (PUFA-PL), lipoperoxides as well as erythrocytes glutathione peroxidase activity (GSH-Px), were evaluated in 200 migrants coming from developing countries, some of which at high risk for serious infective diseases. HIV-1 and syphilis infe
Piccinno R; Caccialanza M; Cusini M; Cagliani P; Mainardi L; Istituto di Clinica Dermatologia I, Universita di Milano.
Radiotherapy is a first choice treatment of skin and oral cavity lesions of epidemic Kaposi sarcoma. It has cosmetic aims in the early stages of the disease, and palliative ones to reduce soreness and associated oedema in the lesions of a more advanced disease. This treatment modality has few side effects and does not
Alvarez-Cermeno JC; Varela JM; Villar LM; Casado C; Dominguez M; Roy G; Bootello A; Gonzalez-Porque P; Department of Neurology, Hospital Ramon y Cajal, Madrid, Spain.
sHLA are soluble class I antigens produced by lymphocytes on early activation. We have studied the sHLA index IH = (CSF sHLA/serum sHLA)/(CSF albumin/serum albumin), which reflects the intrathecal synthesis (ITS) of sHLA in 23 intravenous drug abusers with central nervous system (CNS) HIV infection. Their mean IH valu
Esiri MM; Gay D; Department of Clinical Neurology, Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford; U.K.
The anatomy of the Virchow-Robin space is reviewed and attention is drawn to its importance as a compartment which is in communication with lymphatic channels of the head and neck and in which local immunological reactions take place. Macrophages in the Virchow-Robin spaces express MHC class II antigens and are well p
Mathiesen T; Sonnerborg A; Trojnar J; Wahren B; Department of Neurosurgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm,; Sweden.
ELISAs utilizing HIV-derived synthetic peptides as antigen were used to analyze serum and CSF IgG1-4 from 15 HIV infected patients. Intrathecally synthesized IgG1-4 reactive to one or several HIV-derived peptides were detectable in 12 of 15 patients. Intrathecally synthesized anti-peptide IgG was more common in patien
van den Berg H; Hiemstra I; Scherpbier HJ; Rothbarth PH; Afd. Kindergeneeskunde, Academisch Ziekenhuis Leiden.
After the presentation of 3 case histories of children who became infected with HIV through different modes of transmission the disease is further discussed. Special attention is paid on epidemiology, transmission pathways, pathophysiology, making the diagnosis, clinical symptoms, therapy and prognosis of HIV infected
Gradon JD; Sepkowitz DV; Division of Infectious Diseases, Maimonides Medical Center,; Brooklyn, NY 11219.
Several forms of hepatic toxicity have been described with the antifungal agent ketoconazole. We report a case of massive liver enlargement with fatty infiltration presenting as gastric compression. This occurred in a young woman with AIDS taking ketoconazole as maintenance therapy for cryptococcal meningitis. This is
The 43rd World Health Assembly approved the 10th Revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) in May 1990 and recommended its implementation by January 1, 1993. The ICD-10 uses a new alpha-numeric code, which provides sufficient code-numbers for all new entities, included in ICD-10 and for further
Nursing administration strategies for a holistic care of patients with the immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and of people infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are included in the article. The strategies which are discussed refer to: (a) the effective organization and function of nursing services, (b) the c
Karagianni A; Kampouri V; Korda E; Sideropoulos D; Gkiritzotos T
In this paper, we report our experience concerning chronic dialysis treatment in a patient with AIDS. We describe also all necessary precautions we utilized to prevent virus transmission from the patient to the staff. The latter was achieved with the use of standard gown, mask and gloves, as well as the use of plastic
The wide spread and the severity of AIDS require special nursing interventions. In the first part, the general and specific problems are described, such as problems from different systems (respiratory, mouth, skin etc.), from contaminated fluids etc. In the same time general rules are given in order to help the health
The general and special infection control measures that protect the patient with HIV and other patients as well as the nosocomial personnel are presented in this paper.
The psychosocial problems of patients with AIDS result from inadequate coping with stress relative to diagnosis, prognosis, therapy, familial and social stigma and impaired supportive systems. The main psychosocial nursing interventions according to the concrete needs are: holistic unconditioned and warm care, open nu
AIDS Care. 1990;2(4):309-17. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91215022
Bagnall G; Plant M; Warwick W; Department of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, UK.
This paper examines the relationship between AIDS-related risks amongst a cohort of young adults and alcohol, tobacco and illicit drug use. Data were elicited by standardized interview and self completed questionnaires from a non-random study group of 350 males and 428 females. Only a minority of respondents reported
AIDS Care. 1990;2(4):319-24. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91215023
Weatherburn P; Davies PM; Hunt AJ; Coxon AP; McManus TJ; South Bank Polytechnic, London, UK.
This paper seeks to outline the range and type of heterosexual behaviour in a large non-clinic cohort of homosexually active males. A cohort of 930 homosexually active men were interviewed as part of a prospective study of the seroprevalence of HIV. The paper indicates that over 60% of these men have had at least one
AIDS Care. 1990;2(4):325-38. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91215024
Perakyla A; Bor R; University of London Goldsmiths College, Department of Sociology,; UK.
Addressing the patient s fears about the future is an essential task in HIV counselling. The paper examines with conversation analytical methods the interactional dynamics of such discussions in video- and audio-taped counselling sessions with patients coming for an HIV test and others diagnosed as HIV antibody positi
AIDS Care. 1990;2(4):339-46. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91215025
Ross MW; Rigby K; Rosser BR; Anagnostou P; Brown M; National Centre in HIV Social Research, Department of Community; Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
Following a national campaign in Australia which had shown no change in level of knowledge about AIDS (using random samples of the population over 16 years, before and 5 months after the campaign), we assessed the change of attitudes towards, and beliefs about AIDS in the same s
Cisterna R; Sarria L; Sunen E; Campelo C; Martinez J; Fernandez de Aranguiz A; Gorrino T; Malave C; Departamento de Microbiologia e Immunologia, Hospital Civil de; Bilbao, Universidad del Pais Vasco.
The behavior of the hepatitis B virus was investigated in mononuclear cell cultures in nine patients infected by the human immunodeficiency virus. Although only one of them was a carrier of HBsAg and four had anti-HBs in their sera, HBsAg was detected in the supernatant of the cultures from all patients. These results
Nicolosi A; Musicco M; Saracco A; Molinari S; Ziliani N; Lazzarin A; National Research Council, Institute of Advanced Biomedical; Technologies, Milan, Italy.
To assess the incidence of and risk factors for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection among HIV-negative intravenous drug abusers, we studied a cohort of intravenous drug abusers recruited from drug treatment centers in Milan and northern Italy . We enrolled 933 subjects betwe
Morris RE; Turgut E; Ministry of Public Health, Kuwait, Arabian Gulf.
The potential for the increased risk of transmission of HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) from patients to dental health care workers (DHCWs) in the workplace is examined. Based on published and hypothetical risk estimates, the authors conclude that in certain world communities with high prevalence rates of HIV infec
Eur Respir J. 1990 Nov;3(10):1221-3. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91216239
Praz JO; Lorenzi P; Chevrolet JC; Clinique Medicale Therapeutique, Geneva University Hospital,; Switzerland.
The differential diagnosis of lung cavitations is very broad. We report a case of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) with lung cavitations on the chest X-ray in a patient with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). We discuss the differential diagnosis of such an X-ray pattern and emphasize that multiple cav
Int J Pept Protein Res. 1990 Dec;36(6):544-50. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91216703
Toth MV; Marshall GR; Department of Pharmacology, Washington University School of; Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.
Novel fluorogenic substrates for human immunodeficiency viral protease have been developed based on the principle of fluorescence energy transfer. Starting from a p24/p15 cleavage site-derived hexapeptide substrate. Ac-Thr-Ile-Nle-Nle-Gln-Arg-NH2, incorporation of 2-aminobenzoic acid in place of the acetyl group as th
Hastreiter RJ; Roesch MH; Heckert KA; Danila RN; Minnesota Department of Health.
To obtain comprehensive information about the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of Minnesota dental hygienists and registered dental assistants, a questionnaire was mailed to random samples of both groups in the fall of 1988. Most assistants and hygienists claimed to always wear gloves, but substantially fewer indic
Fauci AS; Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and; Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; 20892.
Infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is characterized by a long and variable asymptomatic phase followed by the development of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in a substantial proportion of individuals within 10 years. An understanding of the mechanism by which the infection progresses i
Med Hypotheses. 1990 Dec;33(4):265-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91218706
Chaldakov GN; Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Varna Institute of Medicine,; Bulgaria.
Receptor-mediated endocytosis is a well recognized process by which many cells internalize and intracellularly process important biological molecules including viruses. The present hypothesis, addressing receptor-mediated cellular entry of viruses including HIV, describes a perspective of further basic studies seen th
New Dir Child Dev. 1990 Winter;(50):35-59. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91218954
Lewis C; Battistich V; Schaps E; Developmental Studies Center, San Ramon, California.
Our model makes us pessimistic about quick-fixes. Short-term, narrowly focused programs designed to increase children s knowledge or some limited aspect of their competence are unlikely to be effective in preventing AIDS. Our model suggests that what protects a child from AIDS is not knowledge or isolated social skill
New Dir Child Dev. 1990 Winter;(50):61-70. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91218955
Wilcox BL; Office of Legislative Affairs and Policy Studies, American; Psychological Association, Washington, D.C.
Adolescent AIDS policy in the United States is piecemeal at best. While funding for preventive education programs is extensive and growing, the effort remains largely uncoordinated and chaotic despite the best efforts of CDC. The public health system, like the educational system, is hi
Matturri L; Quattrone P; Varesi C; Rossi L; Department of Pathology, University of Milan, Italy.
Four cases of myocarditis from toxoplasma gondii were observed at autopsy among 18 consecutive cases of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). All cases showed spotty inflammatory myocardial infiltration, consisting mainly of T lymphocytes and, to a lesser extent, of B lymphocytes, histiocytes, mastocytes and eosi
Harris CE; Biggs JC; Concannon AJ; Dodds AJ; Department of Hematology, St. Vincent's Hospital, Sydney.
In 4 years (1984-1987), 183 bone marrow examinations were performed on 155 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody positive patients. One hundred and fifty three had category IV AIDS. One-third of the marrows yielded specific information. This included opportunistic infection, in particular
Damiani S; Cavicchi O; Corinaldesi G; Cenacchi V; Eusebi V; Istituto di anatomia e istologia patologica, Universita di; Bologna.
HIV-related lesions of the parotid region. A case of parotid enlargement in a 43-year-old male with unsuspected HIV infection is reported. Lesions consisted in lymphonodal changes, epi-myoepithelial islands and cysts lined by squamous epithelium. It is suggested that it is possible to recognize an unsuspected HIV infe
Patients positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) may resort to hibernation or unceasing hyperactivity to eject overpainful representations and affects. In these states overwhelming emotions can be at the origin of somatic disorders and can precipitate the onset of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. A psy
Schumacher U; Eberle J; Wolf H; Welsch U; Ziegler-Heitbrook HW; Gurtler L; Deinhardt F; Anatomische Anstalt, University of Munich, FRG.
The terminal carbohydrate residues of HIV I and II were detected by ferritin labeled lectins in electron microscopy. Different cell lines, which were infected with HIV I and II, expressed different terminal carbohydrate residues, which could also be detected on the viral envelope by electronmicroscopy. Especially N-Ac
Calderon E; Ramirez MA; Arrieta MI; Fernandez-Caldas E; Russell DW; Lockey RF; Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida,; College of Medicine, Tampa.
Reviewing the medical literature since 1981 show that patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) usually suffer from poor ingestion and absorption, increased excretion of nutrients, metabolic and endocrine abnormalities and immunologic abnormalities which impair nutrition. Human immunodeficiency virus (HI
Garrote FJ; Molina JA; Lacambra C; Mollejo M; Madero S; del Ser T; Servico de Medicina Interna, Hospital Severo Ochoa, Leganes,; Madrid.
The clinical case of a patient suffering AIDS who presented a progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), diagnosed by CT scan, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and cerebral biopsy, is here described. A therapeutic trial was carried out with zidovudine (200 mg/4 hours p.o.) during 75 days. Although this treatmen
Usuku K; Nishizawa M; Eiraku N; Osame M; Tabira T; Division of Demyelinating Disease and Aging, National Institute; of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry,; Tokyo, Japan.
In two patients with human T lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-I)-associated myelopathy (HAM) and a non-HAM HTLV-I carrier, T-cell lines were generated and characterized from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) lymphocytes and peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). In total, 62 T-cell lines were established using direct plating tech
Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1990 Jul-Aug;84(4):577-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91220396
Goubau P; Carton H; Kazadi K; Muya KW; Desmyter J; Department of Microbiology, Rega Institute, Leuven, Belgium.
In Lisala (Equateur region, Zaire ), where a cluster of tropical spastic paraparesis/HTLV-1 associated myelopathy (TSP/HAM) was described, 28/200 (14%) out-patients and hospital personnel were HTLV antibody positive. No differences in prevalences were observed between out-patients
This paper reports on workshops held in the Kimberley region of Western Australia to educate all levels of health workers about HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment. The 84 staff who attended the workshops identified key issues that needed to be addressed by nurses working with Abo
Gazzard BG; Smith D; AIDS Co-ordinator, Westminster Hospital, London, UK.
Over 80% of all HIV-infected patients develop oral candidosis at some stage during their disease. This provides a marker for the development of fullblown AIDS--in one study more than 50% proceeded to the full syndrome within three months of the development of buccal lesions, although some of these may have had asympto
Staughton R; Department of Dermatology, Westminster Hospital, London, UK.
Skin lesions occur in virtually all patients during the unfolding evolution of their HIV infection--usually a succession of conditions reflecting the gradual decline of immunity. Hairy leucoplakia can occur at any stage and in all risk groups. Kaposi s sarcoma is seen only in homosexually acquired AIDS. A transient ra
Stevens DA; Department of Medicine, Santa Clara Valley Medical Center, San; Jose, California.
The mycoses are of increasing importance because of the AIDS epidemic. Oral and other forms of candidosis are nearly universal in AIDS patients. Cryptococcosis is the most common lethal mycosis, and may number tens of thousands of cases in AIDS worldwide annually. As the number of AIDS patients mounts, a rising tide o
Morace G; Tamburrini E; Manzara S; Antinori A; Maiuro G; Dettori G; Istituto di Microbiologia, Facolta di Medicina e Chirurgia A.; Gemelli, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
Mycological, cultural and/or serological studies were performed on 98 patients hospitalized in the Department of Infectious Diseases of the Catholic University in Rome with diagnoses of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) or AIDS-related complex (ARC) diseases. The incidence of mycoses was evaluated by retrospe
Carducci A; Giorgi M; Benedettini G; Avio CM; Bendinelli M; Dipartimento di Biomedicina Sperimentale, Universita di Pisa,; Italy.
To evaluate the usefulness of anti-HIV mass screenings, we examined 662 new military recruits and 1353 soldiers being discharged. None of the former and only one of the latter (0.07%) resulted seropositive on repeated ELISA and Western-blot. For comparison we also report the results of routine anti-HIV antibody testin
Sehgal S; Kumar B; Singh M; Kaur S; Chugh KS; Sharma BK; Rayat CS; Hazra PK; Department of Immunopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical; Education and Research, Chandigarh and Command Hospital.
Antibodies to human immune deficiency (HIV) virus were studied in 2000 individuals including cases of non-Hodgkin s lymphoma , systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), leprosy, chronic renal failure on haemodialysis and patients attending STD clinics. A group of blood donors was also scr
Ho CM; Marshall GR; Center for Molecular Design, Washington University, St. Louis, MO; 63130.
A set of algorithms designed to enhance the display of protein binding cavities is presented. These algorithms, collectively entitled CAVITY SEARCH, allow the user to isolate and fully define the extent of a particular cavity. Solid modeling techniques are employed to produce a detailed cast of the active site region,
The purpose of this research was to identify variables related to life quality for persons with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and to ascertain if life quality differs according to the classifications of a positive serologic test for HIV antibodies (HIV+), AIDS-related complex (ARC), and Acquired Immunodeficie
Schweinle JE; Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of; Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510.
Tuberculosis in the United States is evolving in nearly all respects--epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prophylaxis. Today a relatively larger segment of the population has predisposing factors to infection with tuberculosis. There is a greater percentage of people who are elderl
Worm AM; Kvinesdal B; Department of Dermato-Venereology, Bispebjerg Hospital,; Copenhagen, Denmark.
During four study periods, each of 3-4 weeks duration in 1987 and 1988, all patients attending the Copenhagen outpatient Venereal Disease Clinic were encouraged to have a test for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody. Anonymous testing or testing for research purposes only without any data was also offered. Pa
Bor R; Elford J; Perry L; Salt H; Miller R; Johnson M; Hampstead DHA AIDS Counselling Unit, Royal Free Hospital, London,; UK.
This paper describes the workload of the AIDS Counselling Unit in Hampstead District Health Authority during its second year of service. Between April 1988 and March 1989, the average number of patients seen each month by the Unit doubled. It is anticipated that the caseload in the district will continue to increase,
Ben-Ahmeida T; Smith T; Hicks DA; Kinghorn GR; Potter CW; Department of Virology, University of Sheffield Medical School,; UK.
An ELISA technique has been used to study the incidence of antibody against Chlamydiae: the results obtained with a panel of control sera were compared with those for the complement fixation (CF) and whole inclusion immunofluorescence (WIF) tests. The results indicate that the ELISA results correlate well with the WIF
Woolley PD; Kinghorn GR; Talbot MD; Duerden BI; Department of Genitourinary Medicine, Royal Hallamshire Hospital,; Sheffield, UK.
In a microbiological study of the urethral flora in men with non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU), Chlamydia trachomatis (isolated from 30% of men) was the only organism isolated significantly more often from men with NGU than controls (P less than 0.01). Bacteroids species, especially of the melaninogenicus-oralis group,
Westblom TU; Belshe RB; Gorse GJ; Anderson EL; Berry CF; Marshall University School of Medicine, Huntington, West; Virginia.
A total of 166 volunteers for an AIDS vaccine study (Vaxsyn, baculovirus produced recombinant GP160; MicroGeneSys Inc, West Haven, Connecticut, USA) were interviewed and examined. Blood was collected for routine laboratory testing as well as T-cell counts, HIV ELISA (EIA), Western blot (WB) and p24 Ag. Eighty-five men
Kageyama S; Kurimura T; Department of Virology, Tottori University School of Medicine,; Yonago, Japan.
Anti-p17 was examined as a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) marker predicting the onset of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Two different comparisons were done: (1) anti-p17 negativity and successful HIV isolation; and (2) anti-p17 negativity and clinical status, using the Centers for Disease Control c
Mansour AM; Rodenko G; Dutt R; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Medical Branch,; Galveston 77550.
Cotton-wool spots are a hallmark of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) retinopathy in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). We analysed the half-life of cotton-wool spots in AIDS in a prospective study, and found the average time to disappearance to be 6.9 weeks. HIV retinopathy differs from diabetic retinopa
Garavelli PL; Scaglione L; Bicocchi R; Libanore M; Department of Infectious Diseases, General Hospital, Alessandria,; Italy.
The protozoon Blastocystis hominis may cause episodes of diarrhoea with abdominal pain, tenesmus, fever and eosinophilia. We have observed 5 cases of blastocystosis in male subjects with symptomatic HIV infection. All patients had a complete response to metronidazole. This report confirms that Blastocystis hominis may
Woolley PD; Talbot MD; Department of Genitourinary Medicine, Royal Hallamshire Hospital,; Sheffield, UK.
Failure to re-attend for follow-up is a significant problem in patients attending genitourinary clinics. In this study, despite the efforts made to trac patients with cervical cytological abnormalities, adequate follow-up or further investigation was achieved in only 15.3% of women with inflammatory changes on initial
Ross MW; Albion Street AIDS Centre, Sydney Hospital, Australia.
A 6-month longitudinal study of psychological variables predictive of condom use and safer sex in homosexually active men was carried out in Adelaide, a city of one million, in a low prevalence area for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Return rate of follow-up questionnaires was 60%, with no significant d
Choto RG; Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of; Zimbabwe Medical School, Harare.
HIV in infants and children in Zimbabwe is virtually limited to vertical transmission. Less than 5 cases of transfusion acquired HIV infections have been documented to date. Zimbabwe was the third country in the world after the United States , to s
Int J Addict. 1990-91;25(4A):533-59. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91231372
Rolf J; Nanda J; Baldwin J; Chandra A; Thompson L; Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore, MD; 21205.
In the United States , there is growing concern that adolescents are at increasing risk for HIV-1 infection due to recreational substance use and sexual activity. Self-report questionnaires from a sample of 224 incarcerated delinquents quantified associations between drug use, sex, and
Perrella O; 3rd Department of Infectious Diseases, D. Cotugno Hospital,; Naples, Italy.
Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura is often present in HIV infections and may occur at any stage with frequently severe hemorrhagic risks. In order to evaluate the possible beneficial therapeutic effects of intravenous immunoglobulins at doses of 1 g/Kg/day, the author compared two groups of 10 HIV positive patients
A post-embedding technique for immunocytochemical analysis at the ultrastructural level was used to detect and localize HIV antigens on ultrathin sections of Lowicryl-embedded HIV-infected cells. A genomic probe containing ribosomal sequences and labeled with biotin was used to hybridize rRNA molecules in sections of
Turk J Pediatr. 1990 Jul-Sep;32(3):175-82. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91233586
Sanal O; Ersoy F; Tezcan I; Yeniay I; Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University Faculty of; Medicine, Ankara.
Serum IgD levels were determined in 66 patients with well-defined primary immunodeficiency diseases. The two major groups of patients consisted of those with ataxia-telangiectasia (38 patients) and those with selective IgA deficiency (11 patients). The ataxia-telangiectasia patients tended to have higher serum IgD lev
Samardzija M; Ispanovic-Trosic I; Jagodic G; Samardzija G; Sersic K; Opca bolnica Osijek, Park Lenjina 3.
At the Department for Transfusiology of the Osijek General Hospital, the blood of volontary donors has been tested for anti-HIV since July 1, 1987, according to regulations. In the period from July 1, 1987, to June 30, 1989, 49 persons come to be tested for anti-HIV on their own initiative. This test group was asked t
Bell J; Fernandes D; Batey R; Drug and Alcohol Unit, Westmead Hospital, NSW.
Seven hundred and sixty-seven patients applying to enter public methadone programmes in the western suburbs of Sydney underwent assessment in the Drug and Alcohol Unit at Westmead Hospital between 1986 and 1988. These patients had long histories of illicit drug use and most were involved in crime, prostitution and a d
Just-Nubling G; Gentschew G; Dohle M; Bottinger C; Helm EB; Stille W; Zentrum fur Innere Medizin/Infektiologie, Klinikum der Johann; Wolfgang Goethe-Universitat, Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
106 HIV-positive patients with 129 episodes of oropharyngeal Candida infection were treated with fluconazole (50-300 mg/d). Treatment lasted from 4 to 23 days. The majority of patients were in more advanced stages of HIV infection (82% AIDS cases). Therapy with fluconazole led to complete healing or improvement of cli
Marrie TJ; Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova; Scotia, Canada.
The attack rate for pneumonia increases with increasing age and with residence in a nursing home. The rate of hospitalization of Halifax County, Nova Scotia, Canada , residents with pneumonia was 1 in 1,000, while for nursing home residents it was 33 in 1,000. The overall mortality
Osmo AA; Honda J; Baldacci ER; Okay Y; Manissadjian A; Divisao de Pediatria do Hospital Universitario da Universidade; de Sao Paulo, Brasil.
The results of a serum inquiry for detection of antibodies against the Human Immuno-deficiency Virus in a non selected group of children, patients of a general pediatric ward, are reported. Of the 441 cases, the ELISA test gave a positive result for 1.1% of them. This result was confirmed by the Western-Blot or Immuno
Spina-Franca A; Livramento JA; Machado LR; Gomes HR; Vianna LS; Castro LH; Nobrega JP; Bacheschi LA; Department of Neurology, Sao Paulo University Medical School,; Brasil.
