NEUROLOGIC DISEASE IN THE ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME

Important note: Information in this article was accurate in 1990. The state of the art may have changed since the publication date.

NEUROLOGIC DISEASE IN THE ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME

Infect Dis Ther; 3:103-33 1989. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/90665441
Levy RM; Bredesen DE; Rosenblum ML; Dept. of Surgery (Neurosurgery), Northwestern Univ. Medical Sch.,; Chicago, IL

Abstract: Only recently have the frequency and breadth of the neurologic manifestations of AIDS become apparent. The demonstration that these neurologic illnesses arise not only from opportunistic infections and cancers, but from primary HIV-1 infection of the nervous system is of great importance. Also, primary infection with HIV-1 can induce a number of previously unrecognized neurologic illnesses. Neurologic disease in AIDS is reviewed, including incidence of HIV-1-related CNS illness, epidemiology of AIDS-related CNS illness, AIDS-related CNS syndromes, HIV-1-related CNS infections (primary viral infection [HIV-1 encephalitis, HIV-1 meningitis, and vacuolar myelopathy], opportunistic viral infections [progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and other viral infections], and other CNS infections [Toxoplasma gondii, Cryptococcus neoformans, Candida albicans, Aspergillus fumigatus, Coccidioides immitis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, M avium complex, Listeria monocytogenes, Nocardia asteroides]), other HIV-1-related CNS illnesses (CNS lymphoma, systemic lymphoma with CNS involvement, metastatic Kaposi's sarcoma, and cerebrovascular complications such as hemorrhage, infarction, and vasculitis), multiple intracranial pathologic processes, AIDS-related peripheral nervous system syndromes (distal symmetric peripheral neuropathy, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy, mononeuritis multiplex, progressive polyradiculopathy), diagnosis of AIDS-related CNS illnesses, and algorithms for the evaluation of the patient with AIDS and neurologic symptoms. As the AIDS epidemic spreads and the number of patients increases dramatically, physicians must become familiar with the broad spectrum of neurologic manifestations of this disease. (95 Refs)

Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*COMPLICATIONS/DIAGNOSIS Algorithms AIDS Dementia Complex/*DIAGNOSIS Biopsy Brain/PATHOLOGY Diagnosis, Differential Human HIV-1/*ISOLATION & PURIF Magnetic Resonance Imaging Nervous System Diseases/*COMPLICATIONS/DIAGNOSIS Opportunistic Infections/*COMPLICATIONS/DIAGNOSIS Tomography, X-Ray Computed JOURNAL ARTICLE REVIEW, TUTORIAL REVIEW
901030
M90A0693

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