Important note: Information in this article was accurate in 1990. The state of the art may have changed since the publication date.
DIAGNOSIS OF HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS IN SEROPOSITIVE INDIVIDUALS: ENZYMATIC AMPLIFICATION OF HIV VIRAL SEQUENCES IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD MONONUCLEAR CELLS
HIV Detection by Genetic Engineering Methods. Luciw PA and Steimer KS, eds. New York, Marcel Dekker, p. 243-55, 1989.. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/90660264 Kwok S; Mack DH; Sninsky JJ; Ehrlich GD; Poiesz BJ; Dock NL; Alter HJ; Mildvan D; Grieco MH; Cetus Corporation, Emeryville, CA
Abstract:
ELISAs are used to identify antibodies against HIV in the sera of infected individuals. The tests are sensitive and specific, but a positive result indicates only exposure to or infection by virus and not necessarily persistent infection. False-negative and positive results also are a concern. Nucleic acid amplification and oligonucleotide-based detection procedures were used to detect HIV infection in DNA isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (fresh blood). Because DNA is used as a template, the assay facilitates the detection of proviral genome in both the transcriptionally dormant (latent) and active state. The mechanics of these tests are reviewed and results are presented and discussed. The amplification procedure using DNA as a template offers numerous advantages in the screening of HIV: (1) the significant amplification of the viral genome offers a more rapid and sensitive alternative to cell-culture methods; (2) a sensitive, direct assay to identify individuals harboring HIV sequences may have prognostic significance in determining those at greater risk for disease progression; (3) this assay may be useful in detecting the small number of infected cells probably present in infected individuals who have not yet generated antibodies; (4) a direct proviral assay technique would provide a means to monitor both the latent and actively replicating viruses in patients on therapeutic drugs; (5) a direct DNA assay would facilitate detection of HIV infections in newborns for whom serologic assays are compromised by their decreased immunocompetence and the presence of maternal antibodies; and (6) the DNA-probe assays could be designed to detect the related but distinct retroviruses associated with AIDS, as well as HIV-1. (32 Refs)
Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/DIAGNOSIS AIDS-Related Complex/DIAGNOSIS Base Sequence DNA Probes DNA, Viral/GENETICS Gene Amplification/*GENETICS Human HIV/*GENETICS HIV Infections/*DIAGNOSIS HIV Seropositivity/*DIAGNOSIS Monocytes/*MICROBIOLOGY Proviruses/GENETICS Transcription, Genetic Virus Activation/GENETICS Virus Replication/*GENETICS MONOGRAPH 900530
M9051018
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Important note: Information in this article was accurate in 1990. The state of the art may have changed since the publication date.