HTLV-1 antibodies were investigated in serum and in CSF of 150 patients with neurologic disorders mainly myelopathies. The patients were considered into three groups according to the possible relationship of their disease to the presence of HTLV-1 antibodies: no relationship risk (control group), occasional risk group
Byers VS; Levin AS; Waites LA; Starrett BA; Mayer RA; Clegg JA; Price MR; Robins RA; Delaney M; Baldwin RW; University of Nottingham, UK.
Trichosanthin, a ribosomal inhibitor protein, blocks HIV replication in lymphocytes and macrophages. This agent was used to treat 51 patients with advanced HIV disease in a dose-escalation study in which three injections were administered over a 9-21-day period in a dose range of 10-30 micrograms/kg per injection. The
Kinghorn GR; Spencer RC; Smith TK; Woolley PD; Patel R; Robinson AJ; Department of Genitourinary Medicine, Royal Hallamshire Hospital,; Sheffield, UK.
A total of 311 patients presenting with uncomplicated gonorrhoea were entered into a comparative randomized open-label study and given single-dose treatment with either oral cefuroxime axetil (CAE) or intramuscular procaine penicillin (PP). Neisseria gonorrhoeae was eliminated from 129 (98%) of 131 evaluable patients
Ausina V; Garcia-Barcelo M; Luquin M; Belda F; Fernandez J; Esteban G; Sauret J; Mirelis B; Prats G; Departamento de Microbiologia, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant; Pau, Barcelona.
From july 1982 to december 1987 we prospectively evaluated the primary resistance (PR) of 248 strains of M. tuberculosis isolated from patients with several clinical forms of tuberculosis. The results were compared with those of a similar study carried out between 1978-1982. PR persisted relatively stable with time, a
Tomita H; Minagi S; Akagawa Y; Tsuru H; Department of Removable Prosthodontics, Hiroshima University,; School of Dentistry, Japan.
Immersion of dental impressions in 2% glutaraldehyde has been shown to be an effective disinfection procedure for viral contamination. This study compared the effect of immersing impression materials on the concentrations of glutaraldehyde. Contamination with saliva slightly affected the concentration of glutaraldehyd
Farina C; Castelli F; Carosi G; Microbiology Unit, Ospedali Riuniti di Bergamo, Italy.
Systemic fungal infections are diseases of increasing incidence in immunocompromised patients. They are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with severe granulocytopenia caused by hematological malignancies or high-dose corticosteroid treatments. Systemic candidiasis is usually attributed to colon
Aldous JA; School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City.
In 1981, a group of male homosexuals was found to have an immunological defect resulting in opportunistic infections. The pattern of symptoms became known as acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Much time and expense have been invested to study the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), prevent its spread, and fin
As a more complete safety profile of ddI begins to merge, it is clear that this agent continues to hold promise as an option for the treatment of primary HIV disease in certain patients. The long-term efficacy and safety of the drug can be fully understood only from the results of controlled clinical trials. To speed
Bracco P; Debernardi C; Delmastro PF; Moiraghi A; Istituto Policattedra di Clinica Odontostomatologica e Chirurgia; Maxillo-Facciale, Universita degli Studi di Torino.
The daily increase in carriers of the AIDS virus (150,000 is the latest estimate for Italy ) means that the dentist must pay the utmost attention in selecting cases at risk and in defending himself from the possibility of contagion. Albeit to a lesser extent, the pedodontist is also
Morissette M; Fortin JP; Gravel L; Departement de Sante Communautaire (DSC-CHUL), Le Centre; Hospitalier de l'Universite Laval, Quebec, Canada.
The aim of this article is to describe the operation of a local health system within the social and public health context in the Province of Quebec, Canada . Following a review of the local health system concept, a description is given of the resources that have been used to combat
Teng CS; Department of Anatomy, Physiological Sciences and Radiology,; College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University,; Raleigh 27606.
Seven young cats were injected with feline leukemia virus (FeLV); six of them became viremic. All of the viremic cats developed AIDS-related symptoms, i.e. lymphopenia, neutropenia, thymic atrophy, and wasting syndrome, along with an altered pituitary and adrenocortical function. These symptoms closely resemble human
Miura T; Sakuragi J; Kawamura M; Fukasawa M; Moriyama EN; Gojobori T; Ishikawa K; Mingle JA; Nettey VB; Akari H; et al; Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Japan.
We designed a universal primer (UNIPOL) for DNA amplification of AIDS-related viruses. The phylogenetic tree constructed from the presumed sequences amplified with UNIPOL was representative of the tree calculated from whole pol gene sequences so far reported. UNIPOL was able to amplify the sequences of all four major
Chamot E; Hirschel B; Wintsch J; Robert CF; Gabriel V; Deglon JJ; Yerly S; Perrin L; Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospital, Switzerland.
A time-point survey of 262 ex-intravenous drug users (IVDUs) on methadone treatment showed serological evidence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in 64%, hepatitis B virus in 74% and HIV in 36%. Analysis of previously collected frozen stored sera of the same patients showed that 31 further IVDUs had had anti-HCV antibodies i
Soares VR; Nieminen P; Aho M; Vesterinen E; Vaheri A; Paavonen J; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Central; Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
Human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA is associated with genital squamous cell neoplasia, especially types 16, 18, and 31. Several studies, using histopathology and DNA hybridization, have shown an increased prevalence of cervical HPV DNA in pregnant women. We determined the prevalence of HPV DNA and the distribution of spec
The therapy of choice for oral hairy leucoplakia in HIV-infected patients is treatment with acyclovir . During treatment the replication of Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) in cells scraped from the epithelium of hairy leucoplakia was investigated using filter-in-situ hybridization. On t
Staib F; Seibold M; L'age M; Mycology Unit, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany, FR.
The open questions of the persistence of Cryptococcus neoformans in the urogenital tract under antimycotic treatment can be examined under optimal mycological-diagnostic conditions only. The example of a case of cryptococcosis in an AIDS patient diagnosed and treated with itraconazole in the early secondary stage of c
Spandidos DA; Zoumpourlis V; Kotsinas A; Maurer HR; Patsilinacos P; Institute of Biological Research and Biotechnology, National; Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece.
We constructed a recombinant plasmid, pBHIV1 carrying the long terminal repeat (LTR) of the human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1), linked to the chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) gene plasmid. Plasmid pBHIV1 also contains the aminoglycoside phosphotransferase gene as a selectable marker. We introduced pBHIV1 i
Forrester DA; University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark.
Three variables were experimentally manipulated through simulation in six case study vignettes: AIDS-related risk factors (gay v. IVDU), medical diagnosis (AIDS v. non-AIDS), and DNR orders (DNR order v. no DNR order). Following each vignette, the same 13-item, 6-point Likert-type Aggressiveness of Nursing Care Scale
Ismail SO; Ahmed HJ; Grillner L; Hederstedt B; Issa A; Bygdeman SM; Karolinska Institute, Department of Clinical Bacteriology,; Huddinge Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
The prevalence of viral and bacterial sexually transmitted diseases were studied in 101 men attending a dermatovenereal outpatient clinic in Mogadishu. A control group of 103 healthy adult men were included for the serological part of the study. Serological markers of hepatitis B virus (HBV), human immunodeficiency vi
Moi H; Department of Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Orebro Medical; Center Hospital, Sweden.
In an epidemiological survey of 2128 women attending a sexually transmitted diseases clinic for the first time and 200 attending two primary health clinics, 26% and 27% respectively were found to have bacterial vaginosis. The prevalence increased significantly with age, being diagnosed in 22.8% (326/1431) of women age
De Clercq E; Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit; Leuven, Belgium.
Phosphonylmethoxyalkylpurines and -pyrimidines offer great promise for both topical and systemic treatment of various DNA virus and retrovirus infections: HPMPA for the treatment of adeno-, herpes- and poxvirus infections, HPMPC for the treatment of herpesvirus (in particular
Med Microbiol Immunol (Berl). 1990;179(6):307-21. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91238638
Biesert L; Adamski M; Zimmer G; Suhartono H; Fuchs J; Unkelbach U; Mehlhorn RJ; Hideg K; Milbradt R; Rubsamen-Waigmann H; Chemotherapeutisches Forschungsinstitut Georg-Speyer-Haus,; Frankfurt, Federal Republic of Germany.
The polysulfated polyxylan HOE/BAY946, which has been tested in two pilot studies in ARC/AIDS patients and in asymptomatic HIV carries in Germany , was believed to act by inhibiting virus attachment to the cell. However, the drug was also found to reduce the amount of HIV particles
Novotney C; English RV; Housman J; Davidson MG; Nasisse MP; Jeng CR; Davis WC; Tompkins MB; Department of Companion Animal and Special Species Medicine,; College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University,; Raleigh 27606.
Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) is associated with feline acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (FAIDS) and has been suggested as a model for HIV-induced human AIDS. The most obvious immunological defect in HIV infection is a reduction in CD4+ cell numbers and an inversion of the CD4:CD8 ratio. To determine whether t
Lisse IM; Poulsen AG; Aaby P; Normark M; Kvinesdal B; Dias F; Molbak K; Knudsen K; Department of Pathology, Hvidovre Hospital, Denmark.
In a community study in Guinea-Bissau , West Africa, 47 HIV-2-seropositive cases and 87 matched controls were evaluated immunologically using immuno-alkaline phosphatase linked to avidin-biotin complex for the assessment of CD4 and CD8 status. HIV-2-seropositive individuals had sig
Scott G; Piaggesi A; Ewing DJ; Department of Genito-Urinary Medicine, Royal Infirmary,; Edinburgh, Scotland, UK.
Cardiovascular autonomic function tests were carried out on 22 men at varying stages of HIV infection. Thirteen were asymptomatic, seven had persistent generalized lymphadenopathy, and two had Kaposi s sarcoma. Pupil cycle times were also measured. Except for one subject with definite autonomic abnormalities, all the
Nozaki-Renard J; Iino T; Sato Y; Marumoto Y; Ohta G; Furusawa M; Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Medical College, Japan.
HIV-1 infection of human CD4+ lymphocyte cell lines results in cell death. Treatment, but not pretreatment, of infected cells, with a fluoroquinolone antibiotic, DR-3355, protects a significant subfraction of cells from HIV-1-mediated cytolysis. All surviving cells have lost expression of the CD4 antigen, but do (MT-4
Kuroda Y; Takashima H; Department of Internal Medicine, Saga Medical School, Japan.
In order to assess in vivo cell-mediated immune functions in HTLV-I-associated myelopathy (HAM), we immunized 18 HAM patients with dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB). Of 18 patients, the skin reaction to DNCB was negative in 15. All those 15 patients also showed anergy to PPD-tuberculin and 9 of 15 patients had a persistent
Li Q; Sugimoto M; Imamura F; Matsushita T; Araki S; Department of Hygiene, Kagoshima University Faculty of Medicine,; Japan.
Ten patients with human T lymphotropic virus type I-associated myelopathy (HAM), 5 asymptomatic HTLV-I carriers and 11 healthy normal volunteers were studied to determine if peripheral blood lymphocytes spontaneously release IL-2 and soluble IL-2 receptors. Peripheral
AIDS Care. 1990;2(4):359-61. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91215029
Gill SK; University College and Middlesex Schools of Medicine, Middlesex; Hospital, London, UK.
The main messages from the Conference this year were that our management of opportunistic infections is improving with increasing therapeutic options available and better guidelines as to when to start treatment and prophylaxis. Since the first cases of the epidemic were reported in 1981 new drugs have been licensed,
AIDS Care. 1990;2(4):421-4. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91215043
McCann K; Institute for Social Studies in Medical Care, Hampstead, London,; UK.
As the numbers of people with HIV infection increase the favoured option for care in the future is to increase community and home care. Without doubt also the statutory services have recognized the need to make prevention, educational and care services sensitive and appropriate to the client group they aim to serve an
Plettenberg A; Reisinger E; Lenzner U; Listemann H; Ernst M; Kern P; Dietrich M; Meigel W; St. Georg General Hospital, Department of Dermatology, Hamburg,; Germany.
In a prospective study, 29 patients were observed over a period of 42 weeks for signs of oral candidosis (OC), immunological parameters and other typical AIDS-related events. Before the study started, no OC was observed in any of the patients. During the observation period, OC was diagnosed in 12 of the 29 patients (4
Haneke E; Department of Dermatology, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Klinikum,; Elberfeld, Germany.
Onychomycoses represent the most frequently seen nail diseases and are the most difficult to treat of all skin mycoses. They are rare in children and increase in incidence with age. Most cases are caused by dermatophytes, in particular by Trichophyton rubrum, less frequently by T mentagrophytes and Epidermophyton floc
Teshima G; Porter J; Yim K; Ling V; Guzzetta A; Department of Medicinal and Analytical Chemistry, Genentech,; Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080.
High-performance cation-exchange chromatography of recombinant soluble CD4 (rCD4) allowed the resolution of four charge variants. This charge heterogeneity could be eliminated by neuraminidase treatment of rCD4 and therefore can be attributed to different degrees of sialylation of the carbohydrate portion of this glyc
Mehta JB; Dutt A; Harvill L; Mathews KM; Department of Internal Medicine, James H. Quillen College of; Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City; 37614-0002.
To study the changes in the epidemiology of extrapulmonary tuberculosis in Tennessee, we compared the 454 cases of extrapulmonary tuberculosis reported between 1977 and 1981 with 356 cases encountered between 1982 and 1986. The data were analyzed by age, sex, race and site of the disease which were compared with the n
Ilowite JS; Baskin MI; Sheetz MS; Abd AG; Pulmonary Division, St. Luke's/Roosevelt Hospital Center, New; York.
Aerosolized pentamidine has gained acceptance as a form of treatment for the prevention of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. However, different studies have used different delivery systems, making comparison of results difficult. This study was designed to determine the dose to the lung, regional distribution, extrapulm
Corbeau P; Olive D; Devaux C; CRBM du CNRS, Centre de Tri des molecules anti-HIV, Montpellier,; France.
We have examined the capacity of monoclonal antibodies (mAb) specific for HLA class I heavy chain to interfere with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replicative cycle in human T cells. Among six anti-HLA class I heavy chain-specific mAb assayed, two mAb, RL4-24-6 and W6/32, were able to delay HIV1 and HIV2 cytop
Heise C; Dandekar S; Kumar P; Duplantier R; Donovan RM; Halsted CH; Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis.
Intestinal malabsorption is a recognized cause of malnutrition in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. However, the relationships among human immunodeficiency virus infection, morphological changes in the intestine, and development of intestinal malabsorption are not well established. Nine patients inf
Kunzel C; Sadowsky D; Department of Dentistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine,; Bronx, N.Y. 10461.
A stratified random sample of 1,351 general practitioners in the continental United States was surveyed to determine dentists attitudes relevant to treating AIDS/HIV+ patients and knowledge regarding the transmission of HIV infection. Survey results were analyzed nationally and by pra
Wilson KM; Gerometta M; Rylatt DB; Bundesen PG; McPhee DA; Hillyard CJ; Kemp BE; St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria,; Australia.
A rapid whole blood test has been developed for circulating antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), based on agglutination of autologous red blood cells. Evaluation of the test revealed that 100% of seropositive HIV-1 patients (both asymptomatic and AIDS cases) were detected (n = 94) with a specific
Dromer F; Charreire J; Autoimmune Diseases Research Unit, National Institute of Health; and Medical Research (INSERM), Cochin Hospital, Paris, France.
Current therapy of cryptococcosis is unsatisfactory, particularly in patients with AIDS. Experimental cryptococcosis models in DBA/2 mice were used to determine whether the murine monoclonal anticryptococcal antibody (designated E1) might potentiate the chemotherapeutic effect of amphotericin B (AmB). According to the
Bodsworth NJ; Cooper DA; Donovan B; Department of Public Health, University of Sydney, Australia.
To assess the influence of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection on the natural history of acute hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, a study was undertaken of the clinical records of all 77 homosexual men with documented seroconversion to anti-hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc) between visits to eithe
Hirsch VM; Zack PM; Vogel AP; Johnson PR; Department of Microbiology, Georgetown University, Maryland.
Four simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected macaques in the terminal stages of AIDS were studied. Easily detectable unintegrated proviral DNA was present in nearly every tissue (lymphoid and nonlymphoid) examined. SIV-specific immunohistochemistry revealed that macrophages or macrophage-like cells were the predo
Colmenero C; Gamallo C; Pintado V; Patron M; Sierra I; Valencia E; Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, La Paz General Hospital,; Universidad Autonoma, Madrid, Spain.
Six new cases of non-Hodgkin s lymphoma (NHL), primarily located in the oral cavity, in patients infected by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), are presented. They all had a voluminous fungous tumoral mass, that extended from the gingiva to the buccal vestibule or palate. All
Turnbull O; Saling MM; Kaplan-Solms K; Cohn R; Schoub B; University of the Witwatersrad, School of Psychology,; Johannesburg, South Africa.
Neuropsychological impairment is widely accepted as being common in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) but infrequent in asymptomatic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals. The neuropsychological function of a homogenous sample of HIV-infected haemophiliacs was investigated. Neuropsychological
Ahmed AE; Jacob S; Loh JP; Samra SK; Nokta M; Pollard RB; Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch,; Galveston 77550.
Azidothymidine ( AZT ) is the only approved drug for treatment of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome caused by human immunodeficiency virus. The drug is known to be metabolized by mammalian systems. The objectives of this study were: 1) to investigate t
J Med Microbiol. 1991 Apr;34(4):225-31. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91211120
Hellyer TJ; Brown IN; Dale JW; Easmon CS; Department of Medical Microbiology, St Mary's Hospital Medical; School, London.
One hundred and forty-seven isolates (128 strains) of Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare (MAI) were screened by agarose gel electrophoresis for the presence of plasmids. Plasmids were characterised according to size and by Southern hybridisation analysis of intact and restriction endonuclease-digested DNA. Two cloned
In 1961, the Eye Bank Association of America (EBAA) was developed to promote universal standards for the procurement of eye tissue. Over the last 30 years, the EBAA has had to change its original guidelines to include medical standards, technical personnel, updates in serology testing, and public relations. Certified
Med Care. 1991 May;29(5):399-407. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91211431
Montgomery K; Lewis CE; Kirchgraber P; Graduate School of Management, University of California,; Riverside 92521-0203.
This study responds to a Centers for Disease Control request to develop innovative case-finding methods and asks two questions: 1) Will men participate in an anonymous telephone interview containing detailed questions about their sexual practices to enable screening for HIV-related risk? 2) Will individuals told they
N Engl J Med. 1991 May 16;324(20):1412-6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91211689
Moore RD; Hidalgo J; Sugland BW; Chaisson RE; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Health; and Mental Hygiene, Baltimore, MD.
BACKGROUND AND METHODS: We sought to describe the trends in survival from 1983 to 1989 among persons with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and to examine the relative effects on the natural history of AIDS of zidovudine use and demographic and clinical characteristics. This longitudinal, observational, po
Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. 1991 Mar 9;135(10):424-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91211721
de Jong MD; Lange JM; Smits NJ; Reiss P; Afd. Interne Geneeskunde, Academisch Medisch Centrum, Amsterdam.
Since the introduction of aerosolised pentamidine for prophylaxis against Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) in HIV-seropositive persons and patients with AIDS, an increasing number of cases of atypical manifestations of infection with Pneumocystis carinii have been reported in the Unite
N Z Med J. 1991 Feb 27;104(906):57-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91212001
Hutchinson DO; Anderson NE; Ingram RJ; Thomas MG; Ellis-Pegler RB; Bremner DA; Parr DH; Department of Neurology, Auckland Hospital.
Twenty-six patients with cryptococcal meningitis were seen in Auckland between 1969 and 1989. The incidence of cryptococcal meningitis in Auckland residents was 0.12 cases/100,000/year. Ten (38%) of the patients were Maori or Pacific Island Polynesians. Nineteen (73%) had a predisposing cause, including immunosuppress
Conviser R; Grant CM; Coye MJ; Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland.
This study examines all acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) hospitalizations during 1987 for children younger than 13 years of age in New Jersey, with the AIDS diagnosis confirmed through a match with the state AIDS Registry. Days of hospitalization and cost for 318 admissions and annual utilization measures for
Mod Pathol. 1991 Jan;4(1):24-30. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91212351
Osborne BM; Butler JJ; Department of Pathology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer; Center, Houston.
In older persons, the humoral immune response, as reflected morphologically by proliferation and expansion of germinal centers, is relatively subdued in comparison with the florid reactive follicular hyperplasia (RFH) which may be observed in younger age groups. The presence of RFH in lymph node biopsies in patients 6
Machado IV; Deibis L; Zabaleta M; Toro FI; Marino V; Ramirez JL; DePerez FE; Bianco NE; Clinical Immunology National Center, Venezuelan Health Ministry,; Central University.
HDV infectivity particularly related to sexual activity has been difficult to establish. We investigated the prevalence of HDV in a high risk urban male population currently evaluated for HIV infection. Fourth-eight homosexual or bisexual men (96% positive for HIV) being routinely followed in the outpatient clinic, 40
Govindarajan S; Cassidy WM; Valinluck B; Redeker AG; University of Southern California School of Medicine, Liver Unit,; Rancho Los Amigos Medical Center, Downey.
From this study, we can conclude that there is significant influence of HIV infection on the clinical course of chronic HDV as follows: In these patients, there is simultaneous replication of both HBV and HDV and the suppression of HBV by HDV is modified. There is decreased antibody response to HDV, however, the degre
S Afr Med J. 1991 Apr 20;79(8):496-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91213057
Marks AS; Downes GM; Graduate School of Business, University of Cape Town.
Shopkeepers at 88 informal sector shops in the black township of Khayelitsha were interviewed to explore whether such shops should be considered as venues for the dissemination of AIDS prevention information and condoms through social marketing programmes. The existence of a variety of media and interpersonal informat
Am J Med Sci. 1991 May;301(5):329-30. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91213925
Grum EE; Schwab R; Margolis ML; Department of Medicine, Medical College of Pennsylvania, VA; Medical Center, Philadelphia 19104.
The authors report a case in which a small cryptococcal pleural effusion preceded the development of severe cryptococcal meningitis in an HIV-positive patient. The appearance of an isolated transient pleural effusion is a very unusual presentation for AIDS-related complications. The authors suggest that cryptococcal i
Am J Ophthalmol. 1991 May 15;111(5):601-10. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91213941
Engstrom RE Jr; Holland GN; Nussenblatt RB; Jabs DA; UCLA Ocular Inflammatory Disease Center, Jules Stein Eye; Institute 90024-7003.
To determine current practices in the management of ocular toxoplasmosis, 72 of 85 uveitis specialists (85%) in the American Uveitis Society completed a detailed questionnaire. Questions involved the indications for beginning treatment, choice of antiparasitic/antimicrobial agents, and experience with treatment of ocu
Garcia LW; Hemphill RB; Marasco WA; Ciano PS; Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Hospital, Boston, Mass.; 02215.
Encephalitis due to the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii has emerged as a common cause of central nervous system disease in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Extraneural disease is less common and more difficult to diagnose. We report a case of widely disseminated toxoplasmosis that presented as acute gastr
Hayes MM; Wear DJ; Lo SC; Department of Infectious and Parasitic Disease Pathology, Armed; Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington, DC 20306-6000.
Mycoplasma fermentans (incognitus strain) has recently been recognized as a possible infectious pathogen in humans. This mycoplasma is associated with an acute fatal disease in previously healthy patients who do not have the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Many patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
The practicing nurse in today s health care system will be caring for many AIDS-affected patients. To make appropriate care decisions and disseminate facts about the disease process to co-workers, patients, and the public, the nurse needs to be knowledgeable about more than just the prevention and transmission precaut
Biochemistry. 1991 May 7;30(18):4521-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91214997
Reed J; Kinzel V; Institute of Experimental Pathology, Deutsches; Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, FRG.
A 15-residue region within the CD4-binding domain of gp120 from HIV I was identified with use of folding algorithms as conserving the potential for forming a particular secondary structure throughout 11 sequenced HIV strains. The region chosen has a potential for forming both beta-sheet and alpha-helix; the helical fo
Klee H; Faugier J; Hayes C; Morris J; Faculty of Community Studies, Manchester Polytechnic, United; Kingdom.
