(Producer) This video demonstrates universal infection control measures. Dealing with the challenge of controlling AIDS infection in the health care environment, this program will help to assure optimal care for all patients, and can help to reduce the risk of AIDS contamination for patients, physicians, and health
(Producer) Suzi Lovegrove died of AIDS at the age of 31. Suzi s story is a powerful and moving documentary account of her last months as she struggled not just against the disease itself, but against the prejudice it invokes. Soon after the birth of their son Troy, Suzi and her husband Vince learned that she had co
[New York, N.Y.] : Group W Television, c1987 1 videocassette (26 min.) : sd., col. ; 1/2 in Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AV/9000468A
(Producer) The groups most at risk of contracting AIDS are homosexuals and intravenous drug users. But not to be most at risk does not mean to be at no risk. Today, every sexually active person faces some risk of getting AIDS-how much risk depends on geographic area and the types of sexual behavior. This program en
Portland, ME : The Council, c1988 1 videocassette : sd., col. ; 1/2 in Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AV/9000391A
Sontag S
(Producer) In an effort to broaden the context from which to respond to AIDS, this conference explores the way societies have responded to grave threats to the public health, such as the plague, tuberculosis, polio, and venereal disease. Using the methods of the humanities to consider what human beings have said, do
San Francisco, Ca. : San Francisco AIDS Foundation, c1989 1 videocassette (23 min., 14 sec.) : sd., col. with b&w ; 1/2 in. + 3 guides Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AV/9000401A
Emery AR; Puckett SB
(Producer) This videotape uses real-life situations to educate managers and employees about AIDS. Includes interviews with medical experts, corporate managers, employees with AIDS and their coworkers.
San Francisco, Calif. : The Foundation, c1989 1 videocassette (15 min.) : sd., col. ; 1/2 in. + 1 guide Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AV/9000409A
Wofsy CB; Emery AR
(Producer) Ideally the business who is ready to purchase this package will have already begun addressing AIDS concerns and is looking for direction with regard to some of the more difficult, subtle issues that arise after policies are in place and AIDS education is underway. These issues include reasonable accommoda
(Producer) This program explores the latest developments in AIDS research and treatment, examining the ways in which the notoriously slow process for the development and approval of new drugs is being altered by the urgency of the AIDS epidemic. Because the average lifespan of PWAs (People with AIDS) is only two year
Reviews the modes of HIV transmission and the occurrence of infection among women. Considers current risk assessments of perinatal HIV infection. Stresses education as the most effective method of reducing HIV transmission.
Atlanta, GA : Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control, v. : ill Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE CAT/9004670
Washington, D.C. : Association of State and Territorial Health Officials : Additional copies Public Health Foundation, [1987] v, 30 p. : ill (Publication ; no. 105) Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE CAT/9002956
Santa Cruz, CA, USA : Reference and Research Services, 1988 72 p (Contemporary social issues, ISSN 0887-3569 ; no. 10) Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE CAT/9003161
Nordquist J
Bibliography dealing with AIDS as a social issue. Arranged under eighteen sections, e.g., social and political issues, public policy, minorities, prisons, and international. Each section contains books, and/or pamphlets and articles. Also lists bibliographies, resources, organizations, and periodicals.
Washington, D.C. : Pan American Health Organization, Pan American Sanitary Bureau, Regional Office of the World Health Organization, 1989 xvii, 365 p. : ill (Scientific publication ; no. 514) Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE CAT/9002876
Geneva : World Health Organization in collaboration with International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, [1989] 7 p Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE CAT/9003388
Avian retroviruses have been classified into five distinct subgroups based on host range (specific receptor recognition), antigenicity (response to specific neutralizing antibodies), and interference (masking of the receptor by the viral glycoprotein). Using recombinant viruses made from cloned DNA isolates, the role
A panel of in vitro assays was used to investigate the nature of the immune dysfunction in cats infected with a naturally occurring FeLV isolate (designated FeLV-FAIDS) which induces a fatal immunodeficiency syndrome in 100% of experimentally infected cats. Concanavalin A-induced blastogenesis, xenogeneic mixed lympho
The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) utilizes its primary membrane glycoprotein, gp120, to infect CD4+ cells predominantly of the T-helper lymphocyte phenotype. Infection of CD4+ cells in vitro leads to pronounced cytopathic effect, syncytium formation, and cell death. In vivo infection by HIV-1 leads to CD
American Red Cross Twentieth Annual Scientific Symposium: Hematopoietic Growth Factors in Transfusion Medicine. May 10-11, 1989, Bethesda, MD, 1989.. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/90660184
Anonymous; No affiliation given
The American Red Cross symposium on Hematopoietic Growth Factors in Transfusion Medicine, held May 10-11, 1989, in Bethesda, MD, consisted of 4 lecture and 2 poster sessions. Abstracts are presented for the following lectures: biology of hematopoiesis and synergy among hematopoietic growth factors; erythropoietin (EPO
HIV Detection by Genetic Engineering Methods. Luciw PA and Steimer KS, eds. New York, Marcel Dekker, 301 p., 1989.. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/90660251
Anonymous; No affiliation given
By early 1985, several isolates of HIV were molecularly cloned and completely sequenced. This made it possible to develop specific nucleic acid probes for HIV and to apply genetic engineering methodologies to the production of viral polypeptides in recombinant microorganisms. These events led to the development of sen
HIV Detection by Genetic Engineering Methods. Luciw PA and Steimer KS, eds. New York, Marcel Dekker, p. 1-14, 1989.. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/90660252
Luciw PA; Univ. of California at Davis, Davis, CA
In early attempts to detect HIV, tissue culture procedures were used to recover virus from peripheral blood lymphocytes. Since the revelation of the genetic structures of HIV-1 and HIV-2 by molecular cloning and DNA sequencing, application of recombinant DNA technologies has led to the development of sensitive, specif
HIV Detection by Genetic Engineering Methods. Luciw PA and Steimer KS, eds. New York, Marcel Dekker, p. 15-40, 1989.. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/90660253
Carlson JR; Univ. of California at Davis, Davis, CA
The early epidemiologic evidence suggested that AIDS was caused by an infectious agent. Cytomegalovirus was considered initially because it is often detected in AIDS patients and is associated with mild immunosuppression. Retroviruses also were suspected because animal models had demonstrated that this group of viruse
HIV Detection by Genetic Engineering Methods. Luciw PA and Steimer KS, eds. New York, Marcel Dekker, p. 59-76, 1989.. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/90660255
Petteway SR Jr; Reed DL; Tribe DE; Kenealy WR; E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Co., Wilmington, DE
Current blood screening tests for HIV make use of viral lysates in an ELISA format to detect past exposure to viral antigens. Control of the viral antigens in these preparations is difficult, making interpretation problematic. To obtain sufficient quantities of pure antigen, recombinant HIV gag (GAG55) and env (ENV9)
HIV Detection by Genetic Engineering Methods. Luciw PA and Steimer KS, eds. New York, Marcel Dekker, p. 209-42, 1989.. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/90660263
Busch MP; Beckstead JH; Hollander H; Vyas GN; Irwin Memorial Blood Bank, San Francisco, CA
The adaptation of hybridization techniques to the detection of specific nucleic acid sequences in preparations of cells, tissues, or chromosomes is termed in situ hybridization (ISH). Although the general approach of ISH was described in 1969, broad application of this technique has been achieved only recently. A vari
HIV Detection by Genetic Engineering Methods. Luciw PA and Steimer KS, eds. New York, Marcel Dekker, p. 243-55, 1989.. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/90660264
Kwok S; Mack DH; Sninsky JJ; Ehrlich GD; Poiesz BJ; Dock NL; Alter HJ; Mildvan D; Grieco MH; Cetus Corporation, Emeryville, CA
ELISAs are used to identify antibodies against HIV in the sera of infected individuals. The tests are sensitive and specific, but a positive result indicates only exposure to or infection by virus and not necessarily persistent infection. False-negative and positive results also are a concern. Nucleic acid amplificati
HIV Detection by Genetic Engineering Methods. Luciw PA and Steimer KS, eds. New York, Marcel Dekker, p. 257-73, 1989.. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/90660265
Hahn BH; Shaw GM; Univ. of Alabama, Birmingham, AL
Because of the obvious biologic similarities among HIV and simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIV), considerable attention is now being focused on their genetic organization, phylogenetic relatedness, and propensity for genomic variation. Current knowledge concerning the genetic variation of HIV/SIV and its biologic sig
Fifth International Symposium on Cancer Research and AIDS. January 11-13, 1989, Venice, Italy, French Association for Cancer Research, European School of Oncology, National Institutes of Health, 46 p., 1989.. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/90660290
Anonymous; No affiliation given
The proceedings of the Fifth International Symposium on Cancer Research and AIDS, held January 11-13, 1989, in Venice, Italy , contains abstracts of papers on the following topics from the six sessions. (1) Tumor-regulating genes and their products: oncogenes as probes for cellular s
Cancer Growth Prog; 6:1-233 1989. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/90660455
Anonymous; No affiliation given
There are many causes for the appearance of neoplastic diseases. These diseases show a distinct relationship to a variety of environmental stimuli and to non-neoplastic diseases. Left untreated, cancer s development, as seen in populations lacking access to state-of-the-art health care, differs from that seen in patie
Cancer Growth Prog; 6:184-9 1989. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/90660474
Dawson RB; Dept. of Pathology, Univ. of Maryland Sch. of Medicine,; Baltimore, MD 21201
Since the first recorded appearance of AIDS in the early 1980s, it has been associated with neoplasms, most prominently Kaposi s sarcoma (KS). However, there are considerable differences between KS as seen in AIDS and classic KS. A major difference between the two is that survival among those with AIDS-associated KS a
Cancer Growth Prog; 10:165-79 1989. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/90660568
Kirkpatrick DV; Delmonte L; Dept. of Pediatrics, Tulane Univ. Medical Sch., New Orleans, LA; 70112
Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) is done to repopulate the hemopoietic and lymphoid systems following eradication of malignant cells with extremely high doses of chemotherapy (CT) or radiotherapy (RT) and, hopefully, to inhibit malignant progression. In the clinical situation, three types of BMT are possible: (1) aut
Eighteenth Meeting of the European Tumor Virus Group. April 30-May 4, 1989, Sundbyholm's Castle, Sweden, Swedish Cancer Society, 1989.. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/90660587
Anonymous; No affiliation given
Abstracts are presented for the 18th European Tumor Virus Group meeting held April 30-May 4, 1989, in Sweden . Titles for the portion of the meeting covering retroviruses include a murine leukemia virus (MuLV) transmission vector system designed to analyze the integration pattern of
Eighteenth Meeting of the European Tumor Virus Group. April 30-May 4, 1989, Sundbyholm's Castle, Sweden, Swedish Cancer Society, 1989.. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/90660588
Anonymous; No affiliation given
Abstracts are presented for the 18th European Tumor Virus Group meeting held April 30-May 4, 1989, in Sweden . Titles for the portion of the meeting covering retroviruses and immunosuppression (virus-cell interactions) include prevalence of feline immune deficiency virus in cats in
Eighteenth Meeting of the European Tumor Virus Group. April 30-May 4, 1989, Sundbyholm's Castle, Sweden, Swedish Cancer Society, 1989.. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/90660589
Anonymous; No affiliation given
Abstracts are presented for the 18th European Tumor Virus Group meeting held April 30-May 4, 1989, in Sweden . Titles for the portion of the meeting covering retroviruses and immunosuppression (virus variability) include correlation between false-positive HIV serology and antibody r
Eighteenth Meeting of the European Tumor Virus Group. April 30-May 4, 1989, Sundbyholm's Castle, Sweden, Swedish Cancer Society, 1989.. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/90660590
Anonymous; No affiliation given
Abstracts are presented for the 18th European Tumor Virus Group meeting held April 30-May 4, 1989, in Sweden . Titles for the portion of the meeting covering retroviruses and immunosuppression (prevention and therapy) include isolation of an inhibitor of retrovirus multiplication; h
This volume includes presentations made at the International Symposium on the Pathogenesis and Control of Viral Infections held in Beijing, China , in April 1989. Special attention was given to the compromised host and to new viruses. Contributions include the following: molecular bi
Wong-Staal F; Lab. of Tumor Cell Biology, NCI, Building 37, Room 6A11,; Bethesda, MD 20892
Most animal retroviruses (RVs) are simple, passive genetic entities, whereas human RVs are more complex. There are two distinct lineages of human RVs: the leukemia viruses (human T-lymphotropic virus [HTLV]-1 and -2) and the immunodeficiency viruses (HIV-1 and -2). The first indication of greater complexity in some RV
Carbonari M; Cherchi M; Papetti C; Giannini G; Fiorilli M; Aiuti F; Dept. of Clinical Immunology, Univ. of Rome, La Sapienza, Viale; dell'Universita 37, 00185 Rome, Italy
T cells can bear two forms of the T-cell receptor (TCR) for antigen, made respectively by alpha/beta or gamma/delta chains. Alpha/beta T cells comprise the majority of circulating T cells, whereas gamma/delta cells represent a distinct lineage that mediates major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-unrestricted cytotoxic
Hino S; Dept. of Bacteriology, Nagasaki Univ. Sch. of Medicine, Nagasaki; 852, Japan
In 1977, a distinct form of T-cell leukemia, adult T-cell leukemia (ATL), was reported in Japan . A human retrovirus, human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV)-1, is found in all patients with ATL. ATL in Japan is reviewed and preliminary results of application of a preventive strategy are d
Baroni CD; Uccini S; Dept. of Biopathology, Univ. of Rome, La Sapienza, Viale Regina; Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
Persistent generalized lymphadenopathy (PGL) is a chronic disease characterized by lymph node enlargement involving mainly cervical and axillary stations. The disease is caused by the same retrovirus that is responsible for AIDS and is present in the same groups that are at risk for AIDS. PGL may progress to AIDS thro
Rocchi G; Sarmati L; Ercoli L; Clinic of Infectious Diseases, II Univ. of Rome, 00100 Rome,; Italy
Epidemiologic studies have shown a higher incidence of cytomegalovirus ( CMV ) infection in patients (pts) with antibody to HIV and individuals at risk from this infection. The high incidence of CMV infection and the increased
Cell activation is probably required for conversion of a latent HIV infection into an active one. Herpes simplex virus (HSV) may provide the appropriate antigenic stimulus, as discussed here. HSV infections (type 1, HSV-1 and type 2, HSV-2) are widely distributed and do not appear to be restricted by race, age, or soc
Galli M; Irato L; Vago L; Boldorini R; Caredda F; Barbi M; Balotta C; Riva A; Corbellino M; Moroni M; Infectious Diseases Clinic, Univ. of Milan, L. Sacco Hosp., Via; G. Baresi, 74, 20157 Milan, Italy
The increasing use of organ and bone marrow transplantation, the wide use of immunosuppressive drugs, and the appearance of AIDS have all increased the likelihood of practitioners encountering immunocompromised patients (pts) in clinical practice. Viral diseases in the immunocompromised host (herpes viruses, hepatic v
Palmisano L; Industria Farmaceutica Serono, Via Casilina 125, 00176 Rome,; Italy
A specific rationale exists for the use of immunosupportive drugs in patients (pts) infected with HIV. Even the most effective antiviral drug will not eliminate the need for such a treatment because the elective target of viral attack is the CD4+ lymphocyte. Numerous immunomodulators have been tested in HIV infectio
Miranda-Silva W; Galvao-Castro B; Bonecini-Almeida MG; Daniel-Ribeiro CT; Sion FS; De Sa CA; Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Departamento de Imunologia-WHO; Collaborating Centre of AIDS, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.