Three groups of injecting drug-users were defined in terms of their experience of methadone treatment: treatment for periods longer than 6 months, treatment for shorter periods, and no treatment. Methadone treatment and the use of needle exchanges were related in subsequent analysis to the sharing of injecting equipme
Sperner-Unterweger B; Fuchs D; Fleischhacker WW; Hausen A; Miller C; Most J; Reibnegger G; Werner ER; Dierich M; Wachter H; et al; Department of Psychiatry, Innsbruck University Clinics, Austria.
In 1985 a high HIV-seroprevalence (44.2%) was found in a cohort of parenteral drug addicted prisoners in Innsbruck, Austria . In a longitudinal study from March 1985 to March 1989 we investigated the epidemiology of HIV-infection as well as possible changes in the drug taking behav
Cancer Res. 1991 May 15;51(10):2670-6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91215606
Thompson EW; Nakamura S; Shima TB; Melchiori A; Martin GR; Salahuddin SZ; Gallo RC; Albini A; Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Anomalies, National; Institute of Dental Research, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.
Kaposi s sarcoma (KS) in general, and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related KS (AIDS-KS) in particular, is a highly invasive and intensely angiogenic neoplasm of unknown cellular origin. We have recently established AIDS-KS cells in long term culture and reported the development of KS-like lesions in nude mice in
Fuente C; Velez A; Martin N; Belinchon I; Sanchez Yus E; Sanchez de Paz F; Department of Dermatology, Hospital Clinico San Carlos, Facultad; de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.
The concurrence of Reiter s syndrome and human immunodeficiency virus infection has recently been noted. In this report the evolution of Reiter s syndrome (arthritis, urethritis, and conjunctivitis) in a patient with a history of intravenous drug abuse and positive results of serologic tests for human immunodeficiency
More than 16,000 citations related to AIDS and HIV infection between May 1987 and June 1990 (38 months) were surveyed to summarize nursing research related to HIV infection; 731 nonresearch and 54 research articles, averaging about 20/month, were found. However, only 20 of the research articles addressed the five topi
Indian J Med Res. 1991 Jan;93:12-4. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91216581
Singh YN; Bhargava M; Malaviya AN; Tripathy SP; Kakkar A; Khare SD; Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences,; New Delhi.
A total of 124 Indian patients with haemophilia and 185 multiple transfused patients with thalassaemia, haemoglobinopathies, patients on chronic haemodialysis and others were screened for HIV-1 infection by a commercially available competitive ELISA test and supplementary Western Blot (WB) test. The results showed tha
Indian J Med Res. 1991 Jan;93:15-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91216582
Tripathy SP; Malaviya AN; Singh YN; Chaudhuri K; Varghese T; Seth P; Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences,; New Delhi.
In a screening of 182 vials of various commercially available blood products in the Indian market, 32 (17%) were found to contain HIV-1 antibodies. The contamination with HIV-1 antibodies was detected in all types of blood products including immunoglobulin preparations, cryoprecipitates as well as albumin. Interesting
Aboulafia DM; Mitsuyasu RT; Division of Hematology-Oncology, UCLA AIDS Clinical Research; Center.
The hematologic manifestations of HIV infection include morphologic abnormalities of peripheral blood and bone marrow changes. Laboratory abnormalities, including measures of coagulation, serum vitamin B12 levels, and positive Coombs s test, are seen with HIV infection and may not carry the same clinical consequence a
Zunich KM; Lane HC; Transplantation Section, National Institute of Allergy and; Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda,; Maryland.
The progressive decline in the number and function of circulating CD4+ T lymphocytes remains the most characteristic immunologic abnormality found in persons infected with HIV. With the CD4+ cell as the central element in the immunologic cascade of events involved in antigen recognition and host defense, loss of norma
Stricker RB; Division of Immunotherapy, Children's Hospital of San Francisco,; California.
Hemostatic abnormalities are prominent and enigmatic features of HIV infection. In the foregoing discussion, many questions have been raised about the pathogenesis and treatment of HIV-related ITP, TTP, and ACA. The mechanism of platelet destruction in HIV-infected patients remains poorly defined, and the way in which
Miles SA; Golde DW; Mitsuyasu RT; Division of Hematology-Oncology, UCLA AIDS Clinical Research; Center, UCLA School of Medicine.
Three hematopoietic stimulants have been used in patients with HIV infection and a variety of AIDS-related complications. Both G-CSF and GM-CSF have demonstrated the ability to correct leukopenia related to HIV infection and ameliorate the drug-related myelosuppressive effects of zidovudine, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxaz
Ensoli B; Barillari G; Gallo RC; Laboratory of Tumor Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute,; National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
Kaposi s sarcoma (KS) is a mesenchymal tumor of unclear etiopathogenesis. The epidemic form of KS occurs in up to 30% of HIV-infected individuals with lesions that have mixed cellularity, spindle cell proliferation, and neoangiogenesis. Although not completely defined, the spindle cells, thought to be the tumor cells
Northfelt DW; Kahn JO; Volberding PA; Division of AIDS Activities/Oncology, San Francisco General; Hospital, California.
Kaposi s sarcoma (KS) is the most common malignancy seen in association with AIDS. Important epidemiologic trends in the occurrence of AIDS-associated Kaposi s sarcoma (AIDS-KS) have been identified, and the molecular processes associated with the development of KS are being studied intensively. It is hoped that these
Shiramizu B; McGrath MS; Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San; Francisco.
The pathogenesis of non-Hodgkin s lymphoma (NHL) in HIV-infected individuals is currently poorly understood; however, recent molecular studies have subdivided these lymphomas into distinct molecular pathologic entities. Similar to endemic and sporadic Burkitt s lymphoma, monoclonal
Levine AM; University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los; Angeles.
Although primary central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma was considered part of the spectrum of AIDS from the outset, systemic non-Hodgkin s lymphoma is considered a rather late manifestation of HIV infection. Any group at risk for AIDS may develop HIV-related lymphoma, and the chara
Ames ED; Conjalka MS; Goldberg AF; Hirschman R; Jain S; Distenfeld A; Metroka CE; Department of Pathology, St. Luke's/Roosevelt Hospital Center,; New York, New York.
Despite numerous reports suggesting an association of Hodgkin s disease (HD) with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), HD in an individual seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) still is not considered a criterion for the diagnosis of AIDS. The authors report 23 new cases of HD in individual
At least two different types of proteins, NF-kappa B/KBF1 and HIV-EP1/PRDII-BF1/MBP-1, which are members of a family of rel oncoproteins and metal-finger proteins, respectively, bind to the human immunodeficiency virus type (HIV-1) enhancer. As a new member of a HIV-EP1 family that is expressed at a high level in T ce
Terai C; Kornbluth RS; Pauza CD; Richman DD; Carson DA; Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La; Jolla 92093.
The mechanisms by which HIV-1 infection kills T lymphocytes are not clearly established. Apoptosis is an internally programmed cell death pathway that may regulate both T cell development and senescence, and that is characterized by cleavage of DNA at internucleosomal regions. The present experiments show that acute H
Dodd CL; Greenspan D; Greenspan JS; Department of Stomatology and Oral AIDS Center, University of; California, San Francisco.
Although Kaposi s sarcoma has been well described in homosexual men at risk for infection with the human immunodeficiency virus, there have been fewer reports of KS in women, and most of these have been in women who became infected with HIV through intravenous drug use. This report describes a woman who had no history
Frost JC; Makadon HJ; Judd D; Lee S; O'Neill SF; Paulsen R; Healthcare Associates, Beth Israel Hospital, Boston,; Massachusetts.
OBJECTIVE: To assess the types of stress experienced by health care personnel caring for AIDS patients and to develop ways to reduce that stress. DESIGN: A multidisciplinary support group for AIDS caregivers met weekly for three months, providing a context for the meaningful expression of personal and professional con
Reddy MM; Grieco MH; R.A. Cooke Institute of Allergy, St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital; Center, New York, New York 10019.
To determine changes in subsets of CD4 and CD8 in relation to HIV infection and progression to AIDS, we quantitated peripheral blood lymphocytes obtained from 17 heterosexual controls, 22 asymptomatic HIV-seronegative and 18 HIV-seropositive intravenous drug users. 50 patients with AIDS-related complex (ARC), and 9 pa
Olsen HS; Beidas S; Dillon P; Rosen CA; Cochrane AW; Department of Molecular Oncology and Virology, Roche Research; Center, Nutley, New Jersey 07110-1199.
The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Rev protein is a positive posttranscriptional regulator of viral structural gene expression and essential for virus replication. Rev mediates its effects through interaction with an RNA target sequence, the Rev responsive element (RRE), present within the env mRNA. Previ
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is characterized by a progressive impairment in immunocompetence leading to severe opportunistic infections and malignancies. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled study, the potential impact of immunomodulation by oral ranitidine, 600 mg daily, for 28 days was studied in 1
Sorvillo FJ; Lieb LE; Waterman SH; County of Los Angeles Department of Health Services, Public; Health Programs and Services, CA 90012.
The incidence and characteristics of campylobacteriosis among patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) in Los Angeles County were assessed by matching the Campylobacter and AIDS surveillance reporting registries for the years 1983-1987. Campylobacter infection was reported in 29 (0.7%) of 4,433 AIDS ca
Decker CF; Parenti DM; Department of Medicine, George Washington University Medical; Center, Washington, D.C. 20037.
Two cases of invasive aspergillosis in AIDS patients are reported and previously reported AIDS-related cases are reviewed. Only one-half of all cases were diagnosed antemortem. Outcome is poor despite antifungal and surgical therapy. Normal phagocytic function is important in host defense against Aspergillus species.
Salmaso S; Conti S; Sasse H; Laboratorio di Epidemiologia e Biostatistica, Istituto Superiore; di Sanita, Rome, Italy.
A cross-sectional study was carried out in October 1988 among clients of public health centers in Italy that provide assistance for drug dependency. In addition to estimating the frequency of HIV-1 infection and of risk factors related to drug use, the study estimated the temporal g
Izazola-Licea JA; Valdespino-Gomez JL; Gortmaker SL; Townsend J; Becker J; Palacios-Martinez M; Mueller NE; Sepulveda Amor J; Ministry of Health, Mexico City, Mexico.
We report on the epidemiology of sexual behaviors, HIV-1 seroprevalence, and condom use in gay and bisexual men in six Mexican cities in 1988 and test the extent to which variations in sexual behavior and sociological risks are responsible for variations in prevalence. Seroprevalence rates among samples in six cities
Hendry RM; Parks DE; Mello DL; Quinnan GV; Castro BG; Laboratory of Retrovirus Research, Food and Drug Administration,; Bethesda, Maryland.
Recent reports have indicated the possibility that HIV-2 has been introduced into groups at risk for AIDS in Brazil . We studied sera collected in 1987 and 1988 from 1,821 at-risk individuals from diverse regions in Brazil. Of the 1,821 sera, 367 (20%) were confirmed as being positi
Di Giovanni C Jr; Berlin F; Casterella P; Redfield RR; Hiken M; Falck A; Malin HM; Gagliano S; Schaerf F; Roberts C; Retroviral Diseases Study Group, National Naval Medical Center,; Bethesda, MD 20814-5000.
Serum specimens from 77 paraphilic sex offenders in treatment at a major community-based sexual disorders clinic were examined for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. In addition to their paraphilic (sexually deviant) activities, most patients had also had nonparaphilic sexual contacts with consenting adult
Edelstein H; McCabe R; Medical Service, VA Medical Center, Martinez, CA 94553.
A 52-year-old intravenous drug user, seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus, developed Candida albicans fungemia and septic phlebitis due to an infected peripheral plastic intravenous catheter. Amphotericin B produced quick resolution of fungemia and systemic toxicity, but in the midst of treatment, after 647 m
Eguchi K; Aoyagi T; Nakashima M; Migita K; Kawakami A; Tsukasaki K; Mine M; Maeda K; Nagataki S; First Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University School; of Medicine, Japan.
A 60-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with symmetrical arthritis of the knees. During the 2 years preceding admission, she had experienced recurrent arthritis. A histological examination of her synovial tissue showed prominent villous proliferation of the synovial cells, prominent vascularity throughout and
Gerster JC; Camus JP; Chave JP; Koeger AC; Rappoport G; Rheumatology and Rehabilitation Center, Department of Medicine,; CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland.
We describe avascular necrosis at multiple sites in 2 young adults. This is a condition rarely seen except in hypercortisonism or hemoglobinopathies. In one case, it occurred in the first trimester of pregnancy. No obvious cause of osteonecrosis could be found but both patients were infected by the HIV. The role of th
J Natl Cancer Inst. 1991 May 15;83(10):695-701. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91218188
Gail MH; Pluda JM; Rabkin CS; Biggar RJ; Goedert JJ; Horm JW; Sondik EJ; Yarchoan R; Broder S; Division of Cancer Etiology, National Cancer Institute, National; Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.
Advances in antiretroviral therapy and treatment or prophylaxis against opportunistic infection have resulted in prolongation of the survival of patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Previous research has demonstrated an association between AIDS and risk of non-Hodgk
Bialasiewicz AA; Dommer S; Augenklinik mit Poliklinik, Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat; Erlangen-Nurnberg.
Intraocular inflammations as chief manifestation of a T. pallidum infection associated with stage II syphilis are rarely documented in the recent literature. We report on a 35 year old patient with bilateral choroiditis, retinal vasculitis and papillitis persisting retrospectively since he had received some medication
Lee BT; Lefor AT; Didolkar MS; Department of Surgery, University of Maryland, Baltimore.
A variety of malignancies, including hematologic malignancies, Kaposi s sarcoma, as well as adenocarcinomas and squamous cell carcinoma have been reported in association with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Tumors of the umbilical area are unusual and can represent lesions of urachal origin. These may require ext
Although occupational transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other bloodborne pathogens to health-care workers from patients has been well documented, data on HIV seroprevalence in health-care workers are limited. This report summarizes preliminary findings from a voluntary, anonymous HIV serosurvey am
The gene for the CD4-membrane glycoprotein-receptor for HIV has been cloned. The 179 amino acids fragment of the CD4-receptor responsible for binding of gp120 HIV glycoprotein has been fused with beta-galactosidase and shown to be expressed in Escherichia coli cells. The recombinant protein in ELISA and immunoblotting
Bachelerie F; Alcami J; Arenzana-Seisdedos F; Virelizier JL; Unite d'Immunologie Virale, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
Permissiveness to replication of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) differs in T lymphocytes and macrophages. In T cells, HIV transcription is poorly detected in vivo. Cloned, normal T lymphocytes show very little, if any, basal activity of the HIV enhancer and low nuclear expression of NF-kappa B, a potent transcript
Schanzer MC; Font RL; O'Malley RE; Southern Eye Associates, Memphis.
A 42-year-old man who was human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive complained of floaters in his right eye, which had existed for 1 week, followed by loss of central vision. Results of ophthalmoscopic examination disclosed confluent yellowish-white retinochoroidal infiltrates with perivascular sheathing, which were
Gallo JM; Etse JT; Doshi KJ; Boudinot FD; Chu CK; Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of; Georgia, Athens 30602.
Brain delivery of active anti-HIV compounds is important for successful treatment of the AIDS patient. As an initial step in predicting human brain drug concentrations, hybrid pharmacokinetic models were developed to characterize the disposition of anti-HIV nucleosides following parent and prodrug administrations in m
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 May 1;88(9):3987-91. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91219497
Owens RJ; Dubay JW; Hunter E; Compans RW; Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama, Birmingham; 35294.
In polarized epithelial cells, the release of enveloped viruses by budding at the cell surface is restricted to a specific cell membrane domain, either the apical or basolateral domain. To investigate the role of the envelope glycoprotein and the capsid proteins of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in determ
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 May 1;88(9):4045-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91219509
Feinberg MB; Baltimore D; Frankel AD; Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Nine Cambridge; Center, MA 02142.
The mechanism of Tat transactivation was studied by treating cell lines containing Tat-defective viruses with purified Tat protein. These cell lines constitutively produce very low levels of virus in the absence of Tat, as measured by p24 antigen levels. Virus production can be increased greater than 30,000-fold by ad
S Afr Med J. 1991 May 4;79(9):529-32. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91220232
Friedland IR; Department of Paediatrics, Baragwanath Hospital, Johannesburg.
Seventy-five doctors working in an academic paediatric department each completed an anonymous self-administered questionnaire. Questions were posed relating to the need for consent before human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing and the informing of sexual partners of HIV-infected mothers. Only 9% of the doctors tho
Thromb Haemost. 1991 Jan 23;65(1):7-10. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91220292
Madhok R; Gracie JA; Forbes CD; Lowe GD; University Department of Medicine, Glasgow Royal Infirmary,; Scotland.
56 haemophiliacs selected on the basis of HIV-1 antibody status, liver disease grade and mean annual dose of clotting factor concentrate used were studied. Spontaneous and stimulated IgG and IgM production in vitro were measured. HIV-1 infection was associated with increased spontaneous immunoglobulin production and a
Paine E; Garcia J; Philpott TC; Shaw G; Ratner L; Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis,; Missouri 63110.
Nucleotide sequences were determined from the env genes of three HTLV-I clones derived from two North American patients and one African patient with adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL). In addition, sequences from the pX region, between env and the 3 LTR, were determined from one of these isolates. These data were c
Unger RE; Stout MW; Luciw PA; School of Medicine, Department of Medical Pathology, University; of California, Davis 95616.
The simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) is a T-lymphotropic lentivirus associated with a fatal AIDS-like disease in rhesus macaques. SIV has a complex genome encoding virion structural proteins, transactivators, and accessory genes. From lymphoid cells chronically infected with a biologically active molecular clone of
Fomsgaard A; Hirsch VM; Allan JS; Johnson PR; Department of Microbiology, Georgetown University, Rockville,; Maryland.
Simian immunodeficiency viruses from African green monkeys (SIVagm) are the most genetically heterogeneous type of non-human primate lentivirus. To further examine the extent of genetic divergence within the SIVagm type, we generated and sequenced a biologically active proviral DNA clone representing a lentivirus isol
De BK; Lairmore MD; Griffis K; Williams LJ; Villinger F; Quinn TC; Brown C; Nzilambi; Sugimoto M; Araki S; et al; Retrovirus Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta,; Georgia 30333.
Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) is associated with adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) and HTLV-I-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). The nucleotide sequences of 640 bp of the proviral genome (positions 5158-5797) derived from 11 HTLV-I-infected persons were analyzed using th
Saggioro D; Forino M; Chieco-Bianchi L; Institute of Oncology, University of Padova, Italy.
HTLV-I infection is characterized by low viremia and restricted viral expression. While the mechanisms regulating viral latency are poorly understood, it is believed that interactions between viral and host cellular factor(s) are involved. Several lines of evidence indicate that HTLV-I provirus may be methylated in pr
Maitra RK; Ahmad N; Holland SM; Venkatesan S; Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, National Institute of; Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health,; Bethesda, Maryland 20892.
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) NEF protein has been demonstrated to be a negative regulator of HIV-1 replication and HIV-1 LTR transcription under transient expression conditions. The difficulty of several laboratories to reproduce these findings led us to reexamine the role of NEF in HIV-1 provirus expre
Kamine J; Loewenstein P; Green M; Institute for Molecular Virology, St. Louis University School of; Medicine, Missouri 63110.
We have utilized a gel retardation assay to study the binding of chemically synthesized domains of the HIV-1 Tat protein to radiolabeled trans-activating response element (Tar) RNA. As with recombinant Tat protein, synthetic Tat specifically binds to Tar RNA and not to a defective Tar RNA or to anti-sense Tar RNA. The
Barnett SW; Barboza A; Wilcox CM; Forsmark CE; Levy JA; Department of Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital,; University of California, School of Medicine 94143.
HIV-1 isolates were recovered from biopsy tissues from the small bowel, colon, and rectum of 10 infected individuals with severe diarrhea. In general, the bowel strains grew well in primary macrophage and lymphocyte cultures, not in T or B cell lines. They induced cytopathic effects such as syncytia formation and cell
Zimmermann K; Dobrovnik M; Ballaun C; Bevec D; Hauber J; Bohnlein E; SANDOZ Research Institute Vienna, Austria.
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) gene expression is regulated by viral and cellular factors interacting with cis-elements located in the retroviral long terminal repeat (LTR). In this report we analyzed HIV-1 LTR-specific regulatory sequences responsive to the HIV-1 Tat and HTLV-I Tax trans-activator protei
West J Med. 1991 Jan;154(1):40-2. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91220772
Jarvis JQ; Semiatin SL; Medical Program, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno.
We summarize information from three sets of epidemiologic data: the Nevada AIDS [acquired immunodeficiency syndrome] Surveillance System, which contains information about every case identified within the state boundaries through September 1989; the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seroprevalence reporting systems, w
Fuchs D; Reibnegger G; Werner ER; Vinazzer H; Wachter H; Institute of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of; Innsbruck, Austria.
Anaemia is a frequent complication in patients with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. We tested 14 children with severe haemophilia (9 HIV-1 antibody seropositive CDC stage IIA, 5 seronegative) for haemoglobin and urinary neopterin concentrations and found a negative correlation between neopterin
Phelps DS; Rose RM; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston,; Massachusetts.
Respiratory infection with Pneumocystis carinii (PC) is the most frequent serious opportunistic infection in the clinical setting of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The factors responsible for the predisposition of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients for PC infection are not fully understoo
Ann Intern Med. 1991 Jun 1;114(11):937-40. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91221416
Sattler FR; Ko R; Antoniskis D; Shields M; Cohen J; Nicoloff J; Leedom J; Koda R; University of Southern California, Los Angeles.
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether concurrent treatment with acetaminophen and zidovudine impairs clearance of zidovudine, thereby increasing the risk for zidovudine-induced hematologic toxicity. DESIGN: Dose escalation, drug interaction study. SETTING: University clinical research center. PATIENTS: Patients with the acq
Ann Intern Med. 1991 Jun 1;114(11):948-53. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91221418
Montaner JS; Lawson LM; Gervais A; Hyland RH; Chan CK; Falutz JM; Renzi PM; MacFadden D; Rachlis AR; Fong IW; et al; St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia.
OBJECTIVE: To assess the safety and efficacy of aerosol pentamidine for secondary prophylaxis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). PARTICIPANTS: Patients recovering from a first confirmed episode of AIDS-related P. carinii pneumonia who had no evidence of ei
Araujo FG; Huskinson J; Remington JS; Research Institute, Palo Alto Medical Foundation, California; 94301.
Compound 566C80, 2-[trans-4-(4-chlorophenyl)cyclohexyl]-3-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquino- ne, was studied for its in vitro and in vivo activities against Toxoplasma gondii. Replication within human foreskin fibroblasts of tachyzoites of seven different strains, five of them isolated from AIDS patients, was inhibited by conc
Viscoli C; Castagnola E; Fioredda F; Ciravegna B; Barigione G; Terragna A; First Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Genoa,; Italy.
Fluconazole, a new triazole derivative, was evaluated in a pilot study of 34 episodes of candidiasis in 24 children. All the patients had predisposing conditions, such as human immunodeficiency virus infection, cancer, organ or bone marrow transplantation, neonatal age and malnutrition, and obstructive uropathy. The d
Lombardo JM; Kloser PC; Pawel BR; Trost RC; Kapila R; St Louis ME; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University School of Medicine; and Dentistry-New Jersey Medical School.
From September 1988 to August 1989, in a university hospital in Newark, NJ, 3529 serum and plasma specimens from patients with admitting conditions presumably not associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection (Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Ga, Sentinel Hospital Surveillance System criteria) were
Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1991 Mar 29;175(3):784-94. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE GENBANK/M62482
Montgomery DS; Singh OM; Gray NM; Dykes CW; Weir MP; Hobden AN; Department of Genetics, Glaxo Group Research Ltd, Greenford,; Middlesex, United Kingdom.
The 99 residue human immunodeficiency virus type 1 proteinase has been expressed in Escherichia coli as part of an autocleaving fusion protein. Expression of the fusion protein is toxic to the host cells, however yields of the released proteinase have been improved by optimising induction nad harvest times to increase
Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1991 Mar 29;175(3):872-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91222196
Martin I; Defrise-Quertain F; Mandieau V; Nielsen NM; Saermark T; Burny A; Brasseur R; Ruysschaert JM; Vandenbranden M; Laboratoire de Chimie-Physique des Macromolecules aux; Interfaces, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium.
Peptides of 12, 16 and 24 amino acids length corresponding to the NH2 terminal sequence of SIV gp32 were synthesized. Fluorescence energy transfer studies have shown that those peptides can induce lipid mixing of SUV (Small Unilamellar Vesicles) of various compositions at pH 7.4 and 37 degrees C. LUV (Large Unilamella
A series of novel difluoroketones with low molecular weight (less than 600 m.u.) and which are potent inhibitors of the HIV-1 protease (IC50 = 1.0 to 21 nM) were synthesized. These compounds also exhibited antiviral activity by inhibition of the cytopathic effect of HIV-1(3)B in MT-4 cells in vitro.
Rauch RA; Jinkins JR; Department of Radiology, University of Texas Health Science; Center, San Antonio 78284.
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome has had a major impact on all aspects of clinical neuroscience in the past few years. Thus understanding acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and its associated complications within the nervous system was a major component of this review of the past year s radiologic literature of infe
Williams HC; Du Vivier AW; Department of Dermatology, King's College Hospital, London.
We report a case of a 34-year-old homosexual man who developed Reiter s disease with severe cutaneous and joint involvement shortly after he was diagnosed as having acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Therapy with potent topical steroids and oral methotrexate was ineffective, but etretinate at a dose of 0.75 mg
Can Med Assoc J. 1991 May 15;144(10):1265-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91223436
Tenenbaum HC; Mock D; Simor AE; Department of Dentistry, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ont.
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the presence of rapidly progressive periodontitis (RPP) in people at high risk for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) may be the first symptom of previously unrecognized human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. DESIGN: Case series. SETTING: Dental clinic. PATIENTS: Twenty pa
Cancer. 1991 Jun 1;67(11):2756-65. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91223454
Goldstein JD; Dickson DW; Moser FG; Hirschfeld AD; Freeman K; Llena JF; Kaplan B; Davis L; Department of Radiation Oncology, Montefiore Medical Center,; Bronx, New York.
Primary central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma occurs frequently in patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Seventeen patients with AIDS and biopsy-proven CNS lymphoma were treated with whole-brain radiation. At presentation, most patients were severely debilit
Cancer. 1991 Jun 1;67(11):2931-4. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91223483
Hair LS; Rogers JD; Chadburn A; Sisti MB; Knowles DM; Powers JM; Department of Pathology, Neuropathology and Hematopathology,; Columbia Presbyterian Hospital, College of Physicians and; Surgeons, New York, New York 10032.
Intracerebral involvement of Hodgkin s disease (HD) is rarely described, with only 42 cases in the literature. Since the outbreak of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic, there has been an increasing number of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected (HIV+) persons who have diffuse
Opravil M; Fierz W; Matter L; Blaser J; Luthy R; Department of Medicine, University Hospital, Zurich,; Switzerland.
Ten patients with symptomatic HIV infection (six with ARC, four with AIDS) received tetanus and 23-valent pneumococcal vaccination. Anti-tetanus IgG and IgM, and anti-pneumococcal IgG against all 23 capsular types of the vaccine were measured on days 0, 11, 17, 30, and 90. Anti-pneumococcal IgG were simultaneously det
Between July 1986 and May 1987 23 patients suffering from anal condylomata acuminata were treated at the University Hospital of Zurich. The influence of HIV-infection on the disease is described. An almost equal frequency of recurrencies between positives and negatives was observed in a three year follow-up time. Howe
Agur Z; Arnon R; Sandak B; Schechter B; Department of Applied Mathematics & Computer Science, Weizmann; Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
Zidovudine (azidothymidine, AZT ) toxicity to the bone marrow (BM) is a major hindrance to its widespread clinical application in the treatment of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). In this work we verify the prediction of a mathematical mo
Papaevangelou G; Roumeliotou A; Stergioy G; Nestoridou A; Trichopoulou E; Kallinikos G; Rizos G; Kornarou E; AIDS Reference Centre, Athens School of Hygiene, Greece.
In order to investigate the prevalence of HIV infection among Greek intravenous drug users (IVDU), its trend during years recent and possible risk factors, we studied 893 inmates recently admitted to the main prisons of Greece from
Eur Respir J. 1991 Jan;4(1):19-25. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91224293
Leach RM; Davidson AC; O'Doherty MJ; Nayagam M; Tang A; Bateman NT; Dept. of Medicine, UMDS St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK.
In a prospective study of 72 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive patients presenting with fever and breathlessness, a non-invasive management protocol, incorporating a scanning technique using radioactively labelled diethylenetriamine penta acetate (DTPA) and sputum induction, was found to be highly sensitive
Eur Respir J. 1991 Jan;4(1):94-102. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91224305
Semenzato G; Padua University School of Medicine, Dept of Clinical Medicine,; Italy.
This paper summarizes our research and the results obtained on the topic of immunology of interstitial lung disorders. Areas of investigation mainly included sarcoidosis, hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP), and more recently the pulmonary involvement in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). In sarcoidosis patients
FEBS Lett. 1991 Apr 22;282(1):157-60. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91224321
Armengaud J; de Nuova Perez L; Lemay P; Masson JM; Institut National des Sciences Appliquees, UA 544 du CNRS,; Toulouse, France.
A full length tat gene was constructed by a combination of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the first exon and chemical synthesis for the second exon. This gene was expressed in E. coli under the control of the strongly regulated araB promoter, either directly or fused to a secretion signal encoding sequence. We th
FEBS Lett. 1991 Apr 22;282(1):73-6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91224347
Konvalinka J; Blaha I; Skrabana R; Sedlacek J; Pichova I; Kapralek F; Kostka V; Strop P; Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czechoslovak; Academy of Science, Prague.
The subsite requirements of the aspartic proteinase from the myeloblastosis-associated virus (MAV) for the cleavage of peptide substrates were studied with a series of synthetic peptides of general structure Ala-Thr-P4-P3-P2-P1*Nph-Val-Arg-Lys-Ala. The residues in positions P4, P3, P2 and P1 were varied and the kineti
Kishore NS; Lu TB; Knoll LJ; Katoh A; Rudnick DA; Mehta PP; Devadas B; Huhn M; Atwood JL; Adams SP; et al; Monsanto Company, St. Louis, Missouri 63198.
We have explored the acyl-CoA substrate specificity of Saccharomyces cerevisiae myristoyl-CoA:protein N-myristoyltransferase (NMT) by synthesizing 81 fatty acid analogs and surveying their activity in a coupled in vitro assay containing Pseudomonas acyl-CoA synthetase and Escherichia coli-derived yeast NMT. Single oxy
The nonapeptide Val-Ser-Gln-Asn-Tyr-Pro-Ile-Val-Gln has been reported as a model substrate for an aspartyl protease produced by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1). Cleavage of this peptide at the Tyr-Pro linkage to produce tetra- and pentapeptide fragments is the basis of high-performance liquid chromatographic
Is it possible to generalize client responses to Rorschach stimuli to their responses to other stimuli in the life space? If so, can we interpret their responses without a formal administration? This paper explores the application of Exner-based Rorschach techniques to client verbalizations and writings. This explorat
Chiodo GT; Bullock WW; Creamer HR; Rosenstein DI; Department of Public Health Dentistry, School of Dentistry,; Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland 97201-3097.
J Immunol. 1991 May 15;146(10):3396-404. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91225476
Kalter DC; Greenhouse JJ; Orenstein JM; Schnittman SM; Gendelman HE; Meltzer MS; Henry M. Jackson Foundation, Rockville, MD 20850.
Several reports implicate Langerhans cells of skin as susceptible targets, reservoirs, and vectors for transmission of HIV: 1) numbers of Langerhans cells in skin of HIV-infected patients were decreased about 50% of that in control skin; 2) as many as 30% of Langerhans cells in the skin of HIV-infected patients were m
J Immunol. 1991 May 15;146(10):3508-12. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91225493
Winter CC; Carreno BM; Turner RV; Koenig S; Biddison WE; Molecular Immunology Section, National Institute of Neurological; Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; 20892.
Amino acid substitutions were introduced into the 45 pocket of HLA-A2.1 to determine the potential role of this structurally defined feature of class I molecules in viral peptide and alloantigen presentation. The 45 pocket lies below the alpha 1-domain alpha-helix and is composed of five amino acids, three of which di
J Immunol. 1991 May 15;146(10):3599-603. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91225506
Noguchi Y; Noguchi T; Sato T; Yokoo Y; Itoh S; Yoshida M; Yoshiki T; Akiyoshi K; Sunamoto J; Nakayama E; et al; Department of Oncology, Nagasaki University School of Medicine,; Japan.
In vitro and in vivo anti-human T lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) cellular immunity was examined by immunizing rats with a truncated hybrid protein (228 amino acids) of gag and env of HTLV-1 produced by Escherichia coli. Animals were immunized with the hybrid protein reconstituted into mannan-derivative-coated lipo
Gonzalez-Ruiz A; Haworth SJ; O'Neil AB; Warhurst DC; Department of Medical Parasitology, London School of Hygiene and; Tropical Medicine, U.K.
Less toxic drugs are needed for the prophylaxis and treatment of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) in patients with AIDS. Rats immunosuppressed with cortisone were given dapsone, chlorproguanil (CPG) and chlorcycloguanil (CCG), alone or in combination, in the diet and the P. carinii attack rate was compared with th
Harouse JM; Laughlin MA; Pletcher C; Friedman HM; Gonzalez-Scarano F; Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Medical; Center, Philadelphia.
Although the CD4 molecule is the cellular receptor for human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) in cells of the lymphocyte/monocyte lineage, a number of investigators have also been able to infect cells, including several of central nervous system (CNS) origin, that do not express CD4 protein or mRNA. These infections a
Tateno Y; Togashi T; Tateno M; Yoshiki T; Department of Pediatrics, Hokkaido University, School of; Medicine.
We reported some biological properties of HIV-1 isolated from 16 hemophiliac Japanese and accidentally infected one mother. Peripheral mononuclear cells (PMCs) were obtained from them, one with AIDS, one with lymphadenopathy and the others were asymptomatic carriers. CD 8 depleted PMCs were obtained by panning methods
Heise W; L'age M; Auguste-Viktoria-Krankenhaus, II. Innere Abteilung, Berlin.
Besides central nervous system, pulmonary and cutaneous manifestations, the gastrointestinal tract and the hepatobiliary system are major organs in AIDS. Gastrointestinal symptoms due to opportunistic infections or HIV-associated tumours are common in AIDS patients. Nevertheless, a huge variety of endoscopically diagn
A woman aged 25 yr consulted the Department of Otorhinolaryngology with complaints of persistent nasal obstruction caused by adenoid hypertrophy recurring shortly after recent adenoidectomy. Previous elaborate investigations did not reveal the cause of this unexplained phenomenon. Testing for human immunodeficiency vi
Antisense RNA, transcribed intracellularly from constitutive expression cassettes, inhibits the replication of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) as demonstrated by a quantitative microinjection assay in human SW480 cells. Infectious proviral HIV-1 DNA was co-microinjected together with a fivefold molar e
The HIV-1 REV protein binds to the stem II region of the REV-responsive element (RNA). Studies to further define the RNA sequence and structure specifically bound by REV protein identify a minimal RNA element of 40 nucleotides. Analysis of RNA fragments by gel retardation and filter binding suggest that a core element
Lewis CE; Coffee J; Department of Medicine, UCLA School of Medicine.
As the number and longevity of AIDS patients increases, it is ever more likely that public health nurses will play a growing role in caring for HIV infected individuals. Yet, these two surveys of public health nurses reveal that few of them have had any direct experience with AIDS patients, and that many feel they nee
Cohen MA; Cohen SC; New York Medical College, New York.
The process of AIDS education poses exceptional challenges for teachers and students. Medical students are in a unique position in the health care system. They are young enough to be ideal role models for high school and college students. They are mature enough to be responsible educators. We describe a special progra
Dowd SB; Lincoln Land Community College, Springfield, IL 62794.
Universal precautions have totally changed the practice of infection control in hospitals. This article presents factual data relevant to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) as well as the implementation of universal precautions in radiology departments. The responsibilities of both the technologist and radiology m
Fleckenstein JL; Burns DK; Murphy FK; Jayson HT; Bonte FJ; Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical; Center, Dallas 75235-9085.
Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging was used to assess for the presence of bacterial myositis, rare outside the tropics, in 13 patients with either the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) (n = 11) or positive results of serologic tests for the human immunodeficiency virus but without other evidence of AIDS (n = 2).
Dina TS; Department of Radiology, George Washington University Medical; Center, Washington, DC 20037.
The imaging studies of 16 patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and proved primary central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma were reviewed. All studies included computed tomography (CT); six also included magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. A periventricular lesion was seen in 50% of patients. At least one
Stat Med. 1991 Mar;10(3):423-31. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91227688
Nedelman J; Burns A; Cleary J; Gordon D; Vernon P; Lawrence CE; School of Public Health, University of Albany, State University; of New York.
We compare numbers of hospital admissions for intravenous drug using (IVDU) HIV patients and other HIV patients in acute-care facilities in New York State. Data consist of routinely collected hospital-discharge reports from New York s Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System, linked into longitudinal case hi
Stat Med. 1991 Mar;10(3):473-85. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91227693
Odom-Maryon T; Langholz B; Niland J; Azen S; Department of Preventive Medicine, USC School of Medicine 90033.
In this paper we examine the efficiency of a generalization of the traditional normal linear (LDA) or quadratic (QDA) discriminant analysis. This procedure (the generalized discriminant analysis, GDA) replaces each normal density used in the traditional classification rule by a Fourier series density estimator which
Doig C; Gill MJ; Church DL; Department of Medicine, Foothills Hospital, University of; Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
Over the last 10 years Rhodococcus equi has been identified as an important, albeit very rare, opportunistic pathogen. As the number of patients immunocompromised from HIV infection grows, this microorganism will likely become of increasing clinical importance. Infection with R. equi is usually insidious, causing prog
Nielsen TL; Guldager H; Pedersen C; Mathiesen L; Nielsen JO; Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of; Copenhagen, Hvidovre, Denmark.
The justification for mechanical ventilation (MV) of patients with an AIDS-related Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) has been submitted to debate, due to poor prognosis of AIDS patients. Since the start of the epidemic our policy has been to offer MV to this group of patients when needed. The first 28 patients who
Merz H; Rytik G; Muller WE; Roder W; Abteilung Angewandte Molekularbiologie, Institut fur; Physiologische Chemie der Johannes Gutenberg-Universitat Mainz.
The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is harboured not only in lymphocytes and macrophages but also in other cells, e.g. brain cells. Hence, it is not surprising that HIV-1 is also present in bone of HIV-infected individuals. Here we present an assay system for detection of the virus in human bone pieces in
HIV infection can be transferred by blood, blood products and organ transplantation. In traumatic surgery allogeneic bone transplantation is commonly used for reconstruction in severe bone injuries. This technique has been abandoned since the appearance of reports of infections with HIV. In an experimental in vitro st
Viney LL; Bousfield L; Department of Psychology, University of Wollongong, N.S.W.,; Australia.
Better methods of psychosocial research with people affected by AIDS are required; and narrative analysis may help to meet this need. It is based on the assumption that people create meaning in events by telling stories about them, and that these stories can be identified in interviews. The paper examines some concept
This paper reports the results of a survey conducted among students at a British university in November 1988. The survey included questions on both sexual behaviour and attitudes and responses to the threat of AIDS, and it enabled direct comparisons to be drawn with a similar survey conducted among students in the Fed
Wallace R; Epidemiology of Mental Disorders Research Department, New York; State Psychiatric Institute, NY 10032.
Observation of an essentially linear growth in time of U.S. and New York City AIDS cases, from about 1984 through early 1988, is shown to imply a relatively constant rate of transmission of HIV infection in its early stages, as has been observed for limited times in cohorts of male homosexuals in San Francisco and New
Plettenberg A; Janik I; Kolb H; Meigel W; Abteilung fur Dermatologie, Allgemeinen Krankenhauses St. Georg,; Hamburg.
In 23 patients with HIV-associated Kaposi s sarcoma 53 tumor lesions were treated with fractioned radiotherapy. Indication for the radiotherapy were mostly cosmetic reasons in stigmatizing tumors, but also in several cases pain, oedema or functional deficits as a result of the tumor lesions. 21 patients received ortho
West J Med. 1991 Mar;154(3):294-302. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91228357
Rice DP; Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, University of; California, School of Nursing, San Francisco 94143-0612.
Various measures of the health status of the population of the United States show there is considerable room for improvement. Compared with other industrialized nations, we are spending more for health care but our health is worse. These data form the basis for setting national priorit
Hadfield MG; Ghatak NR; Laine FJ; Myer EC; Massie FS; Kramer WM; Department of Pathology, Medical College of Virginia/Virginia; Commonwealth University, Richmond 23298.
In chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) enzyme-deficient neutrophils and mononuclear cells lack the respiratory burst required for biocidal activity. Recurrent infections lead to granulomas in various organs but brain lesions are rare. In the present case, a 23-year-old male with numerous infections since early childho
Poutiainen E; Haltia M; Elovaara I; Lahdevirta J; Iivanainen M; Department of Neurology, University of Helsinki, Finland.
Two different types of dementia and corresponding neuropathological findings of patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are presented. In one case, subcortical dementia with slow movements and mental processes as well as problems in active recall but without foca
Am J Gastroenterol. 1991 May;86(5):574-6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91229034
Urbain D; Jeanmart J; Lemone M; Kiromera A; Muls V; Arendt V; Dewit S; Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital; Saint-Pierre, Brussels, Belgium.
Cholestasis in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome was systematically investigated by ultrasonography and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. The two procedures were found to be complementary, and showed similar results in 56.2% of the cases. Ultrasonography was superior in detecting common b
Am J Gastroenterol. 1991 May;86(5):615-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91229044
Simon D; Weiss L; Tanowitz HB; Wittner M; Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine,; Bronx, New York.
An AIDS patient with severe large volume diarrhea and malnutrition due to cryptosporidial infection is presented. The patient, who was not receiving zidovudine, was treated with octreotide with resolution of diarrhea leading to improvement in nutritional status, immune functions, and subsequently, resolution of the Cr
Am J Med. 1991 May;90(5):601-5. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91229117
Ochitill H; Dilley J; Kohlwes J; San Francisco General Hospital, Department of Psychiatry,; California 94110.
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the prescribing practices for the use of psychoactive medication in treating hospitalized patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). PATIENTS AND METHODS: The medical charts were studied for all patients admitted to a 20-bed AIDS inpatient ward fr
Ann Ophthalmol. 1991 Feb;23(2):71-3. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91229281
O'Hara MA; Raphael SA; Nelson LB; Department of Surgery, F. Edward Hebert School of Medicine,; Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda,; Maryland.
A ten-year-old boy with a four-year history of symptomatic human immunodeficiency virus infection had granulomatous iridocyclitis that subsequently resolved with topical corticosteroid and cycloplegic therapy. This is the first report, to our knowledge, of isolated anterior uveitis in a child with acquired immunodefic
Aust Dent J. 1991 Feb;36(1):22-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91229485
Donkor P; Punnia-Moorthy A; Painter DM; Department of Oral Surgery and Oral Medicine, Faculty of; Dentistry, University of Sydney, Surry Hills, New South Wales.
A range of oral manifestations in a patient who was subsequently confirmed as infected with the human immune deficiency virus are presented. Most of these lesions have been previously reported in the literature, and represent opportunistic infection changes resulting from immune deficiency. The rare occurrence of a ma
Brivio L; Tornaghi R; Musetti L; Marchisio P; Principi N; Pediatric Department IV, University of Milan, Italy.
A 6 1/2-month-old boy with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome was treated with zidovudine for 12 months. He experienced a marked improvement in clinical and neurologic status. Auditory brainstem responses were recorded before, at 6 months, and after 12 months of therapy; interpeak latency I-V, which was initially dela
Navarro V; Guix J; Juan G; Nieto A; Roig P; Salavert M; Barranco MJ; Borras R; Seccion de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital General; Universitario, Valencia.
We report 16 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis with normal chest x-ray film associated with infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). These patients belong to a sample of 125 cases of tuberculosis and HIV infection observed during the same study period. The clinical features and the diagnostic methods are des
Blood. 1991 May 15;77(10):2218-24. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91230346
Blanchard DK; Michelini-Norris MB; Pearson CA; Freitag CS; Djeu JY; Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of; South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa 33612.
Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare (MAI) is an opportunistic pathogen commonly found in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients, whose immune systems are severely compromised. However, normal responses to this bacterium are apparently sufficient to prevent disseminated infection because disease is rarely found unl
Hassan NF; Prakash K; Chehimi J; McCawley LJ; Douglas SD; Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Joseph Stokes,; Jr. Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia,; Philadelphia 19104.
We isolated brain microglia from newborn rabbits and maintained these cells in in vitro culture. Enriched populations of rabbit microglia share several characteristics of mononuclear phagocytes including intracellular staining for nonspecific esterase and acid phosphatase. Microglia express Fc receptors, generate supe
Drug Alcohol Depend. 1991 Jan;27(1):29-34. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91230916
Torrens M; San L; Peri JM; Olle JM; Section of Drug Addiction, Hospital del Mar, Autonomous; University of Barcelona, Spain.
Abuse of cocaine is becoming a major problem among heroin addicts in Spain . Between 1987 and 1988, 75% of patients admitted as inpatients for detoxification from opiate dependence had consumed cocaine during the 6 months prior to admission and 25% had abused cocaine daily or several
Drug Alcohol Depend. 1991 Jan;27(1):43-50. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91230918
Facy F; Rosch D; Angel P; Touzeau D; Cordonnier JP; Petit F; Reseau INSERM-Toxicomanie, Le Vesinet, France.
In 1986, a national survey was carried out in France among 4846 drug abusers attending specialised agencies and treatment centres. Data are analysed and compared with the results of a previous study in 1972. Most French drug abusers are men (74%) ranged in age from 20 to 29 years (
Drug Alcohol Depend. 1991 Jan;27(1):79-86. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91230924
Persico AM; Di Giannantonio M; Tempesta E; Drug Addiction and Alcoholism Unit, Catholic University of the; Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.
A sample of 114 intravenous drug abusers hospitalized for HIV-spectrum diseases, was allowed to choose between methadone maintenance, partial or complete withdrawal as inpatient programs and was reassessed 4 days after discharge. One third of the patients had relapsed into heroin abuse. Rates of early relapse were sig
Bartmann P; Grosch-Worner I; Wahn V; Belohradsky BH; Children's Hospital, Department II, University of Ulm, Federal; Republic of Germany.
Infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) induces a polyclonal B-cell activation. Despite elevated serum immunoglobulin levels, a significant deterioration of the antigen specific humoral immune response exists in most cases. We studied the influence of HIV infection on the serum levels of IgG subclasses i
Kirby D; Waszak C; Ziegler J; Center for Population Options.
An evaluation of the reproductive health programs of six diverse school-based clinics measured the impact of the clinics on sexual behavior and contraceptive use. All six clinics served low-income populations; at five of them, the great majority of the students served were black. An analysis of student visits by type
Scoazec JY; Degott C; Brousse N; Barge J; Molas G; Potet F; Benhamou JP; Service Central d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Hopital; Beaujon, Clichy, France.
We report the diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic features of non-Hodgkin s lymphoma in eight patients in whom the disease was seen as a primary tumor of the liver. This series illustrates the variety of situations in which lymphoma might be diagnosed: (a) abdominal pain and hep
Wilfert CM; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, N.C.