The immunological profile of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and chronic lymphadenopathy syndrome (CLAS) in 15 and 11 Brazilian patients, respectively, was studied. The AIDS patients showed reduced percentage of total T (CD3) and T-helper-inducer (CD4) lymphocytes, relative increase in numbers of T-suppresso
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1989 Dec;5(6):593-604. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90122350
Hasegawa A; Tsujimoto H; Maki N; Ishikawa K; Miura T; Fukasawa M; Miki K; Hayami M; Fundamental Research Laboratory, Saitama, Japan.
Genetic variability in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) has been studied extensively, but the total nucleotide sequence of the HIV-2 genome has been reported only in two strains. For phylogenetic analyses of HIV, the genetic variability of HIV-2 should be investigated. This paper reports the complete nucleo
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1989 Dec;5(6):629-38. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90122354
Ljunggren K; Chiodi F; Broliden PA; Albert J; Norkrans G; Hagberg L; Jondal M; Fenyo EM; Department of Immunology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm,; Sweden.
Antibodies mediating HIV-1-specific cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and virus neutralizing activity were detected in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and, as previously reported, in sera of subjects with varying severity of HIV-1 infection, including patients with or without neurologic or psychiatric symptoms. ADCC-mediatin
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1989 Dec;5(6):647-53. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90122356
Vander Heyden N; Rodi C; Ratner L; Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO; 63110.
Several different nucleoside analogs have been demonstrated to inhibit retroviral RNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity in preference to cellular DNA-dependent DNA polymerases. 3 -Amino derivatives of 3-deoxyadenosine was analyzed for their antiviral activity toward HIV-1 and for their host cell toxicity. Puromycin am
The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is associated with the development of opportunistic infections. We report the cases of two HIV antibody positive male partners who developed pneumonia responding to antituberculous therapy.
This paper focuses upon HIV-related risk behaviour among a sample of injecting drug users purchasing injecting equipment at a retail pharmacy in Glasgow. It is shown that the majority of the individuals interviewed were concerned about HIV/AIDS and that many were optimistic about their chances of avoiding contracting
Moatti JP; Serrand C; INSERM Unite 240 Evaluation des risques et des actions de; prevention.
During the recent years, many behavior surveys have been performed, for instance in San Francisco, Chicago, New York (U.S.A.), Ile-de- France (France), or elsewhere. They have evidenced profound change in sexual behavior among certain high-risk groups. Such a change is probably unpr
Can J Psychiatry. 1989 Dec;34(9):847-52. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90124083
Hoffman BF; Arthurs K; Lunn S; Meyers L; Trimnell J; Farcnik K; Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario.
Using a case illustration, this paper describes how AIDS has affected psychiatric practice on an inpatient unit. The clinical, ethical and administrative issues are discussed from a multi-disciplinary perspective. The issues are discussed as 1. clinical issues (diagnostic and management), 2. effects on ward milieu, 3.
Hober D; Haque A; Wattre P; Beaucaire G; Mouton Y; Capron A; Centre d'Immunologie et de Biologie Parasitaire, Institut; Pasteur, Lille, France.
We measured simultaneously circulating and cell-generated TNF-alpha and IL-1 after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) by radioimmunoassay (RIA) in HIV-infected individuals at different stages of infection, classified according to CDC classification. TNF-alpha production,
Shepherd FA; Hogg-Johnson S; Fleshner N; Read SE; Fanning MM; Johnson K; Goss P; Coates RA; Department of Medicine, Toronto General Hospital, Ontario.
A cohort of 61 patients with Kaposi s sarcoma (KS) and AIDS was seen in the Oncology Unit of the Toronto General Hospital between 1982 and 1986. In an attempt to identify prognostic variables, laboratory and clinical parameters were examined using Kaplan-Meier estimates and the Cox Regression Model. All patients were
Nip-Sakamoto CJ; Wong RH; Izumi AK; University of Hawaii, John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu.
Two male patients, each of whom had one or more risk factors for human immunodeficiency virus, subsequently developed findings of porphyria cutanea tarda preceding diagnosis of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS).
East Afr Med J. 1989 Dec;66(12):834-6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90126463
Ghandour I
Focal epithelial hyperplasia is a rare oral mucosal condition with ethnic and familial patterns of prevalence. The exact aetiology is unknown, but a viral aetiology was suggested. The condition does not require any treatment and will regress spontaneously. A recent report considered the condition one of the oral manif
Van Gossum A; Loriers M; Serruys E; Cremer M; Department of Gastroenterology, Hopital Erasme, Brussels,; Belgium.
A questionnaire on the methods of cleaning and disinfecting endoscopic equipment was mailed to 120 centers in Western Europe. Seventy-four questionnaires (61%) were returned. The centers were classified into three groups according to the number of endoscopic procedures performed per year. This survey has shown that pr
Inaba T; Hanada R; Yaginuma A; Hayashi Y; Yamamoto K; Hukada H; Division of Haematology/Oncology, Saitama Children's Medical; Center, Japan.
We describe a 14-year-old girl with fatal infectious mononucleosis with high fever, pancytopenia, and multiple skin ulcers due to Staphylococcus aureus. Immunological studies revealed low serum IgM, low natural killer (NK) activity, and high CD4/CD8 ratio. Her father had also low NK activity and high CD4/CD8 ratio. It
Despite the opportunity of helpful intervention, palliation, and prevention in the form of psychosocial counselling, specialized services for AIDS patients and individuals-at-risk have met with resistance within psychiatry. Resistance can be understood as a reaction to the nature of the illness and its demographics. I
Thin RN; Department of Genitourinary Medicine, St Thomas' Hospital,; London, UK.
Work loads in venereal disease--sexually transmitted disease (STD)--genitourinary medicine (GUM) clinics have risen greatly in recent years. The increase in viral infections which are more difficult and time consuming to manage than those caused by bacteria and the higher expectations and demands of patients have comb
The epidemiological pattern of acute type B hepatitis has been investigated in 1,107 consecutive patients during an 11-year prospective study conducted in Padua (Northern Italy ) between 1978 and 1988. Remarkable changes were observed: 1) the attack rate of the disease increased sign
Garraffo R; Cassuto-Viguier E; Barillon J; Chanalet L; Lapalus P; Duplay H; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital, Nice,; France.
Zidovudine ( AZT ) is a new anti retroviral agent widely used in the treatment of AIDS and related diseases. It has a short elimination half-life (1 h) in patients with normal hepatic and renal functions, and it is extensively metabolized to a glucuroni
Constantine NT; Callahan JD; Watts DM; U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit No. 3 (A World Health; Organization Collaborating Center for AIDS), Cairo, Egypt.
We should like to report the case of an individual in the Middle East infected with HIV-2 whose serum was negative by our routine ELISA tests for HIV-1. We propose that screening for HIV-2, in addition to HIV-1, be performed on individuals who are clinically determined to be at risk for HIV infection. Commercially ava
Estimates based on national surveys reveal that many National League for Nursing schools of nursing do not yet have acquired immunodeficiency syndrome policies in place. Schools without such policies cannot afford to delay in developing them. This article calls upon the deans and directors of the nation s schools of n
The policy debate over AIDS has focused on how to balance the rights of individuals who have the disease against the rights of the public. This paper examines the nature of both sets of rights by analyzing the development of public health law and its dominant visions today. The article argues that while once public he
Yangco BG; Yangco NF; University of South Florida College of Medicine, Department of; Internal Medicine, Tampa 33612.
One thousand six-hundred and eighteen medical gloves were tested to determine whether, with current increased demands, these gloves are of high quality, i.e., free of leaks. The risk of exposure to potentially infected fluids when using leaky gloves was also estimated. Using a four-stage leak test, no significant diff
Otake T; Shimonaka H; Kanai M; Miyano K; Ueba N; Kunita N; Kurimura T
The monosaccharide substances inositol hexasulfate (IHS) and inositol hexaphosphoric acid (Phytic acid, IHP) were investigated for their antiviral effect on the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in vitro. In MT-4 cells IHS completely inhibited the cytopathic effect of HIV and the HIV specific antigen expression at a
J Med Virol. 1989 Nov;29(3):181-5. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90132611
Novick DM; Trigg HL; Des Jarlais DC; Friedman SR; Vlahov D; Kreek MJ; Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Medical Center, New York, NY; 10003.
Parenteral drug users have a high prevalence of infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the etiologic agent of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). New York City has had a prolonged and extensive epidemic of HIV infection and AIDS. In this study, we analyze, in relation to antibody to HIV (anti-HIV),
A questionnaire was designed with these objectives: (1) to determine the frequency and type of adverse exposures experienced by certified nurse-midwives (CNMs); (2) to determine the extent to which CNMs used recommended precautions to prevent such incidents; and (3) to identify the sources used for obtaining informati
This research examines the knowledge and perceptions of HIV infection among pregnant women in a hotel for the homeless in New York City in the Spring of 1987. The primary method of research was participatory observation. Issues examined include knowledge of the modes of transmission, use of preventive strategies, and
The evolution of screening mechanisms, the patient outcomes, and CNM reactions to a voluntary HIV screening at the first prenatal visit are briefly reviewed.
Glenn PS; McCartney M; Nance-Sproson T; Yesalis CE
The CDC estimates that 1 to 1.5 million people in the United States are currently infected with the AIDS virus. With the increase in numbers of AIDS cases and infection rate, it is vital that health-care practitioners accurately assess a patient s risk status for AIDS. Two hundred clie
Hernandez Vallejo G; Garcia MD; Lopez A; Mendieta C; Moskow BS; Department of Oral Medicine and Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Escuela; de Estomatologia, Ciudad Universitaria, Madrid, Spain.
This report deals with a case of AIDS-related Burkitt s lymphoma in which some of the earliest findings were dental and periodontal in nature. The patient presented initially with painless and extremely loose teeth accompanied by progressive paresthesia of the lower jaw. Unique radiographic findings included extensive
Fuller GN; Guiloff RJ; Gazzard B; Harcourt-Webster JN; Scarvilli F; Department of Neurology, Westminster Hospital, London.
Nine of 122 patients dead from AIDS in central London presented with neurological disease, confirmed pathologically in seven. Seven had no other major systemic manifestations. AIDS needs to be considered in the differential diagnosis of meningitis, dementia , diffuse and focal encep
Dworkin BM; Antonecchia PP; Smith F; Weiss L; Davidian M; Rubin D; Rosenthal WS; Sarah C. Upham Division of Gastroenterology, New York Medical; College, Valhalla 10595.
Selenium deficiency has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a dilated congestive cardiomyopathy in areas of China (Keshan disease) and in several patients on long-term total parenteral nutrition. Recently a clinically and pathologically similar cardiomyopathy has been described i
Sugimoto M; Matsumoto M; Nakashima H; Imamura F; Kawano O; Imamura S; Fukuda Y; Ando M; Araki S
It has been shown that there are pulmonary involvements in patients with HTLV-1-associated myelopathy (HAM). Pulmonary lesions found in HAM are characterized by T-lymphocytosis and increased levels of soluble IL-2 receptor in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Peripheral bl
J S C Med Assoc. 1989 Dec;85(12):577-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90135009
Jones JL; Lackland DT; Kettinger LD; Gamble WB Jr
The South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control AIDS Program assessed the state population s knowledge and attitudes about AIDS and HIV transmission in 1987 and 1988. Each year approximately 1,800 adults were selected by a random 3-stage cluster design and asked seventeen questions by telephone about
Med Clin (Barc). 1989 Nov 18;93(16):601-3. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90135480
Castilla A; Civeira MP; Jauregui JI; Pons F; Serrano M; Morte S; Prieto J
Thirty-five patients with active chronic hepatitis B (ACH-B) were evaluated. They were in stable replicative phase (HBeAg +; DNA polymerase and ALT stable in two determinations at least one month apart) and had not been infected by delta virus or HIV-1. Thirty-four patients were heterosexual and no patient was a drug
Md Med J. 1989 Dec;38(12):1019-26. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90135869
Matuszak DL; Kotval I; Garg R; Patel J; Israel E; Glasser D
Persons who are receiving evaluation and treatment for sexually transmitted diseases are at moderately increased risk for acquiring HIV infections. The scope of STD clinic services should be broadened to include counseling, education, and referral services for health needs related to risk of HIV infection.
Md Med J. 1989 Dec;38(12):1027-32. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90135870
Thompson ME; Eastham JN Jr
Of the 110 career and volunteer prehospital care providers surveyed from two Maryland counties, about 20 percent were concerned about dealing with AIDS patients, including 24 percent who have considered leaving EMS due to the risk of HIV infection.
Yoganathan T; Lin H; Buck GA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth; University, Richmond 23298.
Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis was used to generate a molecular karyotype of chromosomes from the opportunistic AIDS pathogen, Pneumocystis carinii. P. carinii cysts and trophozoites were isolated from immunosuppressed rats, lysed in situ in agarose blocks, and subjected to orthogonal-field gel electrophoresis (OFAG
Recently, an increasing incidence of oral Kaposi s sarcoma in association with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) has been observed. This article describes the clinical features and the histopathologic spectrum of oral epidemic Kaposi s sarcoma in six HIV-positive patients. Etiopathogenic, epidemiologic, therap
NIPH Ann. 1989 Dec;12(2):27-44. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90137407
Kraft P; Rise J; Gronnesby JK; National Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
The purpose of the present study was to identify predictors of sexual promiscuity and use of condoms. The empirical data stem from a postal survey of a representative sample of persons aged 19-24 in a medium-sized Norwegian town (n = 565). Four selected predictors explained 28.1% and 17.8% of the variance in promiscui
Marolda J; Pace B; Bonforte RJ; Kotin N; Kattan M; Jack and Lucy Clark Department of Pediatrics, Mount Sinai School; of Medicine, New York, New York.
We retrospectively reviewed the records of 18 children with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) who required mechanical ventilation for respiratory failure. These patients represented 35% of the patients seen with pulmonary disease and AIDS. The most common causes of respiratory failure were Pnuemocystis carinii
Public Health Nurs. 1989 Dec;6(4):182-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90138642
Talashek ML; Tichy AM; Salmon ME
The pandemic of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) calls for global cooperation to develop strategies for interventions both to prevent the disease and to care for persons with it. The conceptual framework Health for all: A model for nursing s contributions provides guidance for the processes of assessment, dia
Public Health Nurs. 1989 Dec;6(4):189-96. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90138643
Young EW; Koch PB; Preston DB
With no effective medical treatment or vaccine for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) available now or in the near future, nursing can make the most difference by providing emotional support and physical care for people with AIDS and their families. One of the least understood areas in providing such care is th
Fear of AIDS has been a major factor in the re-examination of the methods of autologous blood transfusion. Four techniques are currently available, one of which, the pre-operative donation scheme, has supplied 70 per cent of participants total blood requirements at operation.
Practitioner. 1989 Nov 8;233(1478):1449-52. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90138723
Hawkins D
There are marked regional differences in the organisation of services for HIV-positive patients. A successful method for one London based specialist centre is a combination of walk-in clinics, organised outpatients and day ward care.