Until we can effectively prevent vertical transmission of HIV, the scope of the AIDS epidemic in children will reflect that of HIV infection in women of childbearing age. Current trends set the challenge: According to conservative estimates by the CDC, the death rate from HIV infection in women 15 to 44 years of age q
Connolly GM; Ellis DS; Williams JE; Tovey G; Gazzard BG; Department of Medicine, Westminster Hospital, London.
The stools and rectal biopsy specimens of 44 patients with AIDS and diarrhoea were examined by culture, light microscopy, and electron microscopy. In 13 patients examination of rectal biopsy material and faecal samples showed no pathogen, but in two of these, microsporidio
Harcourt-Webster JN; Scaravilli F; Darwish AH; Department of Histopathology, St Stephen's Hospital, London.
A 25 year old British man of previous good health presented with persistent generalised lymphadenopathy and was found to be human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody positive. Three years later after weight loss and loose stools Strongyloides stercoralis was identified in the latter and successfully treated with thi
Fenelon G; Gray F; Scaravilli F; Mahieux F; Gherardi R; Chemouilli P; Guillard A; Service des Maladies due Systeme Nerveux, Hopital Tenon, Paris,; France.
A 39-year-old patient with AIDS presented with a rapidly progressive myelopathy with a partial Brown-Sequard syndrome. He died, 9 weeks after onset of the first neurological signs, from diffuse encephalopathy. Neuropathological examination revealed multiple, usually small, frequently haemorrhagic, infarcts or various
J Okla State Med Assoc. 1991 Mar;84(3):113-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91232047
Lapolla M; Turner M; Santee B; Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation's Center for Health Policy; Research, University of Tulsa 74104.
This study reviewed data on all patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) reported by 19 hospitals in the state of Oklahoma from January 1, 1981, through August 31, 1988, which represented 68% of the 382 cumulative reported cases in the state to that date. The study results indicate that the average life
Mo Med. 1991 Mar;88(3):149-52. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91232465
Spare KW; Craig J; Hoff GL; Biery RM; Stephenson G; Newkirk D; Division of Communicable Disease Control, City of Kansas City; Health Department, MO 64109.
Two HIV sero-prevalence surveys conducted during 1989 in public sexually transmitted disease clinics in the Kansas City SMSA tested 1,561 males and 1.043 females. There were 23 sero-positive males; no sero-positive females. The rate for males using the Missouri clinic was nearly triple that of males using the Kansas c
Nebr Med J. 1991 Mar;76(3):55-62. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91232666
Young KL; Lange B; Dunning D; Division of Dental Health, Nebraska Department of Health.
Based on the findings of this study, the following specific strategic recommendations are offered: 1. Offer continuing education courses throughout the state at reasonable fees. The courses should emphasize recognition of AIDS related lesions and infectious diseases, aseptic techniques/infectious disease control, AIDS
Lee JH; Li YC; Doerre S; Sista P; Ballard DW; Greene WC; Franza BR Jr; Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, New York 11724.
HIVEN86A is an inducible member of a set of cellular proteins that specifically bind to the kappa B enhancer (Franza et al., 1987; Franza, 1988; Franza, 1990; Ballard et al., 1989; Bohnlein et al., 1988). This enhancer motif has been detected in numerous cellular and viral transcription control domains (Boshart et al.
Viens-Bitker C; Blum-Boisgard C; Goldfarb B; Lepoutre-Toulemon A; Lebrun L; D'Alche-Gauthier MJ; Service Evaluation des Technologies Nouvelles, Hopitaux de; Paris.
The project concerned hospital costs: in-patient, out-patient, clinics and home-hospitalisation. It included asymptomatic HIV-infected individuals as well as AIDS patients. The annual cost per patient was calculated according to the various types of disease management described by involved physicians. Standard annual
Gabrilovich DI; Kozhich AT; Suvorova ZK; Ivanov VS; Moshnikov SA; Chikin LD; Kolezonkova OV; Pokrovsky VV; Laboratory of Epidemiology and Prevention of AIDS, USSR Ministry; of Public Health, Moscow.
The effect of nine HIV antigens, including eight synthetic peptides, on the functional activity of granulocytes was studied using the reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium test (NBT test). Some peptides partly suppressed the functional activity of granulocytes. The most pronounced suppression was caused by ImVL (HIV-1 ly
Irwin K; Bertrand J; Mibandumba N; Mbuyi K; Muremeri C; Mukoka M; Munkolenkole K; Nzilambi N; Bosenge N; Ryder R; et al; Division of HIV/AIDS, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA; 30333.
As a first step in designing an AIDS prevention program at a large factory in Kinshasa, Zaire , we collected information on attitudes towards human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) from factory foremen and their wives. Trained mod
Boisaubin EV; Methodist Hospital, Department of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030.
For the foreseeable future in Texas, AIDS will present a formidable challenge to practitioners, medically and ethically. Testing should continue to focus on individuals in high-risk groups, although some professionals encourage broader, voluntary screening. Because the disease is currently fatal, physicians and patien
Castillo JL; Cartier L; Araya F; Verdugo R; Mora C; Gibbs C; Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Chile,; Santiago.
The electrophysiological features of progressive spastic paraparesis (PSP) associated with HTLV-1 in Chile , a non-tropical country, are presented. Twenty-two of 45 PSP subjects were positive for HTLV-1 antibodies. Trimodal evoked potentials were all normal in only 2 of these cases (
Teglbjaerg LL; Hansen JE; Dalboge H; Nielsen CM; Mathiesen LR; Nielsen O; Department of Infectious Diseases, Hvidovre Hospital, Denmark.
This report describes the use of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the detection of viral genomic sequences in latently infected cells. Infection with human immunodeficiency virus in cultures of human glial cells was demonstrated, using nucleic acid amplification followed by dot blot hybridization. It was not po
Maj M; Division of Mental Health and Global Programme on AIDS, World; Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
The psychological problems of the families of human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1)-infected people, and of the health workers taking care of them, have been addressed in a few empirical studies and in several anecdotal reports and theoretical contributions. Apparently, HIV-1 infection and acquired immunodeficiency s
AAOHN J. 1991 Jun;39(6):276-80. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91234173
Tammi SS
1. Managers must be knowledgeable about AIDS and able to act on issues that surface in the workplace. Some of these issues are discrimination, fear, and confidentiality. 2. Fear of AIDS is being managed better in places of business where education is provided to employees. This education results in a more productive w
Rhodes A; James W; Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford,; Berkshire, UK.
Antisense RNA can inhibit the expression of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) to which they are complementary by a variety of mechanisms and might provide the basis for antiviral therapies of high selectivity. In a previous study of six retrovirally expressed antisense RNAs targeted to HIV-1IIIB, we found that two significantly
Belo M; Yagello M; Girard M; Greenlee R; Deslandres A; Barre-Sinoussi F; Gluckman JC; Laboratoire de Biologie et Genetique des Deficits; Immunitaires, CERVI, UFR Pitie-Salpetriere, Paris, France.
After immunization of chimpanzees against HIV antigens, antibodies that mediate antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) were evaluated and compared with anti-HIV-antibody levels detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and neutralizing antibody titers. Adult chimpanzees were immunized with differe
Darke S; Hall W; Heather N; Ward J; Wodak A; National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New; South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
The initiation and maintenance of substantial behaviour change is required to reduce the spread of HIV infection among the intravenous drug-using population. In order to ascertain the efficacy of interventions aimed at reducing HIV-related risk-taking behaviour among this population, valid and reliable (yet preferably
Calsyn DA; Saxon AJ; Freeman G; Whittaker S; Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Seattle, Washington 98108.
Needle-use practices of intravenous drug users (IVDUs) were examined in a region (Seattle, King Country, Washington State, USA) where needle purchase is legal. IVDUs in treatment (n = 313) were administered extensive structured interviews concerning drug and injection equipment-use practices. Of the 80.2% reporting in
Lallemant-Le Coeur S; Lallemant M; Cheynier D; Nzingoula S; Drucker J; Larouze B; INSERM, U13/IMEA, Hopital Claude Bernard, Paris, France.
During the prospective follow-up of 64 babies at risk for perinatal HIV-1 infection because their mothers were seropositive, and of 130 control babies whose mothers were seronegative, we studied the occurrence of complications of bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) immunization and its ability to induce cutaneous reactivit
Altes J; Salas A; Riera M; Udina M; Galmes A; Balanzat J; Ballesteros A; Buades J; Salva F; Villalonga C; Hospital Son Dureta (Palma de Mallorca), Spain.
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is considered an opportunistic infection in immunocompromised patients. We review the clinical, laboratory, and therapeutic data in 63 patients (eight new cases and 55 cases reported in the literature) with Mediterranean VL (kala azar) and HIV-1 infection to determine whether VL should be c
Gilson RJ; Hawkins AE; Kelly GK; Gill SK; Weller IV; Academic Department of Genito-Urinary Medicine, University; College and Middlesex School of Medicine, London, UK.
Zidovudine triphosphate inhibits the hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA polymerase (DNAp) in vitro. Serial measurements of serum HBV DNAp activity and HBV DNA were made in 14 consecutive male homosexual patients starting zidovudine for symptomatic HIV-1 infection. Median duration of treatment was 15 weeks (range 2-72). In th
Shoebridge GI; Barone L; Wing-Simpson A; Bennetts BH; Nightingale BN; Hensley WJ; Gatenby PA; Department of Clinical Immunology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital,; Sydney, Australia.
The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to identify the presence of DNA sequences homologous to HIV-1 in the buffy-coat leukocytes of antibody-positive and antibody-negative individuals in a haemophiliac population. The presence of HIV sequences was demonstrated in all of the antibody-positive haemophiliacs with
Cell. 1991 May 17;65(4):651-62. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91235301
Kestler HW 3d; Ringler DJ; Mori K; Panicali DL; Sehgal PK; Daniel MD; Desrosiers RC; New England Regional Primate Research Center, Harvard Medical; School, Southborough, Massachusetts 01772.
When rhesus monkeys were infected with a form of cloned SIVmac239 having a premature stop signal at the 93rd codon of nef, revertants with a coding codon at this position quickly and universally came to predominate in the infected animals. This suggests that there are strong selective forces for open functional forms
Valeri A; Neusy AJ; Department of Medicine, New York University Medical Center, N.Y.; 10016.
We performed a retrospective chart analysis on 449 AIDS patients admitted to Bellevue Hospital Center from 1983-1986 to characterize the etiologies and clinical course of acute renal failure (ARF) and to define the incidence and clinical course of AIDS-associated nephropathy (AAN) in an unselected hospitalized AIDS po
Kuni CC; Rhame FS; Meier MJ; Foehse MC; Loewenson RB; Lee BC; Boudreau RJ; duCret RP; Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota Hospital and; Clinic, Minneapolis 55455.
We performed I-123-IMP SPECT brain imaging on seven mildly demented AIDS patients and seven normal subjects. In an attempt to detect and quantitate regions of decreased I-123-IMP uptake, pixel intensity histograms of normalized SPECT images at the basal ganglia level were analyzed for the fraction of pixels in the low
Israel DS; Plaisance KI; Medical College of Virginia, Richmond.
The possible mechanisms of neutropenia associated with both human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and drug treatment in adults are examined, and the current and investigational strategies for managing neutropenia are reviewed. Neutropenia associated with HIV arises from diverse mechanisms, including cellular im
Rathbun RC; Martin ES 3d; Eaton VE; Matthew EB; College of Pharmacy, University of Texas, Austin 78712.
The epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and treatment of Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infection are reviewed. MAC infection is one of the most common infections in AIDS patients. Its pathogenesis is poorly understood, but it is believed to develop by gastrointestinal colonization followed by syst
Silverman S Jr; Division of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of; California, San Francisco.
The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) pandemic continues to increase in magnitude and to plague the world. Dental professionals knowingly or unknowingly are involved in this pandemic because of the need to provide dental care without discrimination. Additionally, oral manifestations of human immunodeficiency v
Crawford JJ; Department of Endodontics, University of North Carolina School of; Dentistry, Chapel Hill.
In the wake of widespread hepatitis B, human immunodeficiency virus, and other bloodborne infections, organizations of health care employees have asked the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) to address the reduction of infection risks encountered in the delivery of private and institutional health ca
Fortschr Med. 1991 Mar 10;109(7):165-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91236065
Bocker FM; Psychiatrische Klinik mit Poliklinik, Universitat; Erlangen-Nurnberg.
The proposal is presently being discussed in public that further spread of HIV-infections should be prevented by prescribing substitute drugs. As a rule, no narcotic drug should be prescribed to addicts--to this rule there are a few quite specific exceptions. For instance opiate substitution may be indicated in drug a
Tomlinson DR; Hillman RJ; Harris JR; Taylor-Robinson D; Department of Genitourinary Medicine, St. Mary's Hospital,; London, UK.
OBJECTIVE--To provide a screening service for sexually transmissible infections to male prostitutes working in the London area. DESIGN--An open access service recruiting by a diverse range of methods to avoid over-representation of the more visible elements of this group. SETTING--Department of genitourinary medicine
Samra Z; Dan M; Segev S; Fintsi Y; Bar-Shany S; Weinberg M; Gutman R; Beilinson Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel.
OBJECTIVE--To assess the prevalence of sexually transmitted pathogens in drug-addicted women in Tel Aviv, Israel . DESIGN--A prospective study conducted between March and July 1987. SETTING--A methadone clinic in Tel Aviv, Israel. SUBJECTS--Sixty four asymptomatic female drug addict
Kaptue L; Zekeng L; Djoumessi S; Monny-Lobe M; Nichols D; Debuysscher R; Service National de Lutte Contre le SIDA, Yaounde, Cameroon.
Eleven selected prostitute leaders were recruited who subsequently recruited 157 of their peers, bringing the total to 168. Sera was collected and tested for antibodies to HIV-1 and HIV-2 using a commercial enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA); positive cases were confirmed by Western Blot (Dupont). A direct im
Nakajima M; DeChavigny A; Johnson CE; Hamada J; Stein CA; Nicolson GL; Department of Tumor Biology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson; Cancer Center, Houston 77030.
Suramin, a polysulfonated naphthylurea, has anti-reverse transcriptase and anti-proliferative activities and inhibits the binding of various growth factors to their cell surface receptors. This drug is used in the treatment of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and several types of cancers. Increased levels of circula
J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 1991;117(3):186-91. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91236789
Roth WK
New epidemiological data give evidence for an unknown etiological agent of Kaposi s sarcoma (KS). Experimental support is provided by research on cultivated KS cells. These results contradict a direct involvement of HIV-1 in the pathogenesis of KS. Research on cultivated KS cells confirmed the hypothesis that KS spind
Eisen D; Voorhees JJ; Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
This article presents a review of oral malignant melanoma and other oral cavity pigmented lesions. The dismal prognosis for patients with oral malignant melanoma is partly due to patients delayed recognition of signs of early disease and delayed diagnosis by physicians. Pigmented macules and plaques in the oral cavit
Yasui C; Fukaya T; Koizumi H; Kobayashi H; Ohkawara A; Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University School of; Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
Disseminated erythematous papules and plaques developed in a 60-year-old man 3 years before the appearance of neurologic manifestations. A biopsy specimen of the plaque revealed Pautrier s microabscess and a dense mononuclear cell infiltration with atypical convoluted nuclei in the papillary dermis. These cells were h
Takegoshi K; Nakanuma Y; Tsukada K; Okuda K; Department of Internal Medicine, Takaoka City Hospital, Japan.
We report the first case of human T-lymphotropic type 1-associated myelopathy (HAM) linked with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). The patient, a 44-year-old woman, also suffered from ulcerative colitis and polyarthritis. Two years and nine months after the clinical onset of PSC, the coexistence of HAM was shown by
Kaplan LD; Kahn JO; Crowe S; Northfelt D; Neville P; Grossberg H; Abrams DI; Tracey J; Mills J; Volberding PA; Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome/Oncology Program, San; Francisco General Hospital, University of California.
Thirty patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated non-Hodgkin s lymphoma (NHL) receiving chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP) were randomized to receive either subcutaneous recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colo
AIDS is one of the leading causes of death in children. Although children of all ethnic groups are affected, there is an overrepresentation of cases among minority children. Most cases of pediatric HIV infection are acquired by vertical transmission of infection from mother to infant. Factors that appear to increase t
The etiology and pathophysiology of AIDS are reviewed: HIV-1 infection and changes in T4 lymphocytes; secondary infections, such as Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and tuberculosis; and tumors, such as Kaposi s sarcoma. The CDC has classified HIV infection into four groups based on clinical manifestations and immune sy
Pharmacologic and psychosocial interventions begin at the time HIV infection is diagnosed and continue to the end of the patient s life. It is important that the nurse and patient communicate effectively with one another about the significance of being HIV positive, including disease progression and treatment modaliti
The HIV epidemic poses a challenge to health care professionals not only with regard to treatment, but also in terms of legal and ethical issues. Some federal and/or state laws already exist that prevent employers from discriminating against persons with any stage of HIV infection, protect workers who protest dangerou
With an increased perception of AIDS as a nursing disease and with the holistic approach that they provide, nurses can make important contributions toward the treatment and prevention of AIDS. Nurses are urged to become more active in professional societies, be patient advocates, counsel patients, and educate others a
J Med Chem. 1991 May;34(5):1606-12. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91237652
Murakami K; Shirasaka T; Yoshioka H; Kojima E; Aoki S; Ford H Jr; Driscoll JS; Kelley JA; Mitsuya H; Research Laboratory of Bioresources, Sanyo-Kokusaku Pulp Company,; Iwakuni, Japan.
A series of 6-substituted 2 ,3 -dideoxypurine ribofuranosides (ddP) was enzymatically synthesized with live E. coli in an effort to enhance the lipophilicity of this class of anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) compounds and thereby facilitate drug delivery into the central nervous system. All 6-halo-substituted d
J Med Chem. 1991 May;34(5):1640-6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91237657
Huang JT; Chen LC; Wang LB; Kim MH; Warshaw JA; Armstrong D; Zhu QY; Chou TC; Watanabe KA; Matulic-Adamic J; et al; Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, Memorial; Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Sloan-Kettering Division of; Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Cornell University, New; York, New York 10021.
In order to obtain agents with therapeutic indices superior to those of AZT , FLT, or D4T, several analogues of anti-HIV-1 nucleosides were synthesized. These include 2 ,3 -dideoxy-2 ,3 difluoro-5-methyluridine (13), its arabino analogue 19, arabino-5
J Med Chem. 1991 May;34(5):1647-55. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91237658
Barchi JJ Jr; Marquez VE; Driscoll JS; Ford H Jr; Mitsuya H; Shirasaka T; Aoki S; Kelley JA; Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, National Cancer Institute,; National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.
Selected acid-stable (2 -fluoro-2 ,3 -dideoxyarabinofuranosyl)adenine nucleosides containing methyl groups and other lipophilic functions at various positions in the adenine ring were prepared and evaluated as anti-HIV agents. The N6-methyl (1f), N6-benzoyl (1g), and 6-chloro (1i) analogues had modest activity, giving
J Med Chem. 1991 May;34(5):1739-46. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91237671
Strekowski L; Mokrosz JL; Honkan VA; Czarny A; Cegla MT; Wydra RL; Patterson SE; Schinazi RF; Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta 30303.
Thirty-eight 2-(aryl or heteroaryl)quinolin-4-amines, N,N-disubstituted, N-monosubstituted, and without a substituent at the amino group have been synthesized with use of novel chemistries developed by us recently. Some of these derivatives show anti-HIV-1 activity at a concentration level of 1 microM and low cell tox
Allan JS; Short M; Taylor ME; Su S; Hirsch VM; Johnson PR; Shaw GM; Hahn BH; Department of Virology and Immunology, Southwest Foundation for; Biomedical Research, San Antonio, Texas 78228-0147.
The prevalence, natural history, and genetic characteristics of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infections in most feral African monkey species are presently unknown, yet this information is essential to elucidate their origin and relationship to other simian and human immunodeficiency viruses. In this study, a co
Cooney AJ; Tsai SY; O'Malley BW; Tsai MJ; Department of Cell Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston,; Texas 77030.
The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) long terminal repeat (LTR) contains a negative regulatory element (NRE) which downregulates the rate of LTR-directed transcription and HIV-1 replication. Within the NRE is a GGTCA palindrome, which binds a possible member of the steroid/thyroid hormone receptor superfami
Drysdale CM; Pavlakis GN; National Cancer Institute-Frederick Cancer Research and; Development Center, ABL-Basic Research Program, Maryland; 21702-1201.
The mechanism of induction of gene expression of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 long terminal repeat (LTR) by the Tat transactivator protein was studied in a cell fusion assay. Tat causes a rapid activation of both transcription from the LTR and accumulation of hybrid LTR-chloramphenicol acetyltransferase mRN
Luban J; Goff SP; Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons,; Columbia University, New York, New York 10032.
We have expressed the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) gag polyprotein (Pr55gag) in bacteria under the control of the T7 phage gene 10 promoter. When the gene encoding the viral protease is included in cis, in the -1 reading frame, the expected proteolytic cleavage products MA and CA are produced. Disruptio
Nerenberg MI; Minor T; Price J; Ernst DN; Shinohara T; Schwarz H; Department of Neuropharmacology, Research Institute of Scripps; Clinic, La Jolla, California 92037.
Previous transgenic work demonstrated transforming activity of the human T-cell leukemia virus type I Tax protein in fibroblasts. In the present study, a Thy-1-based vector was used to express Tax in thymocytes. These mice developed no functional or neoplastic abnormalities of T cells but developed fibroblastic tumors
Hofer L; Weichselbraun I; Quick S; Farrington GK; Bohnlein E; Hauber J; Sandoz Research Institute, Vienna, Austria.
Expression of the human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) rex gene is a prerequisite for the expression of the retroviral structural proteins. We have generated internal deletion mutants of this 27-kDa nucleolar trans-acting gene product to define functional domains in the Rex protein. The phenotype of the various
Marans HY; Mandell W; Kislak JW; Starrett B; Moussouris HF; Division of Urology, St. Vincent's Hospital, New York, New York.
We report a case of prostate abscess due to Histoplasma capsulatum in a patient with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. The diagnosis and management are discussed, and the literature is reviewed.
Over 58,000 members of the US Army Reserve Components tested for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody had military or civilian medical occupations. The availability of HIV status and occupational information permits the assessment of prevalence and incidence of infection in this population. Levels of infection
JAMA. 1991 Jun 12;265(22):2971-5. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91237977
Ellerbrock TV; Bush TJ; Chamberland ME; Oxtoby MJ; Division of HIV/AIDS, Center for Disease Control, Atlanta, Ga.; 30333.
In the United States , women account for an increasing number and percentage of adults with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Overall, 51% of women with AIDS were infected through intravenous drug use and 29% through heterosexual contact; the proportion of intravenous drug
JAMA. 1991 Jun 12;265(22):2976-81. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91237978
Levin BW; Driscoll JM Jr; Fleischman AR; Department of Health and Nutrition Sciences, Brooklyn College, NY; 11210.
Many infants admitted to neonatal intensive care units are the children of women infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); they have approximately a 30% risk of infection. To investigate attitudes surrounding treatment for such newborns, we conducted a survey of professionals at six neonatal intensive care
JAMA. 1991 Jun 12;265(22):2987-91. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91237980
Jordan TJ; Lewit EM; Montgomery RL; Reichman LB; Division of Informatics, University of Medicine & Dentistry of; New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark 07103-2406.
Tuberculin skin testing is a notoriously poor marker of tuberculosis infection in patients who are serologically positive for the human immunodeficiency virus. A decision analysis was performed to determine if and when isoniazid should be prescribed to prevent tuberculosis in these patients. The decision was analyzed
Capesius C; Saal F; Maero E; Bazarbachi A; Lasneret J; Laroche L; Gessain A; Hojman F; Peries J; UPR A0043 CNRS Retrovirus et Retrotransposons des Vertebres,; Hopital Saint-Louis, Paris, France.
A survey in search of evidence for HTLV-I infection was conducted on French and Portuguese patients residing in France with a diagnosis of mycosis fungoides or Sezary syndrome. Methods used in this investigation included serological assays (ELISA, Western blot, particle agglutinati
Shaw MA; Turner AC; Blackwell JM; Fine PE; Ponnighaus JM; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.
As part of the leprosy vaccine trial taking place in Karonga District, Northern Malawi , it is essential to establish whether the presence of HIV infection in the population is affecting the incidence rate or clinical presentation of leprosy or the effectiveness of the trial vaccine
On June 5, 1981, the first cases of an illness subsequently defined as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) were reported by health-care providers in California and CDC. As of May 31, 1991, state and local health departments had reported to CDC 179,136 AIDS cases among persons of all ages in the
In 1981, 189 cases of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), a newly recognized condition, were reported to CDC from 15 states and the District of Columbia; 76% of cases were reported from New York and California. Ninety-seven percent of cases reported were among men, 79% of whom reported being homosexual/bisexual
The occurrence of tuberculosis among persons with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has prompted the development of guidelines for the management of those who may have both tuberculous and HIV infections (1). These guidelines include the recommendation that all persons who are known to be infected with HIV,
Pa Med. 1991 Mar;94(3):24-5. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91239238
Jones KB; Pennsylvania Medical Society.
The Confidentiality of HIV-Related Information Act signed by Governor Casey on November 29, 1990, became effective February 27, 1991. Hospitals have an additional 60 days--until April 28--to establish written confidentiality procedures. The Act s provisions are generally consistent with traditional medical consent and
Chu SY; Buehler JW; Oxtoby MJ; Kilbourne BW; Division of HIV/AIDS, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA; 30333.
To assess the effect of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic on mortality in US children younger than 15 years of age and to identify associated causes of death, the authors examined final national mortality statistics for 1988, the most recent year for which such data are available. In 1988, there were 249
Morrow AL; Benton M; Reves RR; Pickering LK; Dept of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical School, Houston; 77030.
It was hypothesized that parents and child care providers are not prepared to accept children infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), who are increasing in number, into the day care center setting. To determine their knowledge and attitudes toward HIV transmission, 219 parents in 4 day care centers and 176 c
Birriel JA Jr; Adams JA; Saldana MA; Mavunda K; Goldfinger S; Vernon D; Holzman B; McKey RM Jr; Division of Pulmonary, University of Miami School of Medicine,; Florida.
Flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage was performed in 16 pediatric patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and deterioration in pulmonary function suggestive of opportunistic infection. In 62% of the patients Pneumocystis carinii was identified. Culture results showed a pure
Srugo I; Brunell PA; Chelyapov NV; Ho DD; Alam M; Israele V; Division of Infectious Diseases, Ahmanson Pediatric Center, Los; Angeles, CA 90048.
The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) was isolated from the plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from each of 21 infected children. The mean titers in plasma were 7 and 165 tissue culture-infective doses per milliliter in 9 children with asymptomatic (P-1) and 12 with symptomatic (P-2) infec
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 May 15;88(10):4280-4. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91239551
Lopez-Galindez C; Rojas JM; Najera R; Richman DD; Perucho M; California Institute of Biological Research, La Jolla 92037.
The RNase A mismatch cleavage method has been applied to the characterization of natural genetic variation of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) from different geographical areas. The approach provides a rapid and simple assay for the analysis of differences in closely related viral isolates and allows the establishme
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 May 15;88(10):4372-6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91239570
Wong GH; McHugh T; Weber R; Goeddel DV; Department of Molecular Biology, Genentech, Inc., South San; Francisco, CA 94080.
We report here that infection of the human T-cell line HUT-78 with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) increases its sensitivity to heat and radiation toxicity. A possible explanation for this result may be the reduced expression of manganous superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) in HIV-infected cells compared to uninfected cel
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 May 15;88(10):4409-13. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91239577
Zeira M; Tosi PF; Mouneimne Y; Lazarte J; Sneed L; Volsky DJ; Nicolau C; Molecular Virology Laboratory, St. Luke's/Roosevelt Hospital; Center, New York, NY.
Recombinant full-length CD4 expressed in Spodoptera frugiperda 9 cells with the baculovirus system was electroinserted in erythrocyte (RBC) membranes. Of the inserted CD4, 70% was correctly oriented as shown by fluorescence quenching experiments with fluorescein-labeled CD4. The inserted CD4 displayed the same epitope
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 May 15;88(10):4528-32. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91239601
Kaplan AH; Swanstrom R; Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill; 27599-7295.
The structural proteins of the retroviral capsid are translated as a polyprotein (the Gag precursor) that is cleaved by a virally encoded protease. Processing of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Gag precursor Pr55 was analyzed through a combination of pulse-chase labeling, cell fractionation, and immunoprecipit
Duncan DF; Illinois Primary Health Care Association.
Of 184 persons (18 to 78 yr.) presenting at one site for HIV testing, 112 were men, 173 were white, and 179 were HIV-. Principal risk groups identified were 53 gay/bisexual males, 46 with multiple heterosexual sex partners, and 33 transfusion recipients.
Joe GW; Knezek L; Watson D; Simpson DD; Institute of Behavioral Research, Texas Christian University,; Fort Worth 76129.
Two short scales, the TCU Depression Scale and the TCU Decision-making Scale, were psychometrically evaluated in a sample of 145 intravenous drug users. Coefficient alpha reliabilities were .78 for the 6-item TCU Depression Scale and .77 for the 9-item TCU Decision-making Scale. Concurrent validity of the former scale
Rev Mal Respir. 1991;8(1):118-20. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91239912
Varache N; Chennebault JM; Chameau AM; Foussard C; Bourrier P; Rieux D; Service de Reanimation Medicale, CHU Angers.
We report a case of bullous disease associated with a Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia which regressed completely. This occurred in a patient who was suffering from the human immuno deficiency virus.
In order to evaluate the antibody response to anti-hepatitis B vaccine, 21 heroin addicted with HIV infection previously vaccinated, were studied. 18 patients were asymptomatic and 3 were at the LAS stage. An antibody response was estimated at 1 and 12 months after the end of the vaccination. The first control showed
Science. 1991 May 17;252(5008):961-5. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE +
Wain-Hobson S; Vartanian JP; Henry M; Chenciner N; Cheynier R; Delassus S; Martins LP; Sala M; Nugeyre MT; Guetard D; et al; Laboratoire de Retrovirologie Moleculaire, Institut Pasteur,; Paris.
Two of the first human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) strains isolated were authenticated by reanalyzing original cultured samples stored at the Collection Nationale de Culture des Microorganismes as well as uncultured primary material. Cloned polymerase chain reaction products were used to analyze coding seque
Gerbert B; Sumser J; Maguire BT; Department of Dental Public Health and Hygiene, School of; Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco 94143.
We hypothesized that public attitudes towards AIDS and the safety of health care in the era of HIV would be more positive for people who knew someone with AIDS. We believed, moreover, that living in areas with high AIDS prevalence would result in more favorable attitudes. To test these hypotheses, we conducted telepho
Dawson J; Fitzpatrick R; McLean J; Hart G; Boulton M; Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of; Oxford.
This paper aims to assess the effects of voluntary anti-HIV testing on homosexual sexual behaviour. A sample of 502 men were recruited from four different areas of England. The criterion for inclusion was any man who had had sex with another man in the previous 5 years . Men were interviewed about their recent sexual
South Med J. 1991 May;84(5 Suppl 1):S41-52. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91240398
Nadeau SE; Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans; Affairs Medical Center, Gainesville, FL 32608-1197.
The diagnostic evaluation of dementia is directed toward the identification of treatable causes. It can be facilitated by classification of the dementia into one of four categories: attentional, amnestic, cognitive, and intentional. Intentional dementia reflects dysfunction of fron
Guth AA; Kim U; Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Elmhurst; Hospital Center, New York 11373.
Seventeen patients with abdominal tuberculosis were recently treated at our institution. Two distinct patient populations were identified--immigrants and individuals infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. Abdominal pain, weight loss and fever were the most common complaints, with abdominal tenderness and pyre
Popejoy SL; Fry DE; University of New Mexico Hospital, Department of Epidemiology,; Albuquerque.
We prospectively studied 684 operations from all surgical specialties to describe the frequency and character of blood contact and exposure during the procedures. Blood contact was defined as percutaneous, mucous membrane, nonintact skin or intact skin contact of patient blood with any member of the operative team. Bl
Ha KG; Cohen DJ; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77005.
Physicians have frequently been exposed to personal risk during the course of medical practice. This risk has been most obvious during the great communicable disease epidemics occurring in the past and is, of course, present also when medical care is provided during wartime. Recent public pronouncements of some physic
Little BB; Snell LM; Wendel GD; Gilstrap LC; Johnston WL; Gluck KL; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas; Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75235-9032.
Information available regarding the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in pregnant women indicates that the primary risk factor for infection is intravenous drug use. At Parkland Memorial Hospital in Dallas, Texas, approximately 4.7% of pregnant women reported using intravenous drugs. The estimated preva
The problem of osteoporosis has considerably gained in importance in recent years, owing to the rise in ratio of old people to total population (life expectancy in Zurich of a female newborn in the year 1850: 38 years, today: 82 years). Early recognition of bone loss is of essential importance for the quality of life
Am J Epidemiol. 1991 May 15;133(10):1050-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91241097
Kuo JM; Taylor JM; Detels R; Department of Biostatistics, University of California, School of; Public Health, Los Angeles 90024.
Data from a cohort study of 177 homosexual or bisexual men enrolled in Los Angeles in 1982 and 1983 are used to estimate the incubation period distribution of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The statistical method used is parametric modeling of the joint distribution of the date of human immunodeficiency vi
Am J Epidemiol. 1991 Jun 1;133(11):1073-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91241103
Ng SK; G. H. Sergievsky Center, Faculty of Medicine, Columbia; University, New York, NY.
The proposals of Popperian epidemiologists are examined using acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) research as a case study. Hypothesis generation is shown to be mostly an inductive process in the case of AIDS. For hypothesis testing, researchers again preferred inductive verification over deductive falsification
Am J Epidemiol. 1991 Jun 1;133(11):1114-24. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91241107
Murphy EL; Figueroa JP; Gibbs WN; Holding-Cobham M; Cranston B; Malley K; Bodner AJ; Alexander SS; Blattner WA; Viral Epidemiology Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda,; MD.
During 1985 and 1986, the authors measured antibodies to human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) in a cohort of 13,260 Jamaicans from all parts of the island who applied for food-handling licenses. HTLV-I seroprevalence was strongly age and sex dependent, rising from 1.7% (10-19 years) to 9.1% (greater than or equa
Am J Epidemiol. 1991 Jun 1;133(11):1125-34. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91241108
Maloney EM; Murphy EL; Figueroa JP; Gibbs WN; Cranston B; Hanchard B; Holding-Cobham M; Malley K; Blattner WA; Viral Epidemiology Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda,; MD.
An island-wide cohort of 13,260 Jamaicans who applied for food-handling licenses during 1985 and 1986 were tested for antibodies to human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I). Demographic and residence history data were linked to geographic and ecologic measures of elevation, rainfall, crop-growing areas, populat
Ann Allergy. 1991 May;66(5):421-3. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91241636
Wolf R; Ophir J; Yust I; Department of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center,; Ichilov Hospital, Israel.
A 40-year-old patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) had an atopic dermatitis-like skin eruption and elevated serum IgE levels after therapy with AL721. This agent is a mixture of egg yolk lipids used for the treatment of AIDS. The relationship between the drug and the eruption has been based on circum
Annu Rev Med. 1991;42:391-401. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91241735
Rao TK; Department of Medicine, SUNY Health Science Center, Brooklyn; 11203-2098.
Patients with HIV infection can manifest a spectrum of potentially reversible forms of acute renal failure and a unique form of nephropathy clinically characterized by nephrotic syndrome, a rapid progression to irreversible uremia in weeks, and a poor prognosis despite maintenance dialysis therapy. Typical histologic
Annu Rev Med. 1991;42:69-90. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91241750
Richman DD; Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego.
In only five years, antiretroviral therapy progressed from promising in vitro results with a newly recognized virus (HIV) to the standard practice of primary care applicable to hundreds of thousands of patients. With AZT (zidovudine) we have learned t
Annu Rev Med. 1991;42:97-105. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91241753
McFarlin DE; Blattner WA; Neuroimmunology Branch, National Institute of Neurological; Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda,; Maryland 20892.
In the decade since the first human retrovirus was identified, one form of leukemia and a chronic neurological disorder have been shown to be related to this agent. A spectrum of lymphomas, additional inflammatory disorders such as polymyositis, and possibly other neurological diseases also have been linked to HTLV-I
Morrey JD; Warren RP; Okleberry KM; Burger RA; Chirigos MA; Sidwell RW; AIDS Research Program, Utah State University, Logan 84322-5600.
Imexon (4-imino-1,4-diazobicyclo-3.1.0-hexan-2-one) was moderately effective in the treatment of a retroviral infection in a genetically defined murine model. The animal model consisted of a Friend virus complex (FV) infection in a hybrid mouse strain, (B10.A x A/WySn)F1, which has similarities with acquired immune de
Aust N Z J Med. 1991 Feb;21(1):55-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91241925
Mansberg R; Rowlings PA; Yip MY; Rozenberg MC; Prince Henry Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
A small number of patients positive for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have been reported as developing acute non-lymphoblastic leukaemia (ANLL) and none has achieved remission despite attempts at treatment. We report on a 34-year-old HIV positive heterosexual intravenous drug user who presented with ANLL (FAB
Hoff C; James WC; Hester RB; Nolan P; Peterson RD; Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of; South Alabama, Mobile 36688.
Twelve healthy, anal-receptive, homosexual Caucasian males who were seronegative for HIV antibody were typed for HLA-DR antigens. Flow cytometry was used to immunophenotype peripheral blood lymphocytes bearing the CD4, CD8, LEU7, and combined CD8 and LEU7 antigens. These individuals had reported a large number of sexu
Chandwani S; Greco MA; Mittal K; Antoine C; Krasinski K; Borkowsky W; Department of Pediatrics, New York University Medical Center, New; York.
The pathology of term placentas from seropositive human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected and seronegative women was investigated by routine histologic, immunocytochemical, and in situ hybridization techniques. Placentas were evaluated for evidence of villitis, chorioamnionitis, and funisitis. Membranes, trophobla
Public Health Rep. 1991 Mar-Apr;106(2):115-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91212548
Aruffo JF; Coverdale JH; Vallbona C; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College; of Medicine, Houston, TX.
A convenience sample of 587 subjects was selected from the waiting areas of community health centers in Harris County, TX. They completed a structured interview that included questions on their knowledge of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) transmission and prevention. Hispanic patients were interviewed in the
Public Health Rep. 1991 Mar-Apr;106(2):120-3. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91212549
Timmerman T; McDonough S; Harmeson P; North Dakota AIDS Program, Division of Disease Control.
The AIDS program of the North Dakota Department of Health and Consolidated Laboratories has provided a broad range of information concerning AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) and HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) to State residents over the past few years. The ultimate intent of these intervention efforts was
Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 1991 Mar 10;111(7):821-4. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91213206
Kielland KB; Siebke JC; Statens klinikk for narkomane, Hov.
The prevalence of hepatitis A-, B- and C-markers has been studied in patients at a Norwegian rehabilitation centre for drug addicts. The prevalence of hepatitis C-antibodies was fairly constant in the years 1976 (56%), 1985 (78%) and 1988-89 (73%), but may be decreasing in younger addicts. The data suggest a highly va
Yanagihara R; Ajdukiewicz AB; Nerurkar VR; Garruto RM; Gajdusek DC; Laboratory of Central Nervous System Studies, National Institute; of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of; Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.
We report the detection of human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) genomic sequences by polymerase chain reaction in lymphocyte cultures of three unrelated native Solomon Islanders, including a patient with HTLV-I myeloneuropathy, residing in widely separated regions. In addition, we have isolated HTLV-I from T-cel
Prevec L; Christie BS; Laurie KE; Bailey MM; Graham FL; Rosenthal KL; Department of Pathology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario,; Canada.
Recombinant adenovirus vectors expressing the entire gag (p55) or CA (p24) region of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) were constructed by inserting the appropriate HIV DNA sequences into the E3 region of human adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) with and without an exogenous SV40 early promoter. The infectious recombin
O'Connor DW; Pollitt PA; Brook CP; Reiss BB; Roth M; Hughes Hall Project for Later Life, Cambridge.
OBJECTIVE--To test whether early diagnosis and practical help reduce the number of elderly people with dementia admitted to institutions. DESIGN--Controlled trial of effect of help from a multidisciplinary team on admission rates of people with dementia. SETTING--Seven general prac
Iwahashi M; Nakahara K; Takeshita T; Shimotakahara S; Uozumi K; Hanada S; Department of Internal Medicine, Minami Kyushu Chuo National; Hospital.
A 51-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital complaining of lymphadenopathy in June, 1987. Lymph node biopsy revealed diffuse lymphoma, mixed cell type according to the LSG classification. On hematological examinations, leukocyte has counted 12,400/microliters, of which 15% abnormal lymphocytes containing human T
Knupp CA; Shyu WC; Dolin R; Valentine FT; McLaren C; Martin RR; Pittman KA; Barbhaiya RH; Department of Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Bristol-Myers; Squibb Company, Syracuse, NY 13221-4755.
The pharmacokinetics of didanosine (2 ,3 -dideoxyinosine) after intravenous and oral administration were evaluated in an open, escalating-dose phase I study in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or severe AIDS-related complex. Didanosine was administered twice a day for 2 weeks as an intravenous i
Akrigg A; Wilkinson GW; Angliss S; Greenaway PJ; PHLS Centre for Applied Microbiology and Research, Porton Down,; Salisbury, Wiltshire, UK.
A simple quantitative bioassay for infectious HIV-1 has been developed. The assay is based on adherent CD4+ HeLa cell lines stably transfected with episomal vectors carrying the Escherichia coli beta-galactosidase gene under the control of the HIV long terminal repeat (LTR) promoter. HIV infection of these cell lines
Chaisson RE; Fuchs E; Stanton DL; Quinn TC; Hendricksen C; Bartlett JG; Farzadegan H; Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School; of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205.
We compared the prevalence of HIV p24 antigenemia in black and white US patients with HIV infection. The prevalence of HIV antigenemia increased with severity of HIV disease (P less than 0.001). In all clinical categories, whites were more likely to be HIV-antigenemic than blacks (overall prevalence 38 versus 18%; P l
Anderson RE; Shiboski SC; Royce R; Jewell NP; Lang W; Winkelstein W Jr; ViRx Inc., San Francisco, California.
The relationship between CD8+ lymphocyte counts and progression to AIDS was studied in 340 HIV-1-seropositive men participating in a population-based prospective study. Overall, the relative hazard for developing AIDS during 60 months of observation was slightly elevated (1.08, P = 0.003), indicating an 8% increase in
Karn J; Dingwall C; Finch JT; Heaphy S; Gait MJ; Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology,; Cambridge, UK.
HIV-1 tat protein binds specifically to HIV-1 TAR RNA. A Scatchard analysis of tat binding has shown that the purified protein forms a one-to-one complex with HIV-1 TAR RNA with a dissociation constant of Kd = 12 nM. Tat binding in vitro is dependent upon the presence of 3 non-base paired U residues which produce a b
Grimaldi LM; Castagna A; Maimone D; Martino GV; Dolci A; Pristera R; Lazzarin A; Roos RP; Clinica Neurologica IV, Universita di Milano, IRCCS H. San; Raffaele, Italy.
We measured kappa/lambda light chain ratios of Ig and IgG in 41 serum and 34 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from 47 patients at different clinical stages of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection and in serum and CSF samples from control subjects. Both ratios were more elevated in HIV-1 seropositive
The SCID-hu mouse is a small animal in which human hematolymphoid organs can be engrafted and maintained in vivo. In this study, parameters are described for reproducible infection of SCID-hu mice after i.v. inoculation. Infection was found to be dependent upon the time after inoculation, the virus isolate, the titer
Ann Allergy. 1991 May;66(5):436-40. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91241639
Mazza DS; O'Sullivan M; Grieco MH; Department of Medicine, St. Luke's/Roosevelt Hospital Center, New; York, New York.
A 34-year-old female with HIV-1 infection detected by positive serology in 1983 subsequently developed acute granulomatous interstitial pneumonitis, eosinophilic gastroenteritis, and angioedema associated with the ingestion of vanilla ice cream and tangerines. The enteritis and angioedema symptoms appeared to respond
Griffin DE; Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of; Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
The herpesviruses (particularly HSV) are the only CNS viral infections for which reasonably clear guidelines exist for specific antiviral treatment. However, data are also beginning to emerge for specific antiviral therapy of HIV-associated CNS disease despite the lack of a clear understanding of the pathogenesis of t
Mazerolles F; Hauss P; Barbat C; Figdor CG; Fischer A; INSERM U 132, Hopital des Enfants Malades, Paris, France.
Heterotypic adhesion of T lymphocytes to monocytes, B lymphocytes, or other target cells is mainly mediated by LFA-1 and CD2 molecules. Low-affinity binding of resting T cells can be transiently up-regulated by cross-linking of CD3. We have previously found that binding of specific ligands to CD4 can down-regulate adh
Griffiths DA; Hall SD; Sokol PP; Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue; University, W. Lafayette, Indiana.
3 -Azido-3 -deoxythymidine ( AZT ), a nucleoside analog effective against the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome virus, is actively secreted by rat, rabbit and human kidney. The mechanism of AZT transport across the basolateral membrane was characterize
Boyer V; Desgranges C; Trabaud MA; Fischer E; Kazatchkine MD; Unite de Recherche sur les Hepatites, le SIDA, et les; Retrovirus Humains, INSERM U 271, Lyon, France.
Incubation of the human T cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV)-IIIB and HTLV-RF strains of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) with normal seronegative human serum under conditions that allow complement activation resulted in enhancement of infection of the MT2 human T cell line cultured in the presence of low amoun
Nicholas J; Nevins JR; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Microbiology and; Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North; Carolina 27710.
The HTLV-1 LTR is trans-activated by both the HTLV-1 tax (p40x) and adenovirus E1A gene products. Previous experiments have localized tax-responsive cis-elements to three 21-bp repeat units within the promoter, as well as a fourth region located between the middle and proximal repeats. A sequence TGACG, resembling the
Arrigo SJ; Chen IS; Department of Microbiology, University of California, Los Angeles; School of Medicine.
The effect of Rev on cytoplasmic accumulation of the singly spliced human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) vif, vpr, and env/vpu RNAs was examined by using a quantitative RNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis following transfection of complete proviral molecular clones into lymphoid cells. Previously publi
Wiegand M; Moller AA; Schreiber W; Krieg JC; Fuchs D; Wachter H; Holsboer F; Max-Planck-Institut fur Psychiatrie, Klinisches Institut,; Munich, Federal Republic of Germany.
Nocturnal sleep was studied in 14 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients without opportunistic infections of the central nervous system. Seven patients had no bodily complaints at the time of the investigation. Patients exhibited an impaired nocturnal sleep with longer sleep onset latency, reduced total
Twigg HL 3d; Weissler JC; Yoffe B; Ball EJ; Lipscomb MF; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern; Medical Center, Dallas 75235.
Previous studies suggested that peripheral blood monocytes (Mo) from HIV-infected patients were poor accessory cells (AC), although most of these studies were limited by using autologous T cells as responders. Using allogeneic T cells from uninfected volunteers as responders, the current studies demonstrate that Mo fr
Alexandre C; Verrier B; Unite Mixte 103 CNRS-BioMerieux, Ecole Normale Superieure de; Lyon, Lyon, France.
Expression of the human c-fos proto-oncogene is activated in trans by the Tax protein encoded by human T-cell leukemia virus type-1 (HTLV-1). Indeed, we show here that a HeLa clone stably transfected by Tax expresses Fos at a high level. We also show that multiple elements of the human c-fos promoter, i.e. the v-sis c
Maekawa T; Matsuda S; Fujisawa J; Yoshida M; Ishii S; Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Tsukuba Life Science Center,; Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN), Ibaraki,; Japan.