Practitioner. 1989 Nov 8;233(1478):1484-5. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90138730
Scheele W
In the Netherlands , the problems associated with soft drugs were overcome by legalising the use of cannabis. However, the programme of methadone maintenance for heroin users has been less successful and the argument that heroin should also be legalised is considered.
Practitioner. 1989 Nov 8;233(1478):1486-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90138731
Bury G
Despite some evidence of a decline in first time use of heroin in Ireland , the underlying social and economic problems remain. There is, therefore, a threat that more widespread drug misuse will recur if the threat of AIDS loses its
Hanid MA; Suleiman M; Haleem A; al Karawi M; al Khader A; Department of Pathology, Armed Forces Hospital, Riyadh, Kingdom; of Saudi Arabia.
We report nine cases of gastrointestinal Kaposi s sarcoma in renal transplant patients negative for human immunodeficiency virus. In eight the lesions regressed on either withdrawing or reducing the dose of cyclosporin A, but this led to the loss of the renal graft in approximately 50 per cent of patients.
Morris CD; Bird AR; Nell H; Department of Medicine, Frere Hospital, East London.
This study surveys the extent and severity of haematological and biochemical abnormalities which occurred in 265 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, and records the haematological changes that occur with treatment. Anaemia was present in 60 per cent of patients, more frequently in males than in females. Leucocytosis
Rowe IF; Forster SM; Seifert MH; Youle MS; Hawkins DA; Lawrence AG; Keat AC; Department of Rheumatology, Westminster Hospital, London.
One hundred and twenty-three patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection have been referred to rheumatologists at our hospitals between October 1985 and April 1989 because of musculoskeletal symptoms. Thirty-four homosexual men presented with acute, peripheral, non-erosive arthritis (mean number of four joint
A case of angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy in a boy aged 19 years was observed, with long-standing fever, peripheral lymphadenopathy, considerable weight loss. In the differential diagnosis septicaemia was considered, including tuberculous septicaemia, collagen diseases, neoplasms and lymphoproliferative diseases. A
Stat Med. 1989 Dec;8(12):1509-14. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90139988
Tango T; Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Public Health, Tokyo,; Japan.
This paper presents a procedure for obtaining short-term projections and lower bounds on the size of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic. The method is similar to that proposed by Brookmeyer and Gail but adapted to the situation where individual dates of AIDS diagnosis are available. It gives result
Rev Hosp Clin Fac Med Sao Paulo. 1989 Mar-Apr;44(2):80-3. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90140134
Romao Junior JE; Daher EF; Machado MM; Sabbaga E
Patients treated with chronic dialysis have a high risk of acquiring viral infections and blood transfusions are commonly considered to be the vehicle of transmission. In Brazil this source is implicated in infection of 15 percent of patients developing acquired immunodeficiency sy
Wisborg T; Brattebo G; Department of Anesthesiology, University of Bergen, Norway.
Knowledge about routes of HIV transmission and attitudes to HIV antibody testing was studied in a group of Norwegian dentists. Personal protection by gloves was also recorded. Eighty-three of 120 (69%) dentists in Bergen (private practitioners) completed a postal questionnaire. More than half of these considered thems
Blaxhult A; Bottiger M; Department of Epidemiology, National Bacteriological Laboratory,; Stockholm, Sweden.
Through the Swedish National Reporting System of HIV infections, the occurrence of the infection within different groups at risk can be followed by county. The infection was initially observed among homosexual/bisexual men in Stockholm; thereafter cases were diagnosed also in the 2 major cities in southern
Plasmid profile analysis was performed on Mycobacterium avium/M. intracellulare isolates from patients with AIDS, from children with cervical lymphadenitis, and from environmental sources. The frequency of plasmid-containing strains was found to be, respectively, 5/16 (31%), 4/15 (27%) and 1/15 (7%). The data indicate
Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1989 May-Jun;83(3):338-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90141795
Scaglia M; Villa M; Gatti S; Gianelli F; Fabio F/[corrected to Gianelli F]; Department of Infectious Diseases, University-IRCCS San Matteo,; Pavia, Italy.
Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1989 Sep-Oct;83(5):694-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90141909
McLeod DT; Neill P; Robertson VJ; Latif AS; Emmanuel JC; Els JE; Gwanzura LK; Trijssenaar FE; Nziramasanga P; Jongeling GR; et al; Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Zimbabwe,; Harare.
During the 11 month period up to 30 September 1987, 37 patients (26 male, 11 female, mean age 27 years) with respiratory symptoms who were human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive, were studied prospectively on 40 occasions to determine the cause of any pulmonary complications. HIV was heterosexually transmitted. P
Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1989 Nov-Dec;83(6):724-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90141920
Montgomery RD; Department of Medicine, East Birmingham Hospital, UK.
The clinical profile of tropical spastic paraparesis (TSP), described in scattered tropical and subtropical territories over the past 30 years, has been more clearly defined since the discovery of its direct association with human T lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1). A chronic disease of adults, commoner in women, it
Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1989 Nov-Dec;83(6):729-31. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90141921
Weber J; Royal Postgraduate Medical School, Hammersmith Hospital, London,; UK.
Human T-lymphotropic viruses (HTLV) are causally associated with adult T-cell leukaemia and with a progressive form of lower limb paralysis known as tropical spastic paraparesis. HTLV-1 is endemic in parts of Japan , the Caribbean, West Africa and probably South America, and is assoc
Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1989 Nov-Dec;83(6):844-6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90141953
Belec L; Martin PM; Vohito MD; Gresenguet G; Tabo A; Georges AJ; Institut Pasteur de Bangui, Bangui, Republique Centrafricaine.
In order to evaluate the frequency of neurological and psychiatric disorders in central African patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), 93 inpatients at the National Hospital Centre of Bangui were selected according to the World Health Organization (Bangui) clinical d
West Indian Med J. 1989 Sep;38(3):176-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90142818
Mohammed A; Kalapurackal M; Kissoon N
The number of cases of perinatally acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) may increase as the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive women increases. Physicians involved in the care of neonates must therefore be aware of the modes of transmission, clinical manifestations, and methods of diagnosi
West J Med. 1989 Dec;151(6):627-31. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90142822
Tang WW; Kaptein EM
Hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction and thyroid gland cytomegalovirus inclusions have been described in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and AIDS-related complex (ARC). We evaluated 80 patients with AIDS or ARC for the frequency of hypothalamic-pituitary o
The authors analyze the cases with a sexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus and with infection transmission from the infected mother to the fetus.
B-lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCL) transformed by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) were established from a patient with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) caused by adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency, from his mother and from a normal volunteer. ADA activities of the patient s and mother s LCL were about 0.5% and 25% of
Natural killer (NK) activity of peripheral mononuclear cells (PMNC) from patients with adult T-cell leukemia (ATL), anti-HTLV-I antibody positive healthy carriers, and anti-HTLV-I antibody negative healthy persons (Ab-negative persons) was investigated using various target cells. PMNC from patients with ATL and health
A 2-year-old girl developed fever, hepatosplenomegaly, jaundice, lymphadenopathy and pancytopenia. Bone marrow examination revealed increased immature histiocytes (5.5%) and mature histiocytes with hemophagocytosis. All the abnormalities were normalized in one month without any chemotherapy. It was suggested that the
Slomkowski M; Kopec I; Zdziechowska H; Maslanka K; Maj S
In the years 1981-1987 T-cell lymphoma was diagnosed in 7 women and 8 men (2.2% of all hospitalized cases of malignant lymphomas). Chronic lymphatic and prolymphocytic leukaemias and T-zone lymphomas prevailed. In most cases systemic symptoms and lymphadenopathy were characteristic features. In 6 cases cutaneous chang
Adv Exp Med Biol. 1989;257:277-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90144245
Squadrini F; Barboni F; Taparelli F; De Rienzo B; Bertrandi E; Lami G; Istituto di Clinica delle Malattie Infettive e Tropicali,; Universita di Modena, Bologna.
Lavelle GC; Gubbe SL; Neveaux JL; Bowden BJ; Southern Research Institute, Birmingham, Alabama 35255-5305.
The virucidal efficacy of a health care personnel hand wash product containing 0.5% parachlorometaxylenol in a sodium C14-16 olefin sulfonate formula was evaluated in in vitro tests with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in the presence of 50% whole human blood. The HTLV-IIIRF strain of HIV-1 was suspended i
Lin TS; Schinazi R; Griffith BP; August EM; Eriksson BF; Zheng DK; Huang LA; Prusoff WH; Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine,; New Haven, Connecticut 06510.
The (-) enantiomer of gossypol but not the (+) enantiomer had good antiviral activity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 at a concentration more than 20-fold lower than that required for cytotoxicity; however, in H9 cells the (-) enantiomer, although more potent as an ant
Therapeutic insemination by donor (TID) is being used with increasing frequency. Because many diseases, some of which are lethal, can be transmitted through semen, the American Fertility Society established guidelines for use of donor sperm. They limit TID to cases of male infertility or hereditary/genetic disorders.
Livramento JA; Machado LR; Spina-Franca A; Departamento de Neurologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Universidade; de Sao Paulo, Brasil.
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was analysed in 170 AIDS patients. All of them showed HIV positive serological tests. All of them showed neurologic syndromes related to AIDS. The time period of the investigation was July 1984-April 1989. In 8 cases (4.7%) CSF composition was normal. Lymphoma cells were observed in three cas
Krause H; Kiessig S; Uckert W; Department of Virology, Academy of Sciences of the GDR, Berlin.
A type D retrovirus isolated from a permanent human cell line (PMFV) was employed as diagnostic reagent both in Southern transfer hybridization experiments using the cloned genome as a probe and in immunoblot analysis using SDS disrupted virus particles. Hybridization experiments performed under conditions of differen
Thomas J; Bowen-Simpkins P; Stewart G; Patterson T; West Glamorgan Health Authority, Swansea.
A total of 1023 women attending hospital antenatal clinics in West Glamorgan was surveyed by means of a self-administered questionnaire, to determine their attitudes to HIV testing in pregnancy. The response rate was 98%. Of the responders, 94% had no objection to their antenatal blood specimen being tested for HIV in
Sno HN; Storosum JG; Swinkels JA; University Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Centre,; Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
A psychiatric consultation was requested in 51 in-patient cases of HIV infection. Reasons for referral included counselling, the evaluation of depressive symptoms, and the treatment of delirium. The most common DSM-III diagnoses included: delirium (n = 13), major depressive disorders (n = 12),
In response to the AIDS crisis and the critical need for competent and trained health care providers for the growing number of persons with AIDS, the McKinney Scholarship Fund has been recently established with the Stewart B. McKinney Foundation, and will be announced in December. As the first fund of its kind in the
It has been recently shown that the skin has a really active role in the immune system. The evaluation of delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity is an important step for the screening of the cell-mediated immune response. The multitest system contains seven antigens and 1 control put together in the same instrument. The r
Int J Epidemiol. 1989 Dec;18(4):926-33. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90153036
Drucker E; Webber MP; McMaster P; Vermund SH; Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine,; Bronx, NY 10467.
To describe secular trends in pneumonia hospitalizations in the Bronx, New York City from 1982-1986, we analysed all cases with a discharge diagnosis of pneumonia, excluding Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP), for Bronx residents by age, sex, neighbourhood, and length of stay (N = 21,822). Hospital deaths from PCP a
Ir Med J. 1989 Dec;82(4):168-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90153203
Bury G
AIDS has become far more than just another disease; it has become a sensitive political issue, a social and moral problem, a cause of international tensions, a favourite media story and a cause for despair among those who may be infected. Familiarity breeds, if not contempt, then at least complacency; the risk of infe
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-associated malignancies are a concern to all physicians. Because patients usually are seen initially by nonspecialists, primary care physicians, especially, may find useful information about AIDS-related malignancy. Cancers remain a part of the clinical definition of AIDS. Kap
Platelet transfusions are beneficial to treat or prevent bleeding in the thrombocytopenic patient. They are frequently used in patients with hypoplastic bone marrow, in cardiovascular surgery patients, and those involved in trauma. Because platelets have short survival, large numbers of platelet units are required. Al
Saji F; Tokugawa Y; Kamiura S; Samejima Y; Ohashi K; Azuma C; Tanizawa O; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Medical; School, Japan.
The seroprevalence rate of human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) in pregnant women in the Osaka district was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blot analysis. Twenty-one (1.0%) of 2192 samples tested were positive for both assays and the seropositive parturients were found to be integrat
J Community Health. 1989 Winter;14(4):205-13. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90154390
MacDowell NM; Health Planning/Administration School of Planning, College of; Design, Architecture, Art and Planning, Cincinnati, OH; 45221-0016.
Results of a mail survey of long term care facilities in Ohio regarding willingness to consider admission of AIDS patients are presented. The objective of the study was to examine the relationship between a variety of organizational and respondent factors and the willingness of the facility to admit AIDS patients. In
J Community Health. 1989 Winter;14(4):215-26. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90154391
Kaiser MA; Manning DT; Balson PM; Children's Hospital, New Orleans, LA 70118.
The imperative to inform the public about the risks of HIV-infection and AIDS, combined with an acute shortage of resources for doing so, has led to an unprecedented number of lay volunteers who are performing functions normally reserved for health professionals. In many communities, the general public may receive muc
J Med Virol. 1989 Dec;29(4):249-55. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90155250
Stoeckl E; Barrett N; Heinz FX; Banekovich M; Stingl G; Guggenberger K; Dorner F; Kunz C; Institute of Virology, University of Vienna, Austria.
Seventy-one human immunodeficiency virus type (HIV-1)-positive patients were investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), virus isolation, and antigen detection for the existence of HIV in blood. The identification of HIV DNA by PCR, using three different pairs of primers, yielded a clearly higher detection rate (
J Med Virol. 1989 Dec;29(4):266-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90155253
Farraye FA; Mamish DM; Zeldis JB; GI Division, University of California, Davis Medical Center,; Sacramento.
The effect of azidothymidine ( AZT ) on hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication was determined in three patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Serum viral DNA was present, and its concentration either remained the same or increased in
Epidemiological studies on neurological diseases in residents of Afro-Caribbean origin in the West Midlands region of England have identified eight patients with tropical spastic paraparesis (TSP), all of whom were found to be infected with human T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma virus type 1 (HTLV-1). The husband of one of t
Chaffee BH; HIV and STD Clinics, Broome County Health Department, Binghamton,; New York 13901.
The prevention and treatment of HIV infection are particularly difficult in certain subpopulations unless consideration is given to their unique characteristics. These characteristics and the strategies to address them are considered with respect to adolescents, rural/low-incidence populations, gay and bisexual men, A
Hochhauser M; Research and Development, MiMed, Inc., Burnsville, Minnesota; 55337.
Prevention of adult AIDS cases should begin during childhood and adolescence, taking into account such issues as personal vulnerability, perceived control, and behavioral change. High-risk sexual and drug using behaviors in adolescents should be viewed within a developmental perspective, focusing on cognitive developm
Cabaj RP; Harvard Medical School, Brookline, Massachusetts.
Because gay and bisexual men continue to be the largest at-risk group for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) related conditions, the special role of substance abuse, and not just intravenous drug abuse, must be understood in order to provide adequate services and prevention. Gay men and women appear to have a higher i
Karan LD; Division of Substance Abuse Medicine, Medical College of; Virginia, Richmond 23298-0001.