The adenovirus E1A protein and tax protein (Tax) of human T-cell leukemia virus-1 (HTLV-1) are transcriptional regulators that do not bind to DNA directly. The ATF sites/CRE (cyclic AMP response element) of the adenovirus E4 promoter and the long terminal repeat of HTLV-1 have been shown to be required for E1A and Tax
Juhl K; AIDS Beratungsstelle der Behorde fur Arbeit, Gesundheit und; Soziales, Hamburg.
This study investigates the impact of AIDS at the workplace for various occupational fields. Additionally, employees interest in AIDS-related information and education is studied. 448 employees in Hamburg completed a questionnaire on these issues. The results show marked differences between medical staff and all othe
Quint L; Sadoun D; Valeyre D; Soler P; Georges R; Battesti JP; Service de Pneumologie, Hopital Avicenne, Bobigny.
We report 4 cases of histologically proven sarcoidosis with lymphocytic alveolitis. The T CD4+/T CD8+ ratio was below 1 in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Since there was no clinical and paraclinical evidence of extrinsic allergic alveolitis or HIV infection, and since 3 of the patients were nonsmokers and the 4th o
Blood. 1991 May 1;77(9):1884-93. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91208398
Bussel JB; Graziano JN; Kimberly RP; Pahwa S; Aledort LM; Department of Pediatrics, New York Hospital, New York, NY.
The efficacy, toxicity, and mechanism of effect of intravenous Anti-D (Winrho) were studied in 43 Rh+ patients with immune thrombocytopenia purpura (ITP) who had not undergone splenectomy and in three already splenectomized patients. The mean platelet increase for the 43 nonsplenectomized patients was 95,000/microL (m
Hasan FA; Jeffers LJ; Dickinson G; Otrakji CL; Greer PJ; Reddy KR; Schiff ER; Department of Hepatology, University of Miami School of Medicine,; Florida.
A cholestatic syndrome caused by sclerosing cholangitis and papillary stenosis has been described in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and hepatobiliary cryptosporidiosis and cytomegalovirus infection. The case of a 41-year-old homosexual man with the acquired im
Sixbey JW; Shirley P; Sloas M; Raab-Traub N; Israele V; Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research; Hospital, Memphis, TN 38101-0318.
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) obtained directly from the oropharynx was used to detect viral DNA deleted for the EBV nuclear antigen 2 (EBNA2)-encoding gene that is essential for lymphocyte transformation. By polymerase chain reaction analysis, the deletion was found in virus from 5 of 33 healthy adult donors and 11 of 12
Several infectious agents transmit through infected blood and blood products. To decrease the potential for disease transmission, donors are screened for risk factors by medical history and for evidence of infection by specific testing. The Food and Drug Administration ( FDA ) currently
Public Health Rep. 1991 Mar-Apr;106(2):111-5. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91212547
Roper WL; Centers for Disease Control, Public Health Service, Atlanta, GA; 30333.
The HIV education and prevention strategy of the Centers for Disease Control has three principal components: (a) public information and education, (b) education for school-aged populations, and (c) risk reduction education and individual counseling and testing services for people at increased risk of HIV infection. Th
Daugherty SA; Henry BE; Peterson DL; Swarts RL; Bastien S; Thomas RS; Department of Family Medicine, University of Nevada School of; Medicine, Reno 89557.
The clinical and laboratory findings from studies of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) from northern Nevada are summarized. Physicians caring for these patients have estimated that greater than 400 patients with CFS from northern Nevada and nearby communities in California were identified between 1984 and 1
Evans AS; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale University; School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510.
Studies have shown that a proportion of patients with severe chronic infection due to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) lack antibody to a component of EBV nuclear antigen. However, it is not clear whether this circumstance is one of cause or effect in regard to the pathogenesis of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS); it is clearly
CCTV-microscopic observation of nail-fold microcirculation was made on 11 AIDS patients and 11 healthy European adults. Unique severe microcirculatory disturbances were observed in these patients: (1) severe dysfunction of automatic alternative capillary blood flow perfusion. All the capillary loops in the same micros
Palefsky J; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San; Francisco.
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection has been strongly associated with development of anogenital squamous cell cancer. Cell-mediated immunity likely plays an important role in prevention of HPV-associated disease, and HPV-associated squamous cell cancer has been shown to occur with increased frequency among iatrogenic
Goldenberg D; Laschinger H; Faculty of Nursing, University of Western Ontario, London.
Few investigators have studied nurses or nursing students responses to caring for AIDS patients. The purpose of this exploratory study was to test the Ajzen-Fishbein (1980) Theory of Reasoned Action in a student nurse population about AIDS patient care. This theory offers an approach to explaining individuals inten
Mullins JI; Hoover EA; Quackenbush SL; Donahue PR; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University; School of Medicine, California 94305-5402.
A fatal immunodeficiency syndrome with clinical and pathologic features similar to human AIDS is inducible in cats by experimental inoculation with a specific strain of feline leukemia virus (FeLV) called FeLV-FAIDS. The course of the feline disease is characterized by an age-dependent prodromal period during which a
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 May 1;88(9):4005-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91219501
Buckler AJ; Chang DD; Graw SL; Brook JD; Haber DA; Sharp PA; Housman DE; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology,; Cambridge 02139.
We have developed a method, exon amplification, for fast and efficient isolation of coding sequences from complex mammalian genomic DNA. This method is based on the selection of RNA sequences, exons, which are flanked by functional 5 and 3 splice sites. Fragments of cloned genomic DNA are inserted into an intron, wh
Willems L; Romond PC; Ghysdael J; Burny A; Kettmann R; Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Agronomy, Gembloux,; Belgium.
Transactivator proteins of the bovine leukemia (BLV) and human T-lymphotropic (HTLV) viruses increase long terminal repeat (LTR)-directed viral gene expression and act as immortalizing oncogenes in tissue culture. We report here that the BLV tax gene sequence contains an enhancer-like activity. The X long open reading
Berberich SL; Stoltzfus CM; Program in Genetics, University of Iowa, Iowa City 52242.
Quantitative determinations of spliced and unspliced viral RNA early after retrovirus infection or after transient transfection with proviral DNA have been difficult because of low intracellular viral RNA levels. In this report we describe conditions for the sensitive and quantitative assay of unspliced viral RNA and
Am J Pathol. 1991 May;138(5):1149-64. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91221185
Tseng CK; Hughes MA; Hsu PL; Mahoney S; Duvic M; Sell S; Department of Pathology, Medical School, University of Texas; Health Science Center, Houston 77030.
Superinfection of latently human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected rabbits with either Treponema pallidum or Shope fibroma virus (SFV) activates HIV expression. In addition, HIV-infected rabbits demonstrate prolonged cutaneous lesions (chancres) after intracutaneous challenge with T. pallidum, the causative agent
Hommes MJ; Romijn JA; Endert E; Eeftinck Schattenkerk JK; Sauerwein HP; Department of Endocrinology, University of Amsterdam, The; Netherlands.
1. In eight clinically stable symptomatic human-immunodeficiency-virus-infected patients and in seven healthy control subjects, glucose and fat metabolism were studied, using indirect calorimetry and primed continuous infusions of [3-3H]glucose and [14C]palmitate. 2. Studies were performed in the post-absorptive state
Eur Respir J. 1991 Jan;4(1):10-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91224286
Heurlin N; Brattstrom C; Lonnqvist B; Westman L; Lidman C; Andersson J; Dept. of Pulmonary Diseases, Huddinge University Hospital,; Sweden.
Fibreoptic bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), transbronchial lung biopsy (TBB) and brushing was performed, in 134 episodes of pulmonary disease in 118 compromised patients. Sixty eight of the patients were infected with immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), 18 were renal and pancreas transplant recipient
Falk S; Falk C; Stutte HJ; Senckenbergisches Zentrum der Pathologie im Klinikum,; J.-W.-Goethe-Universitat, Frankfurt/Main.
50 conisation or hysterectomy specimens with different degrees of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), carcinoma in situ (CiS) or invasive carcinoma, as well as controls, were studied by conventional histological methods as well as by immunohistochemistry. In CIN I and II there is a significant reduction of T lym
Immunol Lett. 1991 Feb;27(2):81-4. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91224702
Martin SJ; O'Neill TP; Bilello JA; Eiseman JL; University of Maryland Cancer Center, Baltimore 21201.
Bovine immunodeficiency-like virus (BIV) is a lentiviral pathogen of cattle which is genetically and antigenically related to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1). To determine the impact of BIV infection on the bovine immune system we studied the lymphocyte transformation responses of male Holstein calves inocula
Ulmer JB; Palade GE; Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine,; New Haven, Connecticut 06510.
This paper documents the effects of brefeldin A (BFA) on the processing and transport of viral envelope glycoproteins in a retrovirus-transformed murine erythroleukemia (MEL) cell line. BFA is a fungal metabolite that disrupts intracellular membrane traffic at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi complex junction. In
Cabrera ME; Gray AM; Cartier L; Araya F; Hirsh T; Ford AM; Greaves MF; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de; Chile, Santiago.
This paper reports a case of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma associated with human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) diagnosed in a Chilean patient who developed after 1 1/2 years a crisis with a progressive sensorimotor polyneuropathy. Serum and cerebrospinal fluid HTLV-I antibody tests were positive and HTLV-
Nature. 1991 May 2;351(6321):78-80. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91226542
Thomson BJ; Efstathiou S; Honess RW; Division of Virology, National Institute for Medical Research,; Mill Hill, London, UK.
Human herpesvirus type-6 (HHV-6) is a recently isolated herpesvirus which is highly prevalent in adult populations around the world. HHV-6 was first isolated from the peripheral blood of six individuals with lymphoproliferative disorders, two of whom were also infected with human immunodeficiency virus. HHV-6, in comm
Hall AJ; Jennens ID; Lucas CR; MacLean H; Sandland AM; University of Melbourne, Department of Ophthalmology, Victoria,; Australia.
45 patients on maintenance ganciclovir for treated cytomegalovirus ( CMV ) retinitis were reviewed retrospectively. Treatment was given at 30 mg/kg/week in 3 divided doses: Monday, Wednesday, Friday. The median time to clinical
Am J Med. 1991 May;90(5):614-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91229119
Marcus R; Favero MS; Banerjee S; Solomon SL; Bell DM; Jarvis WR; Martone WJ; Hospital Infections Program, Centers for Disease Control,; Atlanta, Georgia 30333.
PURPOSE: The purpose of this voluntary multicenter study was to estimate the prevalence and incidence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and the risk of nosocomial transmission of HIV in hemodialysis patients in the United States . PATIENTS AND METHODS: In June 1986, we beg
Fincham JE; Gouws E; Woodroof CW; van Wyk MJ; Kruger M; Smuts CM; van Jaarsveld PJ; Taljaard JJ; Schall R; Strauss JA; et al; Research Institute for Nutritional Diseases, South African; Medical Research Council, Tygerberg.
Prolonged testing of marine fish oil (FO) as a dietary supplement is necessary because of widespread claims that it is antiatherogenic. The basis for such claims is inadequate because atherogenesis is chronic and may not respond to short-term changes induced by dietary treatments. A proven (vervet) model of atheroscle
Biochemistry. 1991 May 14;30(19):4663-71. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91230100
Rao JK; Erickson JW; Wlodawer A; Macromolecular Structure Laboratory, National Cancer; Institute-Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center,; Maryland 21702.
Three-dimensional crystal structures of the homologous retroviral proteinases from Rous sarcoma virus (RSV PR) and from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1 PR) are to a large extent similar and bear close resemblance to the six known structures of the bilobal fungal and mammalian aspartic proteinases. Systematic three
Lee SD; Chan CY; Wang YJ; Wu JC; Lai KH; Tsai YT; Lo KJ; Department of Medicine, Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan,; Republic of China.
The prevalence of antibody to hepatitis C virus among Chinese subjects in Taiwan was evaluated using a commercially available enzyme immunoassay. The overall prevalence of antibody to hepatitis C virus was 0.28% among 1,419 healthy
Coma del Corral MJ; Fachal Bermudez C; Ojeda Gimenez C; Carretero Albinana L; Servicio de Anatomia Patologica, Hospital General Yague,; Burgos.
A 29-year-old homosexual man, with acquired immune deficiency syndrome was admitted to the hospital for evaluation of severe and recurrent epigastric pain, and important weight loss of 3-5 month duration. An upper gastrointestinal GI hemorrhage required an endoscopic examination which demonstrated a larger ulcer of th
Scharpe S; De Meester I; Hendriks D; Vanhoof G; van Sande M; Vriend G; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Antwerp, UIA,; Belgium.
A major incentive in inhibitor research is that control of limited proteolysis constitutes a valuable pharmacological tool. Protease inhibitors have proved to be successful in influencing pathogenesis in many experimental models but a breakthrough to use in human therapy has mainly been restricted to aprotinin and ang
Merchant VA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Detroit Mercy; School of Dentistry, Michigan.
Concern for transmission of microorganisms in dentistry extends beyond hepatitis B virus and HIV-1. The herpesviruses--HSV, VZV, EBV, HCMV, and HHV-6--cause persistent infections in most of the population and are shed in saliva. Seronegative or immunocompromised dental-care providers and patients are at greatest risk
Fortschr Med. 1991 Mar 10;109(7):169-72. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91236066
Prufer-Kramer L; Kramer A; II. Medizinische Klinik Freien Universitat Berlin.
Fifty to eighty per cent of patients with AIDS-related complex or AIDS have gastrointestinal symptoms, the most common being dysphagia, diarrhea, or perianal lesions. The symptomatology varies from a mild gay bowel syndrome to a severe diarrhea wasting syndrome. In patients with lymphadenopathy syndrome and AIDS the m
Law CL; Qassim M; Thompson CH; Rose BR; Grace J; Morris BJ; Cossart YE; STD Centre, Sydney Hospital.
OBJECTIVES--(I) to determine the relative sensitivities of clinical examination, cytology and HPV DNA hybridisation for the detection of anal human papillomavirus infection; and (ii) to examine various factors which may influence presentation of anal human papillomavirus infection in homosexual men. METHODS AND RESULT
J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1991 Mar 15;198(6):1049-51. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91236510
Brightman AH 2d; Ogilvie GK; Tompkins M; Department of Surgery and Medicine, College of Veterinary; Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506.
A total of 147 cats positive for FeLV were retrospectively studied to determine the incidence of ocular disease. Of those cats, 97 had clinical cases of the disease and 50 were artificially infected with the virus. The incidence of ocular disease among FeLV-positive cats with clinical signs of disease was less than 2%
Rand TH; Cruikshank WW; Center DM; Weller PF; Harvard Thorndike Laboratory, Charles A. Dana Research Institute,; Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Hospital and Harvard Medical; School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215.
Lymphocyte chemoattractant factor (LCF) is a tetrameric glycoprotein of 56,000 relative molecular mass produced by activated T lymphocytes. LCF binds to CD4 and has previously been found to stimulate migration of CD4+ lymphocytes and monocytes. Because human eosinophils, like T cells and monocytes, express CD4, we exa
Campbell ME; McCorkindale S; Everett RD; Onions DE; Department of Veterinary Pathology, Glasgow University, U.K.
Infection with human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) was found to up-regulate expression of human immunodeficiency virus and human T cell leukaemia virus type I (HTLV-I) long terminal repeat sequence (LTR), and herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) gD chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) constructs transfected into the T cell
Choi WS; Pal-Ghosh R; Morrow CD; Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama, Birmingham; 35294.
Recent studies have demonstrated that genomes of poliovirus with deletions in the P1 (capsid) region contain the necessary viral information for RNA replication. To test the effects of the substitution of foreign genes on RNA replication and protein expression, chimeric human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-poli
Horvat RT; Wood C; Josephs SF; Balachandran N; Department of Microbiology, University of Kansas, Lawrence 66045.
Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) can activate the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) promoter and accelerate cytopathic effects in HIV-infected human T cells. This study examines the regions of the HIV promoter required for HHV-6 transactivation in a heterogeneous population of primary human T lymphocytes with or without a
Mergia A; Shaw KE; Pratt-Lowe E; Barry PA; Luciw PA; Department of Medical Pathology, University of California, Davis; 95616.
Simian foamy virus type 1 (SFV-1), a member of spumavirus subfamily of retroviruses, encodes a transcriptional transactivator that functions to strongly augment gene expression directed by the viral long terminal repeat (LTR). The objective of this study was to identify the viral gene responsible for transactivation.
Brown PH; Tiley LS; Cullen BR; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University Medical Center,; Durham, North Carolina 27710.
During transcription of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 provirus, polyadenylation signals present in the 5 long terminal repeat (LTR) are disregarded while the identical polyadenylation signals present in the 3 LTR are utilized efficiently. As both transcribed LTR sequences contain all signals known to be re
Med Clin (Barc). 1991 Jan 26;96(3):81-4. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91238256
Gomez E; Alberca I; Vicente V; Gonzalez M; Martin AM; Corral M; Cordero M; Lopez Borrasca A; Servicio de Hematologia, Hospital Clinico, Salamanca.
The presence of antibodies (Abs) against hepatitis C virus (HCV) was analyzed in 26 haemophiliac patients; a prevalence of 38% was found in the total series and 56% in the treated patients. There were no cases with a positive serology among the three patients who had only received pasteurized factor. The frequency of
Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1991 Mar;44(3):283-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91241442
de Beer P; el Harith A; Deng LL; Semiao-Santos SJ; Chantal B; van Grootheest M; Medecins Sans-Frontieres-Holland, Amersterdam, The Netherlands.
A fatal disease epidemic affected the Bentiu area in southern Sudan and led to a mass migration of the Nuer tribe searching for treatment. The initially available information revealed a high mortality rate due to a possible occurrence of tuberculosis, malaria, enteric fever or visce
Annu Rev Med. 1991;42:247-59. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91241720
Freifeld AG; Ostrove JM; Medical Virology Section, National Institute of Allergy and; Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda,; Maryland 20892.
In recent years, substantial advances in antiviral therapy have been made; however, in the immunocompromised host, antiviral drug resistance is becoming an issue of increasing clinical importance. Understanding the mechanism of action of antiviral agents, especially those used to treat herpesvirus infections, may enab
Lifson AR; Buchbinder SP; Sheppard HW; Mawle AC; Wilber JC; Stanley M; Hart CE; Hessol NA; Holmberg SD; AIDS Program, Department of Public Health, San Francisco.
From a prospective cohort study, 24 asymptomatic men were identified who had been antibody positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) for at least 5 years (median = 9.1) with CD4+ lymphocyte counts greater than or equal to 400 cells/mm3. Of these nonprogressors, 23 (96%) had evidence of HIV infection by either HI
Lucey DR; McGuire SA; Clerici M; Hall K; Benton J; Butzin CA; Ward WW; Shearer G; Boswell RN; Hendrix CW; Department of Medicine, Wilford Hall USAF Medical Center,; Lackland Air Force Base, Texas.
Beta 2-microglobulin levels were measured in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum of 163 human immunodeficiency virus-positive (HIV+) persons with normal neurologic physical examinations. None were on antiretroviral therapy. Only 3% had a positive CSF HIV p24 antigen test. The CSF beta 2-microglobulin levels increa
Roilides E; Clerici M; DePalma L; Rubin M; Pizzo PA; Shearer GM; Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda,; MD 20892.
Helper T-cell function was evaluated in 34 children infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1, by assessing interleukin-2 production after stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with recall antigens (influenza virus, tetanus toxoid), allogeneic HLA, and phytohemagglutinin. In addition, helper T-cell
Hjelle B; Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico School of; Medicine, Albuquerque 87131.
Human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus type I (HTLV-I) was discovered in 1980, and it subsequently was found to be the cause of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. A progressive neurologic disease known as tropical spastic paraparesis, or HTLV-I-associated myelopathy, has also been linked to infection with HTLV-I. A related
Gautier V; Chanez P; Vendrell JP; Pujol JL; Lacoste JY; De Faucal H; Godard P; Michel FB; Department of Respiratory Diseases, Montpellier, France.
Three cases of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia occurring in adults with unexplained T-cell defects are reported. No HIV markers were found during the follow up, and neither was any immunosuppressive disease. The authors emphasize the possibility that Pneumocystis pneumonia may occur and may be treated successfully in p
Gene. 1991 Mar 15;99(2):261-5. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE GENBANK/M31699
Tsunetsugu-Yokota Y; Tatsumi M; Robert V; Devaux C; Spire B; Chermann JC; Hirsch I; Unite de Recherches sur les Retrovirus et Maladies Associees,; U322 de l'INSERM, Marseille, France.
Vectors derived from the Escherichia coli filamentous phage, fd-tet, expressing parts of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) gag genes were constructed and analyzed. The immunoreactive domain of HIV Gag antigens was produced in the form of a fusion protein, with a phage minor coat protein, called protein III, playi
DeCarli C; Fugate L; Falloon J; Eddy J; Katz DA; Friedland RP; Rapoport SI; Brouwers P; Pizzo PA; Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging,; National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.
The ventricular area at the level of the foramen of Monro was measured from axial x-ray computed tomography (CT) scans obtained prior to and 6 months after the initiation of continuous infusion of zidovudine (ZDV) in eight children with human immunodeficiency virus-induced encephalopathy. Evidence of moderate to sever
Rarick MU; Loureiro C; Groshen S; Sullivan-Halley J; Gill PS; Bernstein-Singer M; Levine AM; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Southern; California School of Medicine, Los Angeles 90033.
The pathophysiology of anemia in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is multifactorial. In order to determine the role of erythropoietin (EPO) response as a cause of the anemia, serum levels were determined by direct radioimmunoassay in 110 symptomatic patients with various stages of HIV infecti
Fletcher MA; Gjerset GF; Hassett J; Donegan E; Parker JW; Mosley JW; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami,; Florida.
The Transfusion Safety Study retrospectively screened a repository of serum specimens collected in late 1984-early 1985 to identify blood donors with antibody to human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV) at that time. They and their recipients have been traced for additional HTLV studies. Immunophenotypic analyses of per
Moore RD; Creagh-Kirk T; Keruly J; Link G; Wang MC; Richman D; Chaisson RE; Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md.
An epidemiologic study was initiated in 1987 to evaluate the long-term safety and efficacy of zidovudine in patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus disease. Data from 886 patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or AIDS-related complex and CD4+ lymphocyte count less than 0.25 x 10(9)/L a
Folkers K; Hanioka T; Xia LJ; McRee JT Jr; Langsjoen P; Institute for Biomedical Research, University of Texas, Austin; 78713.
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is indispensable to biochemical mechanisms of bioenergetics, and it has a non-specific role as an antioxidant. CoQ10 has shown a hematological activity for the human and has shown an influence on the host defense system. The T4/T8 ratios of lymphocytes are known to be low in patients with AIDS, AR
Connor RI; Rigby WF; Department of Microbiology, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, NH; 03756.
Pretreatment of freshly isolated human peripheral blood monocytes with the steroid hormone, 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)D), markedly reduced (by 95%) productive infection of human monocytes by HIV-1. Equivalent concentrations (10nM) of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D), the biologic precursor of 1,25(OH)D, we
Mandelli C; Conte D; Barbera R; Masullo T; Pistoso S; Aimo GP; Cesarini L; Fraguelli M; Lorini GP; Bianchi PA; et al; Patologia Medica III, Ospedale Policlinico, Milano, Italy.
In a series of 646 heroin addicts anti-HIV was detected in 428 (66.2%) and HBsAg in 53 (8.2%). Forty-eight (90.5%) of the latter had concomitant chronic HDV infection. Markers of past HBV infection were found in 481 (74.4%). The prevalence of anti-HIV was significantly higher in the 534 subjects with HBV markers than
J Immunol. 1991 May 15;146(10):3413-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91225478
Macchia D; Parronchi P; Piccinni MP; Simonelli C; Mazzetti M; Ravina A; Milo D; Maggi E; Romagnani S; Division of Allergology and Clinical Immunology and Internal; Medicine, University of Florence, Italy.
Eleven (nine CD4+ and two CD8+) protein purified derivative-specific and eight tetanus toxoid-specific T cell clones (TCC), established from the peripheral blood of healthy persons, were cocultured in vitro with irradiated mononuclear cells from patients infected by HIV in the presence of PHA and polybrene. Two weeks
Flegg PJ; Brettle RP; Regional Infectious Diseases Unit, City Hospital, Edinburgh,; Scotland, U.K.