Female partners of male drug users may not recognize that they are endangered by sexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). However, even when women acknowledge this problem, there are multiple subsequent impediments to behavior change. Chemically dependent women also have specific additional needs. Mo
Hochhauser M; Research and Development, MiMed, Inc., Burnsville, Minnesota; 55337.
AIDS has been largely described as a problem of major urban areas. However, states in which there is a low incidence of AIDS are dealing with issues from somewhat different perspectives than high-incidence states. The terms low incidence and high incidence can be misleading: If one state compares its AIDS cases to ano
This article examines the issue of testing for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in chemical dependence treatment programs. Three types of treatment programs are considered: 21- to 28-day inpatient, eight-week outpatient, and methadone maintenance. Through discussion by groups of chemical dependence treatment provide
Howell EF; Niven RG; Emory University School of Medicine, Section of Psychiatry, The; Emory Clinic, Atlanta, Georgia 30322.
Controversy surrounds the issue of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody testing in chemically dependent patients. However, HIV testing can be clinically and therapeutically useful in chemical dependence treatment programs. Prerequisites for HIV testing include: staff education, high-quality pre- and posttest co
Sorrell SJ; Springer ER; Sorrell & Springer Associates, Jersey City, New Jersey 07307.
As HIV continues to spread among chemically dependent populations, chemical dependence treatment programs are beginning to address the issue of routine HIV-antibody testing. While there are many rationales given for testing, only two are deemed acceptable in chemical dependence treatment programs: to permit medical pe
Nathan JA; Karan LD; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Stanford,; California.
AMSAODD s Third National Forum on AIDS and Chemical Dependency presented a session about the theory and practicality of combining pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic treatment modalities to maximize the social, psychological, and physical health of patients. Synthesizing methadone maintenance for opioid dependence with
Payte JT; American Society of Addiction Medicine Committee on Methadone,; San Antonio, Texas.
Much of what is accepted as conventional chemical dependence treatment is not supported by rigorous clinical studies. However, the considerable supportive literature and data on methadone treatment has not ensured this treatment modality s acceptance by the medical and/or chemical dependence treatment community. The n
Sorensen JL; Costantini MF; London JA; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San; Francisco.
HIV infection creates difficulties for patients and staff in drug abuse treatment programs. This article reviews significant problems and coping strategies, drawing on experience in a drug abuse treatment program where a third of the patients are HIV infected. Patient-related problems include denial, anger, depression
A questionnaire was developed to assess religiously based moral beliefs about acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. The questionnaire was administered to a group of primarily black physicians, a selection of freshman medical students, two groups of clergy representing contrasting philosophical orientations, a group of y
Med Clin (Barc). 1989 Oct 28;93(13):490-2. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90157613
Bassa A; Villalonga C; Parras F; Salva F; Altes J; Salas A
Serological markers of hepatitis B (HBV) and human immunodeficiency (HVI) viruses were investigated in the sera of 90 homosexual males. In addition, in HBsAg positive individuals antibodies against delta virus (DV) were also investigated. Forty sera (44.4%) were positive for HBV and HIV, 61 (67.7%) for HBV and 52 (57.
Med Clin (Barc). 1989 Dec 9;93(19):731-4. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90157659
Abos J; Alom J; Graus F; Marques G; Miro JM; Blesa R; Tolosa E
In a prospective follow-up period from September 1987 to August 1988, the AIDS dementia complex (ADC) was the presenting clinical feature in six of 102 patients in whom AIDS was diagnosed in the Hospital Clinic i Provincial from Barcelona. The clinical picture was characterized by
Mo Med. 1989 Dec;86(12):801-3. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90158446
Storch GA; Arens MQ
The implications of a diagnosis of HIV infection are far-reaching. Thus, accurate interpretation of laboratory tests becomes critical. The authors provide descriptions of the tests now available and discuss the utility of each.
Becerra LI; Ksiazek SM; Savino PJ; Marcus DK; Buckley RM; Sergott RC; Bosley TM; Neuro Ophthalmology Service, Willis Eye Hospital, Thomas; Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107.
Seventeen patients with luetic uveitis had human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing and lumbar puncture to determine if the HIV-positive status altered the clinical profile of syphilis. Twelve of the 17 patients tested positive for HIV. All 12 patients had abnormal lumbar punctures, but only two of the five HIV-nega
Stapinski A; Gede K; Napiorkowska T; Wojtowicz U; Seliborska Z
The presence of anti-HIV antibodies was sought in 1061 patients (818 men and 243 women) with various sexually transmitted diseases; the group of men contained 29 homosexuals (3.5%) and 26 were bisexual (3.2%). Together these deviants accounted for 7.1% of the group. EIA test confirmed with the Western-blot test gave p
Similowski T; Datry A; Jais P; Katlama C; Rosenheim M; Gentilini M; Service de Parasitologie et de Medecine Tropicale, Groupe; Hospitalier Pitie-Salpetriere, Paris, France.
The clinical analytical and therapeutic results of a retrospective study of 11 cases of Wilson s disease carried out in La Fe Hospital in Valencia are presented. The disease had a neurological onset in 5 cases, an hepatic onset in 4 cases (3 acute hepatitis and 1 chronic hypertransaminemia), 2 cases started as an acut
In order to evaluate the possibility of intrafamilial transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a serological follow up of 104 household family members of HIV seropositive subjects with whom they were not having sexual contacts (SC) was carried out. The coexistence of other risk factors in the studied su
HTLV-1 is a retrovirus which causes adult T cell leukemia and is transmitted through contaminated blood products. Patients who have received multiple transfusions are therefore at high risk of HTLV-1 infection. Since it has been postulated that 0.5% of Spanish blood donors present HTLV-1 antibodies, we decided to inve
HIV human infections therapy requires at least two different approaches: antiretroviral therapy, and immune system modulation (stimulation or suppression depending on the clinical and biological stage, and upon the pathogenesis of the disease). Because no animal model is today available, little is known about the path
Pioger JC; Taburet AM; Colin JN; Colaneri S; Fillastre JP; Singlas E
Pharmacokinetics of zidovudine was investigated after oral administration (200 mg) in 25 HIV seronegative subjects: 14 patients with severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance 6 to 31 ml/min), 5 hemodialyzed anuric patients, and 6 healthy subjects. In healthy subjects, G.
Deray G; Diquet B; Martinez F; Vidal AM; Petitclerc T; Land G; Raymond F; Baumelou A; Jacobs C
Zidovudine ( AZT ) is the only effective drug in the treatment of AIDS. No data are available on the pharmacokinetics of this drug in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). We report on the pharmacokinetics of zidovudine between sessions of hemod
Meyohas MC; Eliaszewicz M; Stromboni C; Frottier J
Opportunistic infections in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) require hematotoxic drugs. Neutropenia and anemia are the major hematologic abnormalities attributed to zidovudine ( AZT ). Concomitant medications associated with an in
AZT is the only available antiviral treatment. While using it, several problems appear to a general practitioner. 1) The supervision of the toxic effects, which is simple but does imply an experience. 2) The interaction of several drugs, while conside
Worth D; Department of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, Montefiore; Medical Center, Bronx, New York 10467.
This article examines the reasons for resistance to condom use among high-risk women (primarily intravenous drug users and/or the sexual partners of intravenous drug users) in two New York City AIDS prevention programs. The data collected indicate that a lack of economic, social, cultural, sexual, and technological op
West Indian Med J. 1989 Dec;38(4):234-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90163299
Orrett FA; Prabhakar P
Six hundred and fifty questionnaires were sent to Health-care Workers (HCW) in four hospitals to assess the knowledge and understanding on HIV transmission and isolation precautions to be instituted for control and also to ascertain whether any differences in knowledge existed between HCW of teaching and nonteaching h
Acta Med Port. 1989 Nov-Dec;2(6):266-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90164025
da Costa NF; Ouakinin S; Figueira L
Infection with human immunodeficiency virus creates the expectation of terrible disease marked by an inexorable physical decline. The majority of the affected patients are relatively young and pleasure plays an important role in their lives which will be marked by the possibility of an early death. This is a peculiar
Acta Med Port. 1989 Nov-Dec;2(6):270-5. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90164026
Monteiro JA; Guimaraes R; Albuquerue e Sousa J; Afonso L; Costa J; Morgado A; Proenca R
The AA. present a retrospective study on their experience with HIV positive patients, followed on the Infectious Diseases Department of the Hospital Curry Cabral, in Lisbon. This study was done in 90 patients seen since 1985 till March 1988. From the 90 patients, 81 were HIV--1 positive, 6 HIV--2 and 3 HIV1 + HIV2 pos
A sample of 21 AIDS patients were interviewed in the Hospital Clinic of Barcelona in order to assess their sexual behaviour. 12 were DAPV and 9 homosexual. The first sexual intercourse was before 16 years of age in 80% of the patients. 52% were highly promiscuous, an important factor in HVI infection. 57.1% referred a
Jahn S; Schwab J; Kiessig ST; Lukowsky A; Huhnholtz K; Mehl M; Specht U; Grunow R; von Baehr R; Department of Medical Immunology, Medical School, Humboldt; University Berlin.
Human lymphocytes derived from peripheral blood, the spleen and lymph nodes were fused to the HAT-sensitive heteromyeloma cell line CB-F7. The Ig-producing initial cell lines were selected, and the supernatants were further analyzed for specific antigen binding (ELISA). IgM-antibodies were found which reacted with sel
Ann Biol Clin (Paris). 1989;47(10):575-81. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90165043
Hamilton RG; Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of; Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224.
Monoclonal antibodies are being used as drugs in the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of human diseases. The discipline of antibody engineering has evolved with modern cellular and molecular biology methods to meet the challenge of producing human monoclonal antibodies for in vivo biotherapy. In this overview, app
Based on their experience with 2,000 procedures, the authors report on the advantages afforded by low pressure irrigation and the utilization of a trocar in TUR of the prostate. A new, efficient, automatically-controlled high-frequency surgical unit and a new trocar for suprapubic puncture are described.
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1989 Dec;5(6):577-91. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90122349
Erickson-Viitanen S; Manfredi J; Viitanen P; Tribe DE; Tritch R; Hutchison CA 3d; Loeb DD; Swanstrom R; Medical Products Department, E.I. duPont de Nemours and Co.,; Inc., Wilmington, DE 19898.
The virally encoded protease of human immunodeficiency virus is responsible for the processing of the gag and gag-pol polyprotein precursors to their mature polypeptides. Since correct processing of the viral polypeptides is essential for the production of infectious virus, HIV protease represents a potential target f
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1989 Dec;5(6):621-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90122353
Reiss P; De Ronde A; Lange JM; De Wolf F; Dekker J; Danner SA; Debouck C; Goudsmit J; Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Centre,; University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
An enzyme immunoassay based on an E. coli-produced HIV-1 rev gene product was used to detect rev-specific antibodies in longitudinally collected serum samples from 196 initially symptom-free men who were seropositive for antibodies to HIV-1 structural proteins and 72 men who seroconverted for such antibodies. In 61% o
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1989 Dec;5(6):663-70. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90122358
Kato S; Miki T; Takahashi N; Ohmori M; Hemmi H; Numao N; Kondo K; Genetic Engineering Section, Sagami Chemical Research Center,; Kanagawa, Japan.
The conditioned medium of a HTLV-I-carrying T cell line HUT-102 showed cytotoxic activity against a mouse fibroblast cell line L-M. We prepared the cDNA library from HUT-102 poly(A)+ RNA and screened it using oligonucleotide probes that correspond to the amino acid sequences conserved in tumor necrosis factor (TNF) an
Bull World Health Organ. 1989;67(5):577-82. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90124846
Marcus R; Kay K; Mann JM
Based on the information available, transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) can and does occur in health-care settings. No cases of such transmission have been reported from an infected health-care worker to a patient. Transmission of HIV from an infected patient to a health-care worker has been documented
Arsac M; Cugnenc PH; Lowenstein W; Tourani JM; Wind P; Faye A; Siksik JM
Numerous abdominal manifestations were noted among 600 patients undergoing treatment at Hospital Laennec for various stages of infection by the acquired immunodeficiency virus. These included violent abdominal pain in 30% of cases, the development of abdominal lymphoma, and occasionally alarming pseudo-surgical syndro
Sadaie MR; Benaissa ZN; Cullen BR; Wong-Staal F; Laboratory of Tumor Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute,; Bethesda, MD 20892.
Even though the rev gene of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is essential for viral replication, high levels of rev also downregulate viral gene expression. As the degree of rev protein expression exceeds expression of wild-type virus, a gradient of decreasing viral mRNA synthesis becomes evident. The t
East Afr Med J. 1989 Dec;66(12):837-43. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90126464
Chemtai AK
AIDS epidemic has highlighted the crucial importance of cell-mediated protective mechanisms against intracellular pathogens. Attempts are made in this review to focus on the current concepts in HIV infection and host responses, immunopathogenic mechanisms, vaccine approaches and the treatment aspects of AIDS patients.
Guenet C; Leppik RA; Pelton JT; Moelling K; Lovenberg W; Harris BA; Merrell Dow Research Institute, Strasbourg, France.
Considerable interest exists in the HIV-1 protease for biochemical studies as a potential therapeutic target of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. We have produced the retroviral enzyme in E. coli from a synthetic gene encoding the protease that was constructed by assembling six overlapping and complementary oligonuc
Janssen W; Trubner K; Puschel K; Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Hamburg, F.R.G.
Based on criminological experiences and pathomorphological, serological and toxicological studies of more than 300 fatalities, an overview is given of drugs, their intravenous abuse and drug deaths in Hamburg and the Federal Republic of Germany . The number of drug deaths has incre
Murray PA; Grassi M; Winkler JR; Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of; California, San Francisco 94143-0515.
2 intraoral lesions associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection have recently been described: an atypical gingivitis and a rapidly progressive periodontitis. The microbiota associated with these gingival and periodontal lesions was investigated. Subgingival plaque samples were taken from 45 HIV-seropo
Users of intravenous heroin, cocaine, and amphetamines risk the transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) through the sharing of contaminated injection equipment. Although most users are aware of this risk, the scarcity of sterile needles and syringes, combined with various social and cultural factors, foster
Fox RI; Dotan I; Compton T; Fei HM; Hamer M; Saito I; Department of Rheumatology, Research Institute of Scripps Clinic,; La Jolla, California 92037.
Autoimmune disease is generally felt to result from the interaction of genetic and environmental factors. In recent years, significant advances have been made in using recombinant DNA methods to analyze specific genetic factors and infectious agents. However, new techniques are needed that are more rapid, inexpensive,
Med Cutan Ibero Lat Am. 1989;17(4):269-73. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90135520
Lopez Bran E; Aguilar R; Marron JA; Figueredo MA; Garcia Ruiz JM; Departamento de Dermatologia Medico-Quirurgica y; Venereologia, Hospital Universitario San Carlos, Madrid.
alpha-2A-interferon is a useful and safe drug in Kaposi s sarcoma treatment although not free of serious side-effects when used at therapeutic dosages by which strict controls must be undertaken. When treatment has been interrupted, worsening and dissemination of the disease happened. No correlation has been found bet
Med Hypotheses. 1989 Dec;30(4):223-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90136250
Berencsi G; Minarovits J; Nasz I; Foldes I; Virology Branch, Semmelweis University Medical School, Budapest,; Hungary.