We are now witnessing the anticipated explosion of cases of AIDS resulting from the epidemic of HIV infection among Edinburgh drug users in the first half of the last decade. We expect the number of new cases of AIDS to continue to increase, although the rate at which they do so may be mitigated by intervention which
Radcliffe KW; McLean KA; Benbow AG; Department of Genitourinary Medicine, Charing Cross Hospital,; London, U.K.
A 25-year-old homosexual man with a childhood history of rheumatic heart disease presented with painful joints, fever and chest pain. He was diagnosed as having acute rheumatic fever and was found to be HIV antibody-positive. His illness responded to conventional treatment but he had a persistently low CD4 lymphocyte
Lancet. 1991 May 11;337(8750):1119-21. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91226235
Everall IP; Luthert PJ; Lantos PL; Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Psychiatry, London,; UK.
In an attempt to elucidate the cause and mechanism of the dementia and other neurological disorders that can occur in HIV-1 infection, we have quantitatively assessed neuronal populations, by means of a stereological technique (the disector), in the frontal cortex of patients with
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 1991 Feb 28;331(1260):123-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91227362
Royce LA; Rossignol PA; Burgett DM; Stringer BA; Department of Entomology, Oregon State University, Corvallis; 97331-2907.
Based on population dynamics, tracheal mite (Acarapis woodi) parasitism of colonies of honey bees (Apis mellifera) appears to be, potentially at least, regulatory and stable. Empirical and theoretical considerations suggest, however, that intracolony population dynamics of mite-honey bee worker seem to be unstable in
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 1991 Feb 28;331(1260):171-87. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91227363
Blower SM; Hartel D; Dowlatabadi H; Anderson RM; May RM; Department of Pure & Applied Biology, Imperial College of Science; & Technology, London, U.K.
A data-based mathematical model was formulated to assess the epidemiological consequences of heterosexual, intravenous drug use (IVDU) and perinatal transmission in New York City (NYC). The model was analysed to clarify the relationship between heterosexual and IVDU transmission and to provide qualitative and quantita
Hansen JE; Nielsen C; Mathiesen LR; Nielsen JO; Department of Infectious Diseases, Hvidovre Hospital, Denmark.
Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against the alpha- and beta-chain of lymphocyte-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) were examined for inhibition of HIV-1 infection in vitro. Infection of the T cell line MT4 and the monocytic cell line U937 by isolates HTLVIIIB and SSI-002, respectively was inhibited in a concentration dependent
Am J Gastroenterol. 1991 May;86(5):570-3. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91229033
Bonacini M; Govindarajan S; Redeker AG; USC Liver Unit, Rancho Los Amigos Hospital, Downey, California.
The influence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection on the clinical course of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is controversial. We followed a cohort of 64 homosexual men with persistent HBs antigenemia for a median of 24 months in the hepatitis clinic of a large urban public hospital. We divided th
Am J Med. 1991 May;90(5):595-600. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91229116
Schwartzman WA; Lambertus MW; Kennedy CA; Goetz MB; Department of Medicine, UCLA.
PURPOSE: We describe the manifestations of spontaneous staphylococcal pyomyositis in patients infected by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). PATIENTS AND METHODS: We present the courses of five previously unreported patients infected by HIV who presented to our medical centers with spontaneous staphylococcal pyom
Gentric A; Blaschek M; Julien C; Jouquan J; Pennec Y; Berthelot JM; Mottier D; Casburn-Budd R; Youinou P; Department of Internal Medicine, Brest University Medical School,; France.
Fifty-six human immunodeficiency virus-1-positive asymptomatic carriers were tested for the presence of a variety of nonorgan-specific autoantibodies. Antinuclear antibodies were detected in 34 sera, of which 27 were directed to the mitotic spindle apparatus and all were of the IgG isotype. Anti-Golgi complex, anti-ce
Lancet. 1991 Jun 1;337(8753):1313-4. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91232292
Bowden FJ; McPhee DA; Deacon NJ; Cumming SA; Doherty RR; Sonza S; Lucas CR; Crowe SM; AIDS Pathogenesis Research Unit, Fairfield, Victoria, Australia.
A homosexual man with histologically confirmed Kaposi s sarcoma remained seronegative for HIV-1, HIV-2, and HTLV-1 on conventional tests over a 4-year period. HIV cultures were also negative on thirteen separate occasions. However, serum antibodies to synthetic peptide analogues of the gp41 and nef regions of HIV-1 we
Lancet. 1991 Jun 1;337(8753):1328-31. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91232300
Mitchell SW; Mboup S; Mingle J; Sambe D; Tukei P; Milenge K; Nyamongo J; Mubarak OK; Sankale JL; Hanson DS; et al; Family Health International, Research Triangle Park Branch,; Durham, North Carolina 27709.
A rapid immunobinding assay ( HIVCHEK , Ortho) and an agglutination assay ( Serodia-HIV , Fujirebio) were evaluated as an alternative to enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and western blot under field conditions in Africa for detection of antibody to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). 7106 specimens were teste
Taylor JM; Tan SJ; Detels R; Giorgi JV; UCLA School of Public Health.
Data from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) of 1637 gay men, recruited in 1984 and 1985 in Los Angeles and followed at 6-monthly intervals, are used to develop a computer simulation model of the typical pattern of CD4 T-cell number changes in HIV-infected AIDS-free subjects. The empirical model incorporates the
Fuchs D; Shearer GM; Boswell RN; Lucey DR; Clerici M; Reibnegger G; Werner ER; Zajac RA; Wachter H; Institute of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of; Innsbruck, Austria.
Hematopoietic disturbances are common in patients with HIV-1 infection. Recent studies on immune activation markers such as neopterin demonstrate that HIV-1 infection is associated with chronic immune activation. We investigated a possible association between serum neopterin concentrations and blood cell counts (CD4+
Park IW; Steen R; Li Y; New England Regional Primate Research Center, Harvard Medical; School, Southborough, Massachusetts 01772.
Cytoplasmic poly(A)+ RNA was isolated from CEMX721.174 cells 5 to 10 days after infection with molecularly cloned simian immunodeficiency virus SIVmac239. Expression of SIV RNA was analyzed by Northern (RNA) blot hybridization and by sequencing of cDNA clones. As expected, a splice donor site was demonstrated in the u
Layne SP; Merges MJ; Spouge JL; Dembo M; Nara PL; Theoretical Biology and Biophysics Group, Los Alamos National; Laboratory, New Mexico 87545.
Quantitative infectivity assays were used to study how the blocking activity of soluble CD4 (sCD4) is affected by sCD4 concentration, target cell density, and viral stock age. During incubation with 20 nM sCD4, human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) stocks underwent irreversible inactivation. In contrast, inactiv
Watanabe M; Ringler DJ; Fultz PN; MacKey JJ; Boyson JE; Levine CG; Letvin NL; Harvard Medical School, New England Regional Primate Research; Center, Southborough, Massachusetts 01772.
The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) readily infects both humans and chimpanzees, but the pathologic outcomes of infection in these two species differ greatly. In attempts to identify virus-cell interactions that might account for this differential pathogenicity, chimpanzee peripheral blood lymphocytes and
N Engl J Med. 1991 Jun 13;324(24):1677-84. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91238907
Redfield RR; Birx DL; Ketter N; Tramont E; Polonis V; Davis C; Brundage JF; Smith G; Johnson S; Fowler A; et al; Department of Retroviral Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of; Research, Rockville, Md. 20850.
BACKGROUND. Despite multiple antiviral humoral and cellular immune responses, infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) results in a progressively debilitating disease. We hypothesized that a more effective immune response could be generated by post-infection vaccination with HIV-specific antigens. METHODS
Am J Psychiatry. 1991 Jun;148(6):733-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91241396
Kessler RC; Foster C; Joseph J; Ostrow D; Wortman C; Phair J; Chmiel J; Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; 48106-1248.
OBJECTIVE: The authors goal is to provide basic epidemiologic data on the issue of reactivity to stress and HIV symptom onset by studying the relationship between a broad set of naturally occurring stressor events and HIV natural history in a large longitudinal community sample of HIV-seropositive homosexual men. MET
Mousset B; Bigot A; Heusterspreute M; Goebbels P; Zohoun I; Larzul D; Kettmann R; Delferriere N; Vercruysse V; Bodeus M; et al; Departement de Microbiologie, Faculte de Medecine, UCL,; Belgium.
Benin is located in West Africa and is situated between HIV-2 and HIV-1-endemic zones. The first cases of HIV-1 infection in Benin were reported in 1987. Since then, AIDS cases have been diagnosed there and the number of known HIV-seropositive people has rapidly increased. Blood sam
Kimura S; Matsuda J; Ikematsu S; Miyazono K; Ito A; Nakahata T; Minamitani M; Shimada K; Shiokawa Y; Takaku F; Department of Infectious Diseases and Applied Immunology,; University of Tokyo, Japan.
The efficacy of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) on neutropenia was evaluated in 14 patients with AIDS and AIDS-related complex (ARC). In all patients, including 11 neutropenic patients, 100 or 200 micrograms/m2 of rhG-CSF significantly increased the neutrophil counts. The response was
New Biol. 1990 Dec;2(12):1091-100. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91208096
Chin DJ; Green GA; Zon G; Szoka FC Jr; Straubinger RM; Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San; Francisco 94143.
The intracellular transport and fate of nucleic acids is poorly understood. To study this process, we injected fluorescent oligodeoxyribonucleotides (oligos) into the cytoplasm of CV-1 epithelial cells and primary human fibroblasts. Rapid nuclear accumulation was found with the phosphodiester (PD), phosphorothioate (P
Zola H; Koh LY; Mantzioris BX; Rhodes D; Department of Clinical Immunology, Flinders Medical Centre,; Bedford Park, Australia.
Using a high-sensitivity immunofluorescence procedure, a proportion of blood lymphocytes can be shown to express the p55 chain of the IL-2 receptor (CD25, TAC) without in vitro stimulation. In this study, we measured the proportion of peripheral blood lymphocytes expre
Krowka JF; Singh B; Stites DP; Maino VC; Narindray D; Hollander H; Jain S; Chen H; Blackwood L; Steimer KS; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San; Francisco 94143.
Sera from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected study subjects and controls were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using 10 synthetic peptides to identify epitopes of HIV envelope glycoproteins (ENVgp) that were recognized by antibodies. Two epitopes of HIV ENVgp, ENVP466 (amino acids 466-481) and EN
DeStefano JJ; Buiser RG; Mallaber LM; Myers TW; Bambara RA; Fay PJ; Department of Biochemistry, University of Rochester, New York; 14642.
The functional interaction between the RNA-dependent DNA polymerase and the RNase H activities of reverse transcriptases (RTs) were examined using a 272 nucleotide long plasmid-derived RNA transcript primed in a specific location. Properties of the avian myeloblastosis virus (AMV) RT, the human immunodeficiency virus
Koup RA; Merluzzi VJ; Hargrave KD; Adams J; Grozinger K; Eckner RJ; Sullivan JL; Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Medical; School, Worcester 01605.
The dipyridodiazepinone human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-specific reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitor BI-RG-587 was tested for its ability to inhibit HIV-1 replication in both acutely and chronically infected cell lines. The ability of BI-RG-587 to inhibit steps in the virus replicative cycle other than re
Chang RS; Ding L; Chen GQ; Pan QC; Zhao ZL; Smith KM; Department of Medical Microbiology, University of California,; Davis 95616.
Dehydroandrographolide succinic acid monoester (DASM) is the dehydroandrographolyl ester of succinic acid; and andrographolide, from which DASM is made, is the major diterpenoid lactone found in the Chinese medicinal herb, Andrographis paniculata. DASM has been found to be an inhibitor against the human immunodeficien
Muller H; Weier S; Schneider M; Hubner K; Stutte HJ; Senckenbergisches Zentrum der Pathologie im Klinikum, J. W.; Goethe-Universitat, Frankfurt.
Bone marrow biopsies of 23 HIV-1 infected patients and 29 patients with myelodysplastic disorders were examined histologically by immuno- and enzyme-histochemical techniques and morphometrical methods. The nucleolar organizer regions (AgNOR) were demonstrated and visually counted. Hypercellularity in marrows of AIDS p
In this work the nursing intervention of the surgical patient with AIDS preoperatively, operatively and postoperatively is briefly described. Emphasis is given to the precaution procedures of the patient s care in the operating department.
Cancer Lett. 1991 Mar;56(3):197-205. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91215572
Furusawa E; Furusawa S; Chou SC; Department of Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine,; University of Hawaii, Honolulu 96822.
An antileukemic activity of partially purified polysaccharide of an edible seaweed. Viva-Natural, against Rauscher murine retrovirus-induced erythroleukemia has been demonstrated. This antileukemic effect is compared with standard anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) agents, azidothymidine (
Prince HE; Jensen ER; American Red Cross Blood Services, Los Angeles, California 90006.
Previously we showed that over 50% of CD8 cells from HIV-infected persons do not survive in 3-day cultures of mononuclear cells; this loss occurred preferentially in subsets with phenotypes indicative of in vivo activation. In the studies reported here, we asked if cytokines enhanced CD8 cell survival. Of IL1, IL2, IL
Int J Pept Protein Res. 1990 Dec;36(6):551-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91216704
Cornille F; Mely Y; Ficheux D; Savignol I; Gerard D; Darlix JL; Fournie-Zaluski MC; Roques BP; Department of Organic Chemistry, INSERM U266, CNRS UA498, UFR of; Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences, Paris, France.
The core of retroviruses contains a highly conserved, low molecular weight, basic protein that binds nucleic acids and is essential for genomic RNA packaging. The 56 amino acid protein, NCp10, of Moloney Murine Leukaemia virus (MoMuLV) has the CysX2 CysX4 HisX4 Cys zinc finger-like motif shared by all retrovirus nucle
Pluda JM; Mitsuya H; Yarchoan R; Division of Cancer Treatment, National Cancer Institute,; Bethesda, Maryland.
Hematologic abnormalities remain an important feature of HIV infection, and they often limit the therapy of this disorder. This is currently a field of intense research, and some progress has already been made. The current development of newer, less myelosuppressive therapies for HIV infection is encouraging. In addit
Krown SE; AIDS Task Force, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New; York.
Interferon-alpha is an effective treatment for a subset of patients with AIDS-associated Kaposi s sarcoma. When given at high doses to patients who lack systemic signs, symptoms, and opportunistic infections associated with advanced HIV infection and who maintain some degree of cell-mediated immune function, tumor reg
Warren RQ; Wolf H; Zajac RA; Boswell RN; Kanda P; Kennedy RC; Department of Virology and Immunology, Southwest Foundation for; Biomedical Research, San Antonio, Texas 78284.
We examined sera from 160 HIV-infected individuals for antibodies reactive to HIV-1 gp160 epitopes defined by seven synthetic peptides. Seropositive individuals were placed into three groups based upon levels of circulating CD4+ cells. These groups consisted of individuals with (1) more than 400 CD4+ cells, (2) 200-40
Allen JB; Wong HL; Guyre PM; Simon GL; Wahl SM; Cellular Immunology Section, National Institute of Dental; Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; 20892.
Monocytes in the circulation of normal individuals express two receptors for the constant region of immunoglobulin, Fc gamma RI and Fc gamma RII. In contrast, we have observed that AIDS monocytes express significant levels of a third Fc gamma R, Fc gamma RIII (CD16), which is normally associated with activation or mat
Gendelman HE; Baca LM; Turpin JA; Kalter DC; Dieffenbach C; Friedman RM; Meltzer MS; Department of Cellular Immunology, Walter Reed Army Institute of; Research, Washington, DC 20307.
Silverman RH; Sengupta DN; Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the; Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20889-4799.
Every step in the replication cycle of HIV provides unique opportunities for controlling the progression of AIDS. In this regard, virus protein synthesis should be an important target for limiting HIV multiplication in cells. Molecular mechanisms in the regulation of HIV protein synthesis were therefore investigated i
Henderson EE; Yang JY; Zhang RD; Bealer M; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University; School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140.
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) IIIB expression and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) B95.8-induced transformation were studied during coinfection. Coinfection of peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBL) cultures with HIV and EBV resulted in down-regulation of HIV expression. EBV-induced and spontaneous transformation were markedl
Montefiori DC; Zhou IY; Barnes B; Lake D; Hersh EM; Masuho Y; Lefkowitz LB Jr; Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University Medical School,; Nashville, Tennessee 37232.
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) exhibits extensive genomic and antigenic diversity, which is thought to contribute to the failure of the host s immune response to control infection and prevent clinical progression. Part of this failure may be due to utilization by the virus of antigenic variation as a mean
Colangelo G; Baughman RP; Dohn MN; Frame PT; Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center,; Ohio.
We performed an analysis of the value of repeat bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) at 21 days to identify patients at risk for early relapse with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Patients with P. carinii pneumonia and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) were asked to participate in this study. All patients had P. c
Ann Ist Super Sanita. 1990;26(3-4):385-95. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91221448
Fuggetta MP; D'Onofrio C; Bonmassar E; Istituto di Medicina Sperimentale, Sezione di Oncologia, CNR,; Rome, Italy.
Modulation of the immune response by the use of biological response modifiers (BRM) is aimed at amplifying the host resistance against cancer. Studies on inhibition of tumor growth on an in vitro model, in which human breast carcinoma (HBL-100) and human lung carcinoma (H125) cells were used as target tumor cells, con
Richman D; Rosenthal AS; Skoog M; Eckner RJ; Chou TC; Sabo JP; Merluzzi VJ; University of California, San Diego 92161.
A series of dipyridodiazepinones have been shown to be potent inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) reverse transcriptase. The lead compound, BI-RG-587, had a 50% inhibitory concentration of 84 nM against HIV-1 reverse transcriptase activity. This compound reduced plaque formation of HIV-1 in HeLa
Dornsife RE; St. Clair MH; Huang AT; Panella TJ; Koszalka GW; Burns CL; Averett DR; Division of Experimental Therapy, Burroughs Wellcome Co.,; Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709.
The anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) activity and hemopoietic toxicity of zidovudine ( AZT ) and didanosine (dideoxyinosine;ddI), alone and in combination, were assessed in a variety of cell types. AZT was more potent than ddI as an inhibitor of
Patterson S; Gross J; Bedford P; Knight SC; Division of Immunological Medicine, Clinical Research Centre,; Harrow, U.K.
Immununoelectron microscopy of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells enriched for the presence of antigen-presenting dendritic cells (DC) has revealed two morphologically distinct cell types both expressing DR and DQ major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II antigens but lacking T, B, natural killer (NK) and
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a demyelinating disease which occurs in immunodepressed subjects and is particularly frequent in AIDS. Some authors having drawn attention to the protean aspect of the disease and claimed that AIDS may lose its basic characteristics and affect the grey matter as well
Lancet. 1991 May 11;337(8750):1127-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91226239
Artigas J; Arasteh K; Averdunk R; Bachler B; Hornscheidt M; Grosse G; L'age M; Niedobitek F; Institute of Pathology, Auguste-Victoria-Krankenhaus, Berlin,; Germany.
Histology of the central nervous system in nine AIDS showed extracellular hyaline globules in the white matter of the brain and the spinal cord. In immunohistochemical studies with a battery of antibodies, the only positive reaction of these globules was with an antibody to zidovudine. High-performance liquid chromato
Blood. 1991 May 15;77(10):2109-17. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91230329
Miles SA; Mitsuyasu RT; Moreno J; Baldwin G; Alton NK; Souza L; Glaspy JA; Division of Hematology-Oncology, UCLA School of Medicine.
Twenty-two patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or severe AIDS-related complex and multilineage hematopoietic defects were treated with recombinant granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and erythropoietin (EPO) in a phase I/II trial. All patients were neutropenic and anemic after withdrawal
Nakamura H; Katayanagi K; Morikawa K; Ikehara M; Protein Engineering Research Institute, Osaka, Japan.
Tertiary models of ribonuclease H (RNase H) domains in reverse transcriptases (RTs) from Moloney murine leukemia virus (MuLV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) were built based upon the X-ray structure of RNase H from Escherichia coli (E. coli RNase H). In two models of RT-RNase H domains, not only active site
Science. 1991 May 24;252(5010):1167-71. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91233368
Calnan BJ; Tidor B; Biancalana S; Hudson D; Frankel AD; Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Nine Cambridge; Center, MA 02142.
Short peptides that contain the basic region of the HIV-1 Tat protein bind specifically to a bulged region in TAR RNA. A peptide that contained nine arginines (R9) also bound specifically to TAR, and a mutant Tat protein that contained R9 was fully active for transactivation. In contrast, a peptide that contained nine
Zidovudine-resistant strains of HIV have recently been isolated from individuals during prolonged treatment. Analysis of the HIV reverse transcriptase (RT) gene from clinical isolates revealed that resistance was due to multiple nucleotide changes conferring specific amino acid substitutions in this enzyme. In order t
Tweardy DJ; Glazer EW; Mott PL; Anderson K; Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of; Medicine, PA.
Phagocyte survival and function are enhanced by GM-CSF and G-CSF. The production of both CSFs can be induced in mesenchymal cells by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-1 (IL-1). We have recently demonstrated that IL-1 alpha and beta induced the production of GM-CSF and G-CSF by two human astroglia
McMaster ML; Greer JP; Greco FA; Johnson DH; Wolff SN; Hainsworth JD; Division of Medical Oncology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville,; TN.
Small-noncleaved-cell (SNC) lymphoma is a high-grade, biologically aggressive neoplasm notable for poor response to therapy, high relapse rate, and less than a 20% long-term survival. We treated 20 patients with SNC lymphoma with a novel chemotherapeutic regimen using intensive doses of chemotherapy at frequent interv
Kohl NE; Diehl RE; Rands E; Davis LJ; Hanobik MG; Wolanski B; Dixon RA; Department of Molecular Biology, Merck Sharp and Dohme Research; Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486.
To generate nonpathogenic viral particles which express active human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) protease (PR), plasmids containing sequences from the genomes of HIV-1 and Moloney murine leukemia virus (M-MuLV) were constructed. Either the PR coding region alone; the gag, PR, and reverse transcriptase protei
Kost TA; Kessler JA; Patel IR; Gray JG; Overton LK; Carter SG; Department of Molecular Biology, Glaxo Research Institute,; Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709.
The CD4 molecule, a glycoprotein expressed primarily on the cell surface of specific T lymphocytes, is thought to function in T-cell antigen recognition and activation. In addition, CD4 serves as a receptor for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) by a direct interaction with the HIV-1 surface glycoprotein (gp1
Brown WC; Bissey L; Logan KS; Pedersen NC; Elder JH; Collisson EW; Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University,; College Station 77843-4467.
Monoclonal populations of feline T cells, derived from a specific-pathogen-free cat and expressing either the CD4 or CD8 surface antigen, were infected in vitro with two geographically distinct isolates of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV). Both infected T-cell subsets exhibited decreased cell viability, expressed F
The crystal structures of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules contain a groove occupied by heterogeneous material thought to represent peptides central to immune recognition, although until now relatively little characterization of the peptides has been possible. Exact information about the contents of MH
Montefiori DC; Zhou JY; Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University Medical School,; Nashville, Tennessee 37232.
Melanins are pigments found in hair, skin, irides of the eye, and brain. Their functions in mammals include protection from exposure to sunlight, camouflage from predators, sexual recognition within species, and possible electron transfer reactants. Most natural melanins exist in an insoluble form, which is one reason
Clarke JB; Griffiths JB; Division of Biologics, PHLS Centre for Applied Microbiology and; Research, Salisbury, Wilts., UK.
In an attempt to establish a bioreactor system for generation of HIV that is practicable, efficient, biologically contained, and capable of scale up, the production of two strains of this virus was examined in suspension culture and the Porosphere fixed bed system. HIV 1 and HIV 2 were grown successfully in both the
AIDS patients are susceptible to a variety of infections from microorganisms as a result of their immunosuppressed condition. These infections are mainly responsible for the morbidity and mortality in these patients. The organisms responsible include protozoa, bacteria, fungi and viruses. Their presence may be a resul
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