Introduction of leukocytes harbouring an artificially constructed defective HIV provirus into AIDS patients may result in inducing superinfection resistance against HIV and interfering with HIV receptors or replication of HIV. All these may slow down progression of the disease.
Schlienger JL; Lang JM; Unite d'Exploration Fonctionnelle Endocrino-Metabolique,; Hopital de Hautepierre, Strasbourg, France.
The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (SIDA) is a severe multivisceral affection that is sometimes composed of a clinical expression compatible with an endocrine insufficiency. The post-mortem verifications confirmed the high frequency of the suprarenal, pituitary and testicular lesions. The hormonal functional explo
Celton JL; Lefrere JJ; Cartron J; Roquin H; Kaplan C; Rouger P; Le Pennec PY; Salmon C; Centre de Transfusion Sanguine, Hopital Necker-Enfants Malades,; Paris, France.
The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of granulocyte-associated immunoglobulins (GA-IgG) during the follow-up of asymptomatic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected subjects. An increase in GA-IgG was detected in 32 asymptomatic HIV seropositive subjects by a granulocyte immunofluorescence tes
Pediatr Med Chir. 1989 Jul-Aug;11(4):379-83. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90138309
Ansaldi-Balocco N; Cimadamore N; Barbera C; Istituto di Discipline Pediatriche, Universita degli Studi di; Torino, Italia.
Hepatic transplantation is the only therapeutic choice for end-stage pediatric liver diseases. The survival improvement, registered in the last few years is mainly due to the employment of cyclosporine in therapy, but also to new and sophisticated surgical techniques and immunosuppressive drugs. The indications in chi
Pathol Res Pract. 1989 Dec;185(6):930-4. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90138483
Hiddemann W; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Munster, FRG.
An increased incidence of malignant tumors has long been recognized in patients with primary immune defects such as the X-linked lympho-proliferative syndrome or the Wiskott Aldrich syndrome and has recently become a major concern also in cases with acquired immunodeficiency. The latter may be induced by cytostatic th
Altschuler C; Resbeut M; Maraninchi D; Guillet JP; Blaise D; Stoppa AM; Carcassonne Y; Institut J. Paoli-I. Calmettes, Marseille, France.
From March 1982 to December 1986, 32 patients with standard risk leukaemia were conditioned for allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) with low dose fractionated total body irradiation (TBI) after infusion of alkylating agents. This series includes six children and 26 adults. Minimal follow-up was 24 months. The
O'Doherty MJ; Page CJ; Bradbeer CS; Shahmanesh M; Edwards A; Barlow D; Nunan TO; Bateman NT; Department of Nuclear Medicine, St Thomas' Hospital, London, U.K.
Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) is the most common cause of pneumonia in HIV antibody positive patients, but other pneumonias remain important, i.e. streptococcal and mycobacterial infections. A definitive diagnosis relies on obtaining samples from the lung either noninvasively (induced sputum), or invasively (br
Res Virol. 1989 Nov-Dec;140(6):511-29. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90139923
Bouillant AM; Ruckerbauer GM; Nielsen KH; Agriculture Canada, Animal Diseases Research Institute, Nepean,; Ontario.
Bovine immunodeficiency-like virus (BIV) is an infectious and leukotropic retrovirus, the sole lentivirus candidate which has been isolated from cattle. Although BIV has recently been shown to be related to the human immunodeficiency virus, there is very limited information on the replication and the pathogenesis of B
De Girolami U; Henin D; Girard B; Katlama C; Le Hoang P; Hauw JJ; Laboratoire de Neuropathologie R. Escourolle, La Salpetriere,; Paris.
We have reviewed the clinical and pathologic findings of 25 patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) who had a complete post-mortem examination including a study of the nervous system and of one or both eyes. Cytomegalovirus ( CMV ) retinitis wa
Masson C; Chaunu MP; Henin D; Masson M; Cambier J; Service de Neurologie, Hopital Beaujon, Clichy.
A case of HTLV-I associated myelopathy in a 51 year-old Haitian woman is reported. MRI showed high signals in the cerebral white matter on T2-weighted images. There also was clinical and electrophysiological evidence of myositis, and a biopsy of the quadriceps muscle showed dense inflammatory infiltrates surrounding s
Rev Hosp Clin Fac Med Sao Paulo. 1989 May-Jun;44(3):115-20. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90140140
Veronesi R; Focaccia R; Mazza CC
One of the most intriguing aspects concerning the pathogenesis of AIDS is the long period of latency of the HIV in human cells, not causing any cytopatic effect in some and, on the other hand, causing cell destruction, at short periods, in others. The various agents and the mechanisms they adopt to reactivate the late
Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1989 Jul-Aug;83(4):441-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90141827
Fleming AF; Department of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases,; Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, UK.
Major causes of anaemia in pregnancy in tropical Africa are malaria, iron deficiency, folate deficiency and haemoglobinopathies: now there is added also the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Anaemia is often multifactorial, with the different causes interacting in a vicious cycle of depressed immunity, infec
Truffot-Pernot C; Lecoeur HF; Maury L; Dautzenberg B; Grosset J; Laboratoire Central de Bacteriologie, Clinique de; Physiopathologie Respiratoire, Groupe Hospitalier; Pitie-Salpetriere, Paris.
Since the advent of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) numerous M. avium intracellulare disseminated infections have been recognised. Blood culture is a convenient method for diagnosing these infections. At Pitie-Salpetriere hospital AIDS patients with persistent unexplained fever each had three blood cultu
Zhou ZA; Adachi Y; Maki M; Hatanaka M; Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Japan.
Human T-cell leukemia virus type-I (HTLV-I) has a post-transcriptional regulatory gene termed rex. We have designed the rex gene to express in E. coli. Synthesis of rex protein, p27rex, was examined by immunoblot analysis using anti-p27rex antibody. No difference in electrophoretic mobility in NaDadSO4-PAGE was observ
Vrach Delo. 1989 Oct;(10):1-4. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90142705
Grinevich IuA
Literary data are used to describe the types of immunodeficiency, association of malignant tumours with immunodeficiency including acquired (AIDS). The author reports the incidence of AIDS among the population of Europe and the prognosis to 1990, describes the main typical clinical symptoms of AIDS and the tactics of
West J Med. 1989 Dec;151(6):632-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90142823
Dixon AC; Dixon PS; Nakamura JM
The human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) is the first retrovirus identified in humans. It has been responsible for a number of clinical syndromes, most notably adult T-cell leukemia or lymphoma and tropical spastic paraparesis. In the United States , infection with this virus
The capacity of merthiolate (also known as thimerosal), a mercury organic compound used as preservative in vaccines, to induce chromosomal aberrations was studied in vivo in experiments on mice. The metaphasic method of the registration of anomalies was used. In a dose of 3.3 micrograms/kg body weight merthiolate did
Ann Acad Med Singapore. 1989 Sep;18(5):608-15. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90146147
Samaranayake LP; University of Glasgow School of Dentistry, Scotland, United; Kingdom.
Infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the aetiologic agent of AIDS has emerged as the medicine s modern scourge of mankind. Despite the millions of pounds and dollars spent on conquering the disease, it is spreading globally and millions are thought to be currently infected. There is, therefore, littl
Field HJ; Brown GA; Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, University of; Cambridge, U.K.
Traditionally animal models have formed a vital part of the preclinical evaluation of new forms of antiviral therapy. A variety of models used in the past or potentially useful in the future are considered in this short review. Several valuable and complex questions concerning virus-drug interactions in vivo have been
Biochemistry. 1989 Dec 26;28(26):10043-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90148926
Roberts WJ; Pan T; Elliott JI; Coleman JE; Williams KR; Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale; University, New Haven, Connecticut 06510.
The RNA binding protein of 56 residues encoded by the extreme 3 region of the gag gene of Rauscher murine leukemia virus (MuLV) has been chemically synthesized by a solid-phase synthesis approach. Since the peptide contains a Cys26-X2-Cys29-X4-His34-X2-Cys39 sequence that is shared by all retroviral gag polyproteins
Volberding PA; McCutchan JA; San Francisco General Hospital, University of California.
The sudden appearance, rapid spread, and devastating clinical impact of HIV infection in Africa, Europe and North America has created a medical problem unprecedented in the modern era. HIV is sexually transmitted, afflicts sexual and racial minorities in developed countries, and appears likely to be fatal and incurabl
Zhou EM; Kennedy RC; Department of Virology and Immunology, Southwest Foundation for; Biomedical Research, San Antonio, TX 78284.
There exists an abundance of literature on the prospects for developing vaccines against the etiologic viral agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Excellent reviews from a variety of investigators are available on this subject. It is our intention to review the literature relative to potential strategies
Bull N Y Acad Med. 1989 Sep;65(7):787-800. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90149452
Ron A; Rogers DE
The key to the future of the HIV epidemic is the intravenous drug user. In New York City the future has arrived--intravenous drug use is now the predominant risk factor among new cases of AIDS. Our limited knowledge of most facets of drug abuse prevention and treatment and the emotional polarity and politicalization o
Cancer Detect Prev. 1989;14(2):299-308. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90150188
Mitsuya H; Broder S; Clinical Oncology Program, National Cancer Institute, National; Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.
It has been shown that the replication of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) can be suppressed in the clinical setting by drugs based on the selective in vitro antiretroviral activity. We now know that such antiretroviral chemotherapy can confer prolonged survival and improved quality of life in patients with advanced
Wolff H; Anderson DJ; Dermatologische Klinik und Poliklinik,; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat Munchen.
HIV in the semen is located in the mononuclear cell fraction, which contains CD4 lymphocytes and monocytes/macrophages, i.e. the classic HIV host cells. In addition, HIV is also present in cell-free seminal fluid. The results on HIV binding to spermatozoa are still controversial. Genital tract infections are a possibl
Gschnait F; Schwarz T; Hobisch G; Schmidt BL; Dermatologische Abteilung, Krankenhaus der Stadt Wien-Lainz.
Serological testing aimed at the detection of antibodies against the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is now performed throughout the world to screen stored blood for transfusion, for the diagnosis of HIV infection and of AIDS, and to determine the prognosis of AIDS patients. The present report, based on 258,090 ser
Farmer JL; Hampton RG; Boots E; Abbott Laboratories, Diagnostics Division, Abbott Park, IL 60064.
A baculovirus expression system for the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp160 has been used as a model for development of flow cytometric assays for monitoring production of cell-associated recombinant antigen. Using monoclonal antibodies to the transmembrane (gp41) or envelope (gp120) portion of gp160, gp120, but not gp4
Downie JC; Howard R; Bowcock B; Cunningham AL; NSW State Reference Laboratory for AIDS Virology, Department of; Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Westmead Hospital,; Australia.
The Westmead HIV-1 antibody testing strategy showed that, regardless of ELISA screening kit manufacturer, sera which were repeatedly positive by two ELISA screening assays (one indirect and the other competitive format) had a 97-98% chance of being confirmed positive by Western blot for HIV-1 antibody or a less than 3
Haverkos HW; Clinical Medicine Branch, NIDA Department of Clinical Research,; Rockville, Maryland 20857.
This article summarizes the epidemiology of AIDS and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection among intravenous drug abusers (IVDAs) in the United States and discusses the status of approaches to prevent HIV infection and to treat AIDS patients. Finally, the status of research of s
Samaranayake LP; Holmstrup P; Department of Oral Medicine and Pathology, Glasgow Dental; Hospital and School, Scotland.
The association of oral candidiasis with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has been known since the advent of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) pandemic. Oral candidiasis is one of the earliest premonitory signs of HIV infection and its diagnosis may have grave prognostic implications for th
Med Cutan Ibero Lat Am. 1989;17(5):326-31. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90157705
Pujol C; Febrer I; Peydro A; Carda C; Valcuende F; Castells A; Grau M; Millan F; Aliaga A; Departamento de Dermatologia, Hospital Clinico. Valencia.
Oral hairy leukoplakia (HL) is a newly described lesion (1984) in human immunodeficiency virus infected patients. Patients with HL show a high probability of developing an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The results of histopathological, microbiological, immunological and ultrastructural studies in five pat
Gangadharam PR; Perumal VK; Jairam BT; Podapati NR; Taylor RB; LaBrecque JF; Mycobacteriology Research Laboratories, National Jewish Center; for Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, Denver, CO 80206.
The virulence of 24 strains of Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) isolated from patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) was assessed using the beige mouse model. Most changes in colony forming unit (cfu) counts in spleen and lungs, and spleen weights occurred between days 1 and 14, with comparatively s
Lassam N; Feigenbaum L; Vogel J; Jay G; Laboratory of Virology, Jerome H. Holland Laboratory, American; Red Cross, Rockville, MD 20855.
An understanding of the pathogenesis of human viral diseases has been hampered by the lack of suitable animal models. However, with the advent in the last decade of transgenic technology, it is now possible to introduce one or more viral genes into the germ-line of animals. Thus, transgenic technology allows for the s
Gallet S; Bellon G; Clinique medicale infantile, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud,; France.
Primary tuberculosis should be treated in all cases. In adults, the total treatment course for pulmonary tuberculosis can be shortened to 6 months. If the disease is not symptomatic, the rifampicin-isoniazid combination (10 mg/kg/day each) appears to be preferable to single drug therapy. In patients with symptomatic d
Strickler JE; Gorniak J; Dayton B; Meek T; Moore M; Magaard V; Malinowski J; Debouck C; Department of Macromolecular Sciences, Smith, Kline and French; Laboratories, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406.
A recombinant plasmid encompassing the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV 1) protease coding sequence and flanking regions (Ala-13 to Gly-185 of the pol open reading frame) has been expressed in two distinct strains of Escherichia coli, AR58 and AR68. In the first strain, AR58, the primary translation product, a
Pichuantes S; Babe LM; Barr PJ; Craik CS; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California,; San Francisco 94143.
The protease of the human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV1) was expressed both intracellularly and extracellularly in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Intracellular expression of the protease was achieved by fusing a 179 amino acid precursor form of the protease to human superoxide dismutase (hSOD). Self-processing of the
Sanz del Forcallo FJ; Garcia Delgado R; Ortiz Masllorens F
Antibodies to antigens codified by the env and gag genes of HIV were separately assayed for in the sera of 150 infected people. From a practical standpoint, enzyme immunoassay was a more convenient and reliable technique than Western blot. Anti-env was positive in 100% and anti-gag in 70% of the cases. A positive anti
3 -azido-3 -deoxythymidine is a thymidine analogue with an in vitro as well as in vivo efficacy towards HIV-mediated infection. Zidovudine exerts its action, following an intracellular three-step phosphorylation, through viral reverse transcriptase inhibition. Its half-life is approximately one hour. Oral biodisponibi
Acta Med Okayama. 1989 Dec;43(6):317-21. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90163976
Taguchi H; Miyoshi I; Department of Internal Medicine, Kochi Medical School, Japan.
Suppression of the cellular immune system appears to be a prerequisite for the manifestation of adult T-cell leukemia (ATL). In other words, ATL will develop when impairment of the immune system is caused by the infection of human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I). This defect of immune surveillance against virus-i
Ann Biol Clin (Paris). 1989;47(10):635-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90165050
Beauvais B; Sarfati C; Gerber F; Lariviere M; Hirsch A; Laboratoire Central de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Hopital; Saint-Louis, Paris.
Two histochemical staining methods, eosine-methylene blue fast (RAL 555) and silver methenamine (modified Grocott s technique), and indirect immunofluorescence assay with an anticyst monoclonal antibody were used to detect Pneumocystis carinii in the broncho-alveolar lavage fluid and induced sputum from 58 HIV+ patien
Perspectives of search, among natural and semisynthetic antibiotics, for inhibitors of different stages of the human immunodeficiency virus replication are discussed. The compounds which inhibit the virus absorbtion, reverse transcription, viral mRNA synthesis, viral protein translation or viral glycoprotein processin
Alpha interferons act virostatically by influencing several cellular enzymes involved in virus replication. The success of treatment with biosynthetic recombinant interferon alfa-2b (rIFN alfa-2b) has been confirmed in numerous clinical studies. Following intralesional injection, up to 56% of condylomata acuminata wer
Lane HC; Clinical and Molecular Retrovirology Section, National Institute; of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892.
In the last several years, the biologic modification of the immune system has become one of the therapeutic alternatives in medicine. The use of interferon alpha has resulted in both antineoplastic and antiviral effects in patients with AIDS-associated Kaposi s sarcoma. Trials currently underway will determine whether
Kegeles SM; Coates TJ; Christopher TA; Lazarus JL; Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, University of California; School of Medicine, San Francisco 94143-0320.
Fenyo EM; Albert J; Asjo B; Department of Virology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
Naturally occurring HIV variants show distinct biologic features that correspond to the severity of HIV infection. Virus from asymptomatic HIV carriers or individuals with mild disease replicates slowly and inefficiently in the patients peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures. Attempts to passage these viruses in
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1989 Dec;5(6):605-12. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90122351
Caruso A; Pollara P; Foresti I; Bonfanti C; De Francesco M; Gelmi M; Turano A; Institute of Microbiology, University of Brescia, Spedali Civili,; Italy.
Purified HIV-1 antigen preparations produced in cell culture were found to contain interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). Electron microscopic examination of HIV-1 released by H9 cells, a cell line found to produce IFN-gamma, showed the presence of this molecule on the surface of the virus particle. The HIV-1 protein p17 was f
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1989 Dec;5(6):655-61. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90122357
Lin RY; Nygren E; Valinsky J; Franklin M; Metropolitan Hospital, New York, NY.
A total of 36 intravenous drug abusers (IVDA) were studied for circulating immune complexes (CIC) and serum soluble CD8 antigen (sCD8). None had symptoms or signs of AIDS-related complex or AIDS. sCD8 levels were significantly higher in 18 patients who had HIV antibody (Ab) compared with 18 patients who were HIV Ab ne
Maeda Y; Imai J; Kiyokawa H; Kanamura M; Hino S; Fukuoka Red Cross Blood Center.
In order to test the performance of particle agglutination assay (PA), 800 preselected PA-positive sera at 8 blood centers in the Kyushu area were tested in various assays. Most blood centers should improve their PA technique, since a third of the samples were PA-negative in our hands. A third of our PA high-titer ser
Med Lab Sci. 1989 Oct;46(4):309-12. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90135895
Moore FM; Simpson D
A cost-effective immunoassay for the detection of opiates in urine has been developed using commercial reagents on a centrifugal analyser. Using this method it is possible to assay up to 2470 samples with a 100 test kit while maintaining good precision. A mean CV of 4.2% was obtained for the concentration range 123-57
Med Microbiol Immunol (Berl). 1989;178(6):315-21. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90136318
Maes R; ANDA Biologicals, Strasbourg, France.
A serological test detecting circulating mycobacterial antibodies of the IgG type applied to various populations. The test detected no positive cases among old age people in a retirement home. Among sexually active women, 3% were positive. This percentage of antigen 60-positive cases was also found among asymptomatic
Mil Med. 1989 Oct;154(10):527-30. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90137320
Judge LM; Hankins GD
A 32-year-old HIV-positive black female underwent 70 days of intensive care after she developed acute fatty liver disease of pregnancy. During her hospitalization, multiple invasive procedures were performed on this patient and many residents, staff, nurses, and technicians were exposed to her body secretions. The pat
Rev Prat. 1989 Dec 21;39(30):2669-73. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90140289
Laurian Y; Centre de traitement pour hemophiles, hopital de Bicetre, Le; Kremlin-Bicetre.
Progress for the care of severe haemophilia patients were major in the last 20 years (Factor VIII and IX concentrates, on demand home treatment, prophylactic treatment, comprehensive haemophilia centers) allowing a quite normal life up to the contamination by HIV of 50 p. 100 of french haemophiliacs.
Rev Prat. 1989 Dec 21;39(30):2674-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90140290
Allain JP; Diagnostics division, Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, North; Chicago Illinois 60064.
French hemophiliacs have been infected with HIV between 1980 and 1985 initially by american Factor VIII concentrates and later by french Factor VIII and IX concentrates. Viral inactivation methods applied to these plasma derivatives appear to have interrupted infection the rate of which is currently about 50 p. 100. A
Magallon M; Bello JL; Herruzo R; Ortega F; Martin Villar J
The frequent occurrence of peripheral cytopenias is a common clinical fact in patients with HIV-1 infection, and its pathogenetic mechanism is not clear, although several hypotheses have been proposed. Such cytopenias are frequently observed in haemophilic patients, in whom the immunologic alteration induced by contin
Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1989 Jul-Aug;83(4):553-5. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90141865
Elvin KM; Lumbwe CM; Luo NP; Bjorkman A; Kallenius G; Linder E; Department of Parasitology, National Bacteriological Laboratory,; Stockholm, Sweden.
The clinical occurrence of Pneumocystis carinii and Mycobacterium tuberculosis was investigated in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) who had clinical pneumonia of unknown aetiology in Lusaka, Zambia . The results were compared with a similar group of patients
Weiss L; Haeffner-Cavaillon N; Laude M; Gilquin J; Kazatchkine MD; INSERM U28, Hopital Broussais, Paris, France.
Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is not constitutively produced by normal human monocytes. We have investigated the production of cell-associated IL-1 in uncultured unstimulated adherent monocytes from HIV-infected patients, which reflects ongoing generation of IL-1 by the cells in vivo. High levels of cell-associated IL-1 activi
Sonnerborg AB; von Sydow MA; Forsgren M; Strannegard OO; Department of Virology, Stockholm County Council, Sweden.
The levels of antibodies to HIV-1 and the occurrence of HIV-1 were determined in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and the blood of 60 people in various stages of HIV-1 infection. Intrathecal synthesis of anti-HIV-1 immunoglobulin (Ig) G was detectable at a low frequency in individuals with normal immunological parameters
McCarthy MC; Hyams KC; el-Tigani el-Hag A; el-Dabi MA; el-Sadig el-Tayeb M; Khalid IO; George JF; Constantine NT; Woody JN; United States Naval Medical Research Unit No. 3, Cairo, Egypt.
A seroepidemiologic survey was conducted among 773 male soldiers living in five urban locations in Sudan to study the prevalence of and risk factors for HIV-1 and hepatitis B transmission. Twenty-eight per cent of the study population were born and raised in southern Sudan, an area
Chirgwin K; Rao TK; Landesman SH; Department of Medicine, State University of New York Health; Science Center, Brooklyn.
The number of intravenous drugs users (IVDUs) developing end-stage renal disease at our institution increased 400% between 1981 and 1987. During this period the total number of IVDUs in our catchment area remained stable and referral patterns to our hospital were unchanged. A serologic, clinical and risk-factor survey
Pedersen C; Ingeberg S; Teglbjaerg LS; Department of Infectious Diseases, Hvidovre Hospital, University; of Copenhagen, Denmark.
Serum thymidine kinase (S-TK) was measured weekly in 16 randomly selected patients with AIDS or AIDS-related complex (ARC; Centers for Disease Control group IV A or group IV C-2) who participated in a controlled study of the efficacy of zidovudine therapy. S-TK increased significantly (P less than 0.01) in the zidovud
van der Wouw PA; Hadderingh RJ; Reiss P; Hulsebosch HJ; Walford N; Lange JM; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Amsterdam, The; Netherlands.
A patient with AIDS developed subcutaneous nodules and associated osteolytic lesions with negative stains and cultures for bacteria, fungi and parasites. Flucloxacillin was not effective but treatment with vancomycin was associated with improvement. Six months later the patient became severely ill, with fever, malaise
Carswell JW; Lloyd G; Howells J; Public Health Laboratory Service, Salisbury, Wiltshire, UK.
Sixty-eight lorry drivers and their assistants were examined for evidence of infection with HIV-1 because of their association and regular contact with prostitutes. Out of a total of 68 drivers, 24 (35.2%) were serologically found to be HIV-1 positive. Epidemiological evidence demonstrated a wide travel history involv
Gene. 1989 Dec 21;85(1):109-14. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90152351
Brinkmann U; Mattes RE; Buckel P; Department of Genetics, Boehringer Mannheim GmbH, Penzberg; (F.R.G.).
We have observed that proteins, such as human tissue-type plasminogen activator, pro-urokinase or gp41 of human immunodeficiency virus, which have a high content of rare codons in their respective genes, are not readily expressed in Escherichia coli. Furthermore induction of these heterologous genes leads to growth in
Health Educ. 1989 Dec;20(5):39-43. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90153504
DiClemente RJ; Houston-Hamilton A
Programs designed to increase self-protective behaviors are urgently needed to avert a marked increase in HIV infection among minority adolescent populations. AIDS interventions which neglect any component of the prevention triad severely limit potential for positively impacting on adolescent risk behaviors. Proactive
Health Educ. 1989 Dec;20(5):44-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90153505
Gilliam A; Scott M; Troup J
The most preferable approach to implementing an AIDS education program among homeless women would be to establish a systematic comprehensive procedure addressing political, social, economic, and health concerns facing the ethnic minority community. A pragmatic approach would be to implement health education programs w
Med Law. 1989;8(3):233-41. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90157895
Martin J
A warning is sounded against harsh legislation aimed at AIDS sufferers and HIV seropositives, and a plea put forward for humane and sensitive treatment of sufferers.
Intravenous acyclovir and vidarabine were compared in the treatment of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infection in 25 immunocompromised children--13 with acute lymphocytic leukemia, three with other types of cancer, two with immunodeficiency and in seven undergoing prednisolone treatment. Thirteen had varicella and 12 h
Buslau M; Hanel H; Holzmann H; Zentrum der Dermatologie und Venerologie der Johann Wolfgang; Goethe-Universitat Frankfurt am Main.
The high prevalence of seborrheic dermatitis in HIV-infected subjects has led to intensified the discussion of the etiopathogenesis of this dermatological disease. There is increasing controversy about the significance of Pityrosporum in seborrheic dermatitis. On the other hand, recent clinical and experimental data f
J Med Virol. 1989 Nov;29(3):176-80. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90132610
Crowe SM; McGrath MS; Elbeik T; Kirihara J; Mills J; MacFarlane Burnet Centre for Medical Research, Fairfield; Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.
We compared the efficacy of 3 antiretrovirals in cultured human peripheral blood monocyte-derived macrophages and lymphoid cells infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Zidovudine (greater than 0.01 micrograms/ml) or foscarnet (greater than or equal to 100 micrograms/ml) consistently inhibited HIV replic
Koshida R; Cox S; Harmenberg J; Gilljam G; Wahren B; Department of Virology, National Bacteriological Laboratory,; Stockholm, Sweden.
One hundred nucleoside analogs with fluorine substitutions at various positions on the pentose ring were evaluated for inhibitory activity against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Nine compounds emerged as inhibitors of HIV-1 replication, with various degrees of selectivity; the most active of these was 3
The effectiveness of premarital screening program for HIV infection is discussed, in relation to hypothetical objectives: improvement of individual health, prevention of transmission of HIV infection and estimate of prevalence among sexually active population. Taking into account validity of screening test, natural hi
Calleri G; Macor A; Belloro S; Caramello P; Dirindin N
We carried out a retrospective research into the hospital care cost of 52 AIDS cases we observed in our department, in the period 1984-1988. These patients required an average of 3.2 hospital admissions per year, and 101.3 hospitalization days per year, spending more than one fourth of their life span after their diag
Elective dental care could be rendered to AIDS patients without posing any health danger to both the dental personnel and the other patients if appropriate protocols are followed to prevent cross-contamination. Elective dental service was provided to an AIDS patient under sterile-clean technique. It should be emphasiz
In West Germany the incidence of new cases of genitourinary tuberculosis has continued to decline just as the trend of the tuberculosis situation decreased in the development countries, which is certainly due to modern chemotherapy and effective hygienic health care. Genitourinary
Spec Care Dentist. 1989 Nov-Dec;9(6):191-4. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90162287
Barr CE; Rua-Dobles A; Puig N
This case-controlled study compared the types of routine dental services provided to an HIV-infected group with those provided to an HIV-negative cohort. No statistical differences in requesting dental treatment (routine or emergency) or in the types of dental treatment provided to the two groups were reported, except
Sparger EE; Luciw PA; Elder JH; Yamamoto JK; Lowenstine LJ; Pedersen NC; Department of Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University; of California, Davis 95616.
Alter MJ; Favero MS; Miller JK; Moyer LA; Bland LA; Hepatitis Branch, Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease; Control, Atlanta, GA 30333.
The Centers for Disease Control surveyed 1,630 chronic hemodialysis centers in the United States in 1987 in conjunction with the annual facility survey done by the Health Care Financing Administration. Information was obtained on the following diseases and practices: 1) hepatitis B vir
Weisenthal RW; Sinclair SH; Frank I; Rubin DH; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania School of; Medicine, Philadelphia.
Cytomegaloviral retinitis was diagnosed in nine eyes of seven patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) on the basis of the characteristic ocular findings and a positive culture for cytomegalovirus ( CMV ) obtain
J Med Virol. 1989 Nov;29(3):160-3. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90132607
Kiyosawa K; Oofusa H; Saitoh H; Sodeyama T; Tanaka E; Furuta S; Itoh S; Ogata H; Kobuchi H; Kameko M; et al; Department of Internal Medicine, Shinshu University School of; Medicine, Nagano-ken, Japan.
To evaluate the prevalence of hepatitis virus markers and human T-cell lymphotropic virus infections among drug abusers in Japan , serum samples were collected from 91 male drug abusers at the Shinshu University Hospital and the rehabilitation facility in Matsumoto and from 519 healt
Leger JM; Bouche P; Bolgert F; Chaunu MP; Rosenheim M; Cathala HP; Gentilini M; Hauw JJ; Brunet P; Clinique des Maladies du Systeme Nerveux, Hopital de la; Salpetriere, Paris, France.
Twenty five patients with peripheral neuropathy at different stages of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are reported. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) findings were available in 17 cases, electrophysiology in all and a neuromuscular biopsy in 11. Of six otherwise
Life Sci. 1989;45(26):2509-20. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90135810
Brewton GW; Hersh EM; Rios A; Mansell PW; Hollinger B; Reuben JM; Department of Clinical Immunology and Biological Therapy, M.D.; Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030.
We investigated the use of diethyldithiocarbamate (DTC, or Imuthiolr, Merieux Institute) as a therapeutic agent in patients with Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) and AIDS-Related Complex (ARC). Patients were prospectively stratified and randomized to receive DTC 200 mg/m2 intravenously weekly for 16 weeks or
Vasetskii NS; Tikhonenko AT; Golovkina TV; Gudkov AV
11 recombinant bacteriophages from the genomic library of Djungarian hamster genome, that carry MMTV-related sequences (MRS-Ps), have been cloned with the murine mammary cancer virus (MMTV) as a hybridization probe. The sequences are repeated 50 times in the genome. MRS-Ps contain the tracts of homology with the long
Pathol Res Pract. 1989 Dec;185(6):915-29. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90138482
Krueger GR; Sander C; Institute of Pathology, University of Cologne, FRG.
Human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6), formerly known as human B-lymphotropic virus (HBLV), was first isolated in 1986 from patients with lymphoproliferative disorders and AIDS. Antibody prevalence against HHV-6 varies between about 60-80% indicating a widespread latent infection. Although HHV-6 infects in vivo primarily T-lymp
Rodahl E; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of; Trondheim, Norway.
Retroviruses have been proposed as etiologic agents for the development of chronic arthritis in humans. The arthritis seen in goats infected by caprine arthritis encephalitis virus and the spontaneous arthritis of inbred MRL/l mice illustrate how retroviruses may cause the development of a disorder closely resembling
Hennis HL; Scott AA; Apple DJ; Department of Ophthalmology, Storm Eye Institute, Medical; University of South Carolina, Charleston.
Cytomegalovirus retinitis is a frequent and serious complication of various conditions, including diseases characterized by impaired immunity, such as the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Due to recent advances in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis, accurate diagnosis an
Hamamoto Y; Takamatsu K; Kobayashi S; Yamaguchi K; Yamamoto N; Kobayashi N; Department of Virology and Parasitology, Yamaguchi University; School of Medicine, Japan.
Defective HIV-producing T-cell lines were subcloned from MT-4/HIVHTLV-IIIB MOLT-4/HIVHTLV-IIIB, and H9/HIVHTLV-IIIB cell lines chronically infected with HIV. The NY-M10 cell line derived from MOLT-4/HIVHTLV-IIIB and the NY-H6 cell line derived from H9/HIVHTLV-IIIB produce defective HIV, which lacks the ability to inf
Endo S; Kubota S; Siomi H; Adachi A; Oroszlan S; Maki M; Hatanaka M; Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Japan.
The trans-acting factor of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Tat, has a basic amino-acid cluster that is highly conserved among different HIV isolates. We have examined the effects of mutations in the basic region of Tat on its trans-acting activity and cellular localization. Introduction of a stop codon immediately
The review article on Simian AIDS viruses compiles the presently known facts of AIDS-related simian retroviruses causing immunodeficiencies or lymphomas in nonhuman primates. They are also compared to the situation in man. Simian acquired immunodeficiencies or lymphoproliferative diseases can be caused by infectious (
Epstein LG; Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center,; New York 14642.
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) are members of the lentivirus subfamily of retroviruses. Both are capable of establishing persistent infection in the nervous system and both demonstrate increased virulence in the immature of their respective host species. Brain infect
Huet T; Dazza MC; Brun-Vezinet F; Roelants GE; Wain-Hobson S; Laboratoire de Biologie et Immunologie Moleculaires des; Retrovirus, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
In central equatorial Africa the frequency of uninterpretable or atypical Western blots (WB)--ie. antibodies to gag proteins only--can represent up to 50% of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-positive samples. To date the significance of such serology remains unknown. Nevertheless, an unusual HIV-1 strain has
The self-assembly properties of a protein encoded by the yeast retrotransposon Ty can be exploited to produce large amounts of recombinant, particulate fusion proteins as hybrid Ty virus-like particles (Ty-VLPs). This system has now been adapted to allow the release of the additional protein by incorporation of a prot
Altanerova V; Ban J; Altaner C; Department of Molecular Virology, Slovak Academy of Sciences,; Bratislava, Czechoslovakia.
Newborn rabbits were inoculated with bovine leukaemia virus (BLV). The majority of infected rabbits produced antiviral antibodies. All the seroconverted animals developed symptoms resembling AIDS and died several months after inoculation. The course of experimental infection of rabbits with BLV resembled in many respe
Cancer Detect Prev. 1989;14(2):295-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90150187
Wong-Staal F; Laboratory of Tumor Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute,; National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is unique among retroviruses in its genetic complexity. Its genome encodes a number of positive, differential, and negative regulatory genes, whose interplay appears to be directed at maintaining a steady, low-level virus expression. Since clinical progression and CD4 cell depletion
Multifocal simultaneous retinochoroditis are more and more frequent. They seem improved by immunodeficiencies. In 12 cases observed during only the 1987 year: 5 were spontaneous and 7 in relation with a corticosteroid treatment associated or not with other immunosuppressors. The vitreous products analysis lead in 10 c
Naesens L; Balzarini J; Rosenberg I; Holy A; De Clercq E; Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit,; Leuven, Belgium.
9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)-2,6-diaminopurine (PMEDAP) is a potent inhibitor of the replication of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in human T-lymphocyte MT-4 cells (50% effective dose: 2 microM). PMEDAP strongly inhibited Moloney murine sarcoma virus (MSV)-induced transformation of murine C3H/3T3 embryo fibroblast
Desrosiers RC; Ringler DJ; Department of Microbiology, New England Regional Primate Research; Center, Harvard Medical School, Southborough, MA 01772.
Despite frequent statements to the contrary, there are good animal models for AIDS. In this review, we summarize the properties of one of the most useful animal models: infection of rhesus monkeys with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV). The SIVs are an extensive group of HIV-related lentiviruses of nonhuman primates
J Med Virol. 1989 Dec;29(4):244-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90155249
Haritani H; Uchida T; Okuda Y; Shikata T; First Department of Pathology, Nihon University School of; Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
3 -Azido-3 -deoxythymidine ( AZT ) inhibits the replication of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) by blocking the formation of the phosphodiester bond and has been used clinically for the treatment of HIV infection. To assess the effect of AZT on th
Greenspan JS; Rabanus JP; Petersen V; Greenspan D; Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of; California, San Francisco 94143-0512.
We evaluated biopsy specimens of 42 cases of clinically suspected oral hairy leukoplakia for the pattern and frequency of ultrastructural alterations specific to epithelial cells infected with Epstein-Barr virus. Some structures could clearly be identified as Epstein-Barr virus at different stages of assembly, but oth
Bermudez LE; Young LS; Kuzell Institute for Arthritis & Infectious Diseases, Medical; Research Institute of San Francisco at Pacific Presbyterian; Medical Center California 94115.
Among mycobacteria, those belonging to the Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) are the most common cause of bacteremia in AIDS patients. To understand better the mechanisms by which human macrophages kill intracellular MAC, we studied in an in vitro test system transparent morphotypes of the three most common bacteremic
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1989 Dec;5(6):565-75. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90122348
Yourno J; Fisher AG; Looney DJ; Gallo RC; Wong-Staal F; Laboratory of Tumor Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute,; Bethesda, MD 20892.
To study biologic properties associated with specific regions of HIV-1, a chimera, pHX-JY1, was constructed by exchanging the vif-env region of a Zairian molecular clone (JY1) with that of pHXB2gpt, a full-length biologically active proviral clone of North American origin. Virus was produced by transfection of permiss
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1989 Dec;5(6):613-20. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90122352
Kerkau T; Schmitt-Landgraf R; Schimpl A; Wecker E; Institut fur Virologie und Immunobiologie der Universitat,; Wurzburg, FRG.
By means of indirect immunofluorescence analysis we investigated the effect of HIV-1 infection on HLA class I surface antigens. We report here that in CD4+ HeLa cells, in H9 cells, and in peripheral T lymphocytes HLA class I antigens are downregulated following infection with HIV-1. The downregulation is effected at a
Drug Metab Dispos. 1989 Nov-Dec;17(6):590-4. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90126310
Doshi KJ; Gallo JM; Boudinot FD; Schinazi RF; Chu CK; Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of; Georgia, Athens 30602.
The pharmacokinetics of 3 -azido-3 -deoxythymidine ( AZT ) and 3 -azido-2 ,3 -dideoxyuridine (AZddU, CS-87), active anti-HIV compounds, were characterized in uninfected mice. Sensitive and specific HPLC techniques were used to quantitate AZT and AZddU c
J Med Virol. 1989 Nov;29(3):186-91. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90132612
Alam TM; Joncas JH; Ozanne G; Virology and Immunology Section, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue,; Quebec, Canada.
DNA polymorphisms among independent isolates of herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 were studied from a 7-year-old male patient with recurrent infections of the skin and internal organs. In the patient s serum, HSV antibodies could not be detected by complement fixation, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), or neu
Ollenschlager G; Karner J; Karner-Hanusch J; Jansen S; Schindler J; Roth E; Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Cologne,; Federal Republic of Germany.
Elevated plasma levels of glutamate (GLU) have been reported to occur in patients with malignancies and other immunodeficiency syndromes (IDS). To evaluate, whether GLU is useful as prognostic indicator, the plasma concentrations were determined in patients with colorectal carcinoma (CRC), with breast cancer (BRC), an
Hofmann B; Bygbjerg I; Dickmeiss E; Faber V; Frederiksen B; Gaub J; Gerstoft J; Jakobsen BK; Jakobsen KD; Lindhardt BO; et al; Department of Clinical Immunology, University Hospital,; Copenhagen, Denmark.
The prognostic value of various immunologic tests was investigated in 150 HIV-seropositive homosexual men, who were initially without HIV-related symptoms or AIDS and who were followed for a median of 12 months (range 3-28 months). The laboratory investigations included HIV antigen in serum, total lymphocyte count, T-
Hopewell PC; Chest Service, University of California, San Francisco; 94143-0841.
Current evidence indicates that the length of survival for patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is increasing, thereby affording a greater opportunity for strategies designed to prevent the infectious diseases that mark the syndrome. Because these infections may occur at different stages of immu
Daniel V; Weimer R; Schimpf K; Opelz G; Department of Transplantation Immunology, University of; Heidelberg, FRG.
The presence of IgG, IgM, C3d, or gp120 on the surface of T lymphocytes was analyzed by flow cytometry in blood samples from 73 hemophilia patients and 56 healthy controls. IgG and IgM autoantibodies against CD4+ lymphocytes were found in HIV + patients but not in HIV-patients or healthy controls (p less than 0.001).
van der Poel CL; Lelie PN; Reesink HW; Courouce AM; Cot MC; Exel-Oehlers PJ; Theobalds I; Buitenwerf J; Cameron A; Huisman JG; Red Cross Blood Bank Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
A serum panel obtained from male homosexuals (n = 278); i.v. drug abusers (n = 99), patients attending a VD clinic (n = 390), blood donors who visited Central or West Africa (n = 573), blood donors who had sexual contact with natives from Central or West Africa (n = 38), blood donors from Surinam, South America (n = 4
Phillips A; Lee CA; Elford J; Janossy G; Bofill M; Timms A; Kernoff PB; Department of Clinical Epidemiology and General Practice, Royal; Free Hospital and School of Medicine, London, UK.
Serial CD4 lymphocyte counts were recorded in 112 anti-HIV-positive haemophiliacs who were followed for up to 8 years after seroconversion. The patients remained at low risk of developing AIDS until their CD4 lymphocyte count fell to 0.25 X 10(9)/l. From this point, the risk increased as their count approached zero. U
Tindall B; Hing M; Edwards P; Barnes T; Mackie A; Cooper DA; NHMRC Special Unit in AIDS Epidemiology and Clinical Research,; University of New South Wales, Australia.
Three cases of oesophageal candidiasis in association with primary HIV infection are described. In each case the candidiasis was associated with a decreased number of circulating CD4+ cells and responded well to treatment with ketoconazole. Clinicians should be aware that severe opportunistic infections may develop du
Ninety-four cases with HIV seropositive children who were found in the Hospital Necker Enfants Malades in France from April 1983 till September 1988 due to materno-fetal transmission were surveyed for immunological studies as well as the relationship between clinical symptoms and t
J Med Virol. 1989 Dec;29(4):229-31. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90155246
Hess G; Rossol S; Voth R; Cheatham-Speth D; Clemens R; Meyer zum Buschenfelde KH; I. Medical Department, Johannes-Gutenberg-University, Mainz,; Federal Republic of Germany.
Twenty homosexual men [13 anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive, seven anti-HIV negative] without HBsAg, anti-HBs, and anti-HBc were vaccinated with three 20 micrograms doses of a recombinant hepatitis B vaccine. All anti-HIV-positive homosexuals were nonresponders independent of the initial number of CD4-p
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1989 Dec;5(6):639-46. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90122355
Stein CA; Matsukura M; Subasinghe C; Broder S; Cohen JS; Medicine Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892.
Phosphorothioate homo-oligodeoxynucleotides have recently been found to protect ATH-8 cells against the cytopathic effect of de novo infection by HIV. The effect is dose and chain-length dependent, with a maximum effect seen for 21-28-mers. We have now synthesized a series of phosphorothioate oligomers with mixed-base
Pollock BJ; McKenzie AS; Kemp BE; McPhee DA; D'Apice AJ; Department of Nephrology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria,; Australia.
Human monoclonal antibodies were raised by in vitro immunization of normal human spleen cells with denatured HIV-1 and subsequent fusion to an Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) transformed cell line. Three monoclonals reacted with both gag-encoded p24 core protein and env-encoded gp41 transmembrane glycoprotein. The cross-reac
Hanly SM; Rimsky LT; Malim MH; Kim JH; Hauber J; Duc Dodon M; Le SY; Maizel JV; Cullen BR; Greene WC; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University Medical Center,; Durham, North Carolina 27710.
The Rex proteins of types I and II human T-cell leukemia viruses (HTLV-I, HTLV-II) are required for expression of the viral structural gene products, gag and env and, thus, are essential for the replication of these pathogenic retroviruses. The action of Rex is sequence specific, requiring the presence of a cis-acting
Purcell DF; Deacon NJ; McKenzie IF; Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville,; Vic., Australia.
The CD46 lymphocyte surface antigen of man (until recently called HuLy-m5), and defined by the E4.3 monoclonal antibody (MoAb), shares cross-reactive antigenic epitopes with the envelope gp70 glycoproteins of gibbon ape leukaemia virus (GaLV) and Mason Pfizer monkey virus
J Med Virol. 1989 Nov;29(3):170-5. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90132609
Sundqvist VA; Albert J; Ohlsson E; Hinkula J; Fenyo EM; Wahren B; Department of Virology, National Bacteriological Laboratory,; Stockholm, Sweden.
Two monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) reacting with different epitopes of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 core protein p24 (HIV p24) were used either singly or in combination as tracers in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The culture supernatant of 215 samples of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 112 patie
Heterogeneity of the CD4 antigen epitopes has been occasionally reported in healthy subjects, in patients affected by autoimmune diseases, such as Graves disease and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and recently also in HIV-infected subjects. A 63-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of dyspnea, aut
Res Virol. 1989 Nov-Dec;140(6):551-61. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90139926
Perron H; Geny C; Laurent A; Mouriquand C; Pellat J; Perret J; Seigneurin JM; Laboratoire de Virologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire,; Grenoble, France.
A leptomeningeal cell line (clonal but not immortal) was isolated from lumbar-punctured cerebrospinal fluid in a patient with definite multiple sclerosis (MS). This cell line, named LM7, was characterized by immunocytochemical and ultrastructural analyses and was found to produce specific viral reverse transcriptase a
Gratama JW; Fridell E; Lenkei R; Oosterveer MA; Ljungstrom I; Tanke HJ; Linde A; Department of Immunohematology, University Hospital, Leiden, The; Netherlands.
Increased numbers of peripheral blood HNK1+ lymphocytes have been reported in transplant recipients, hemophilia patients treated with clotting factor concentrates, and HIV carriers. Our previous work has revealed a significant effect of cytomegalovirus (
West Indian Med J. 1989 Sep;38(3):142-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90142812
Addo E; McFarlane H; Parsad K
Twenty patients with Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) received treatment with Inosine Pranobex and specific antibacterial and anti-parasitic therapy. Five died shortly after hospitalization, but a further fifteen who also received ACTH, survived, gained weight and improved clinically, biochemically and haema
Konig H; Behr E; Lower J; Kurth R; Paul Ehrlich Institut, Langen, Federal Republic of Germany.
The reverse transcriptase from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 was purified from the virus to near homogeneity. The enzyme was shown to possess both RNA-dependent and DNA-dependent DNA-synthesizing activity. Activated DNA as a heteropolymeric substrate was used as efficiently as was the homopolymeric substrate pol
Willoughby PB; Midgett JS; Folds JD; Department of Hospital, Laboratories University of North Carolina; Hospitals, Chapel Hill.
Since little information has been reported about the specificity of antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) found in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), 21 CSF and serum specimens were examined from 19 patients with clinical AIDS, AIDS-related complex, or asymptomatic HIV-1 infection. The predominant spec
Re MC; Furlini G; La Placa M; Institute of Microbiology, University of Bologna, Italy.
A mild heat-shock (10 min at 44 degrees C), performed just before seeding on healthy PBL used for co-cultivation, allows the detection of viral markers (p24 core antigen and reverse transcriptase) in a very short time. This suggests that heat-shocked PBL can be employed routinely for the rapid detection of HIV-1 in cl
Nakashima H; Pauwels R; Baba M; Schols D; Desmyter J; De Clercq E; Department of Human Biology, Rega Institute for Medical Research,; Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium.
A modification of the MT-4 cell plaque assay for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is described, which gave reproducible results with all 4 HIV-1 strains and the two HIV-2 strains that were used. The main feature of this new method is the use of a tetrazolium (MTT) staining procedure. The number of plaques read after
Prince HE; Czaplicki CD; American Red Cross Blood Service, Los Angeles/Orange Counties; Region, California 90006.
Recent data from our laboratory showed that the CD4:CD8 cell ratio increased significantly during in vitro culture of unstimulated mononuclear cells (MC) from HIV-infected persons. To test the hypothesis that this increase reflected a decline in CD8 cell levels, changes in CD4 and CD8 cell levels during culture of MC
Yu SH; Deen KC; Lee E; Hennighausen L; Sweet RW; Rosenberg M; Westphal H; Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Child; Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health,; Bethesda, MD 20892.
The soluble form of human CD4, an HIV receptor molecule first detected on the surface of T cells, binds glycoprotein gp120, a coat protein of human immunodeficiency virus, and has potential value for the treatment of AIDS. As a first step toward providing the necessary quantities of this protein at an affordable price
AAOHN J. 1990 Jan;38(1):6-11. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90121377
Harris J
It is inevitable that every workplace will someday be affected by an employee with AIDS or positive HIV. Policy and education should be in place before the first case appears. Most companies do not have AIDS policies or educational programs. Managers and supervisors must have current information and concrete guideline
Stern JC; Lin PT; Lucente FE; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, New York Eye; and Ear Infirmary, New York.
Manifestations of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome are common in the head and neck and are becoming well known to the otolaryngologist. We present a series of seven patients who complained of nasal obstruction and hearing loss and were found, on examination, to have large obstructing nasopharyngeal masses and ot
Blood. 1990 Feb 1;75(3):546-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90123166
Shih JW; Lee HH; Falchek M; Canavaggio M; Jett BW; Allain JP; Alter HJ; Department of Transfusion Medicine, National Institutes of; Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.
Sera from 5,244 blood donations collected between 1979 and 1987 were screened for antibody to HTLV-I with an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) whose result was confirmed with a two-step procedure including Western blot (WB) and radio immunoprecipitation. Of 20 repeatedly reactive samples, two were confirmed positive for HTLV-I
Blood. 1990 Feb 1;75(3):696-703. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90123188
Laurence J; Cooke H; Sikder SK; Laboratory for AIDS Virus Research, New York Hospital, NY.
The protein kinase C (PKC) activator phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) was used to upregulate viral replication in a clone of promonocytic cells chronically infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1. Induction of virus could be inhibited by the triphenylethylene anti-estrogen tamoxifen at concentrations that ha
Cancer. 1990 Feb 1;65(3):590-3. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90124133
Sidi Y; Meytes D; Shohat B; Fenig E; Weisbort Y; Lee H; Pinkhas J; Rosenblatt JD; Department of Medicine, Beilinson Medical Center, Petah Tikva,; Israel.
The clinical and laboratory features of four Israeli patients with adult T-cell lymphoma-leukemia (ATL) are presented. In three of them evidence for human T-cell lymphotropic leukemia virus (HTLV-I) infection was obtained. Interestingly, all of the patients immigrated to Israel from the same regions in
Cancer. 1990 Feb 15;65(4):1028-32. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90124138
Levecq H; Hautefeuille M; Hoang C; Galian A; Hautefeuille P; Rambaud JC; Service de Gastroenterologie, Hopital Saint-Lazare, Paris,; France.
A 73-year-old heterosexual man developed a high-grade non-Hodgkin s lymphoma at the site of an ileostomy only 2 years after proctectomy for undetermined colitis not cured by previous colectomy. In fact, the early occurrence of this usually very late and rare complication of ileosto
Cancer. 1990 Feb 15;65(4):999-1002. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90124166
Rangwala AF; Zinterhofer LJ; Nyi KM; Ferreira PP; Department of Pathology, Monmouth Medical Center, Long Branch,; New Jersey 07740.
Sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy is a benign disorder often characterized by spontaneous remission. Although immunologic abnormalities are common and high Epstein Barr virus titers have been reported, to date no case has been associated with malignant lymphoma. The authors report here the first case of
Broder S; Clinical Oncology Program, National Cancer Institute, National; Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD.
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and its related disorders are caused by a retrovirus termed human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). HIV has nine known genes, and each gene provides a target of opportunity for a therapeutic intervention. Knowledge of the life cycle of this virus has already yielded clinically use
Scannell KA; University of California, San Francisco.
Two cases of focal recurrent Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) associated with pneumothorax occurred in patients with AIDS who had received aerosolized pentamidine therapy. A resected lung specimen from one patient suggested that subpleural cavitary lung destruction by P carinii was pathogenically responsible for t
Kaiser R; Dorries R; ter Meulen J; Kidenya JJ; Pollath M; Fleischer K; ter Meulen V; Institut fur Virologie und Immunbiologie der Universitat; Wurzburg, BRD.
The intrathecal synthesis of antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was determined by 3 different immunoassays in 15 African patients with pre-acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and AIDS. Isoelectric focusing together with affinity-mediated immunoblot were found to be superior to enzyme-linked immunos
Blumenfeld W; Mandrell RE; Jarvis GA; Griffiss JM; Center for Immunochemistry, Veterans Administration Medical; Center, San Francisco, California 94121.
In immunoblotting studies of Pneumocystis carinii surface proteins, we found that a secondary antibody, anti-human immunoglobulin G (IgG), recognized a 52-kilodalton (kDa) band in homogenates of P. carinii purified from human autopsy lungs and bronchoalveolar lavage fluids, even when serum as a source of primary antib
Calubiran OV; Horiuchi J; Klein NC; Cunha BA; Infectious Disease Division, Winthrop-University Hospital,; Mineola, NY 11501.
Listeria monocytogenes bacteremia without meningitis has been reported in patients who have undergone long-term hemodialysis and have transfusional iron overload. On the other hand, cases of Listeria bacteremia without meningitis have occurred sporadically among the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome population, mostl
Health Care Women Int. 1990;11(1):33-42. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90130058
Fletcher SH
This article focuses on HIV infection, HIV problems that are female specific (in the biological, psychological, and sociological spheres), a national and international perspective on HIV infection, and the challenges facing women as women at risk for HIV infection, including childbearing and childrearing. The article
Chavanet PY; Bailly F; Mousson C; Waldner-Combernoux A; Lokiec F; Rebibou JM; Chalopin JM; Portier H; Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Hopital du; Bocage, Dijon, France.
During experimental treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) infection using high doses of acyclovir (ACV) (600 mg IV every 8 h), cyclosporin, and several courses of plasmapheresis (PE) (60 ml/kg), ACV pharmacokinetics in three patients have been measured. The results w
Jackson JB; Kwok SY; Sninsky JJ; Hopsicker JS; Sannerud KJ; Rhame FS; Henry K; Simpson M; Balfour HH Jr; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of; Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis 55455.
Between February 1987 and October 1988, peripheral mononuclear blood cells (PBMC) from 409 adult individuals antibody positive by Western (immuno-)blot for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) (56 acquired immunodeficiency syndrome [AIDS] patients, 88 patients with AIDS-related complex, and 265 asymptomatic ind
Allegra CJ; Boarman D; Kovacs JA; Morrison P; Beaver J; Chabner BA; Masur H; Medicine Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes; of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.
Toxoplasma gondii is a common protozoan disease that often causes life-threatening disease, particularly among patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. This study demonstrates that the dihydropteroate synthase in T. gondii is kinetically distinct from the enzyme characterized from other sources and can be
Munis JR; Richman DD; Kornbluth RS; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego.
The synthesis of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)/cachectin was assessed in primary monocyte-derived macrophage (MDM) cultures after in vitro infection with a macrophage-tropic strain of HIV-1 (HTLV-IIIBa-L/85). Productive and cytopathic infections in MDM cultures were established using a high multiplicity of infection (m.
Fishman EK; Magid D; Kuhlman JE; Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological; Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD.
Patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) are subject to a variety of infections, including Mycobacteria avium intracellulare, cytomegalovirus , Cryptosporidium, and Pneumocystis carinii. Pneumocystis is most commonly associated with a potentially fatal pneumonia in AI
Feuerstein IM; Francis P; Raffeld M; Pluda J; Diagnostic Radiology Department, Warren G. Magnuson Clinical; Center, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health,; Bethesda, MD 20892.
A case of disseminated Pneumocystis carinii infection is presented. Calcifications of similar character were found by CT in the lymph nodes, spleen, liver, and kidneys. Biopsy of a calcified axillary lymph node demonstrated necrotizing granulomatous lymphadenitis, with Pneumocystis organisms and dystrophic calcificati
Cho KC; Lucak SL; Delany HM; Morehouse HT; Jennings TA; Department of Radiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine,; Bronx, NY 10461.
We report a case of a tuberculous pancreatic abscess in a 47-year-old human immunodeficiency virus positive intravenous drug abuser. She had a prolonged febrile course and persistent abdominal pain. On CT and sonography the lesion lacked the usual ancillary features of an abscess such as diffuse pancreatic enlargement
Meyers SA; Kuhlman JE; Fishman EK; Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological; Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD.
A case is presented of painful lytic bone lesions of the spine and pelvis as a manifestation of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related Kaposi sarcoma (KS). Though KS is the most common AIDS-related neoplasm and may involve many organs, radiographic demonstration of bone involvement has not been previously
Barakos JA; Mark AS; Dillon WP; Norman D; Department of Neuroradiology, University of California, San; Francisco Medical Center 94143-0628.
Acute transverse myelitis (ATM) is a well recognized clinical entity, though its etiology remains obscure. Only a few reports of magnetic resonance imaging of ATM appear in the literature. These reports describe conflicting findings with respect to the signal intensity of the spinal cord on long repetition time (TR) s
Im JG; Kim JH; Han MC; Kim CW; Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Seoul National University; Hospital, Korea.
The CT findings are described in five patients with esophagomediastinal fistula due to tuberculous lymphadenitis. In all five patients periesophageal amorphous gas collections were found along with enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes. In four patients esophagograms demonstrated the fistulas. All fistulas closed with anti
Hazelkorn HM; School of Public Health, University of Illinois, Chicago 60680.
This study examined dentists knowledge of infection control, what dentists say they do to control infection, and what procedures they actually take to prevent the transmission of disease. A professional actor, obviously in need of dental care and playing the part of a patient, was sent to three groups of randomly sel
Thurman QC; Franklin KM; Washington State University, Pullman.
We performed secondary analyses on data originally collected by telephone from a random sample of 294 undergraduates from a large northeastern university to examine students knowledge about acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and the students reactions to the health threat posed by human immunodeficiency virus
The reactive or virus-associated haemophagocytic syndrome (RHS) has been described in association with several different infections and is regarded as clinically and pathologically distinct from malignant histiocytosis. A case is described of this syndrome in a 30-year-old HIV-antibody positive homosexual male who pre
Ljunggren K; Moschese V; Broliden PA; Giaquinto C; Quinti I; Fenyo EM; Wahren B; Rossi P; Jondal M; Department of Immunology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm,; Sweden.
In children born to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected mothers, factors that determine disease outcome and progression are unclear. Also, early diagnosis is hampered by maternally transferred antibodies. Children aged 0-24 months were retrospectively divided into two groups based on HIV seroreactivity or nonr
Peglow SL; Smulian AG; Linke MJ; Pogue CL; Nurre S; Crisler J; Phair J; Gold JW; Armstrong D; Walzer PD; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College; of Medicine, Ohio.
Serum antibodies to human Pneumocystis carinii antigens were measured in greater than 400 specimens from different population groups by the immunoblotting technique. Serologic responses varied during the first 2 years of life, but in children greater than or equal to 2 1/2 years and in adults antibodies to a 40-kDa ba
Land S; Terloar G; McPhee D; Birch C; Doherty R; Cooper D; Gust I; Virology Department, Fairfield Hospital, Victoria, Australia.
This study tested isolates of human immunodeficiency virus, obtained before and after zidovudine therapy from 10 patients, for susceptibility to the drug in vitro. The isolates collected after therapy were less susceptible to zidovudine as assessed by replication in MT-2 cells and production of reverse transcriptase a
Schlumpberger JM; Murray J; Division of Family Medicine, UCLA Center for the Health Sciences.
The results of a study of screening recommendations for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) by family physicians are reported. Of 209 family practice residents and clinical faculty from the four UCLA-affiliated family practice residency programs surveyed, 110 (53%) responded. Each physician was presented with an identi
Moizuddin SP; Broadlawns Medical Center, De Moines, Iowa.
A case control intervention study was conducted on STD clinic patients to evaluate the effectiveness of videotape education about AIDS. A questionnaire containing 20 true or false type questions was administered to 50 study group participants before and after display of the videotape and to 50 control group participan
Beaver BL; Hill JL; Vachon DA; Moore VL; Hines SE; Seiden SW; Stone M; Hutton N; Johnson JP; University of Maryland, Department of Surgery, Baltimore.
Twenty-one children with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection required surgical intervention during the course of their disease. There were 11 females and 10 males (age range, 3 months to 6 years). The children underwent 54 operative procedures after diagnosis of their disease. These included placement of cent
J Med Chem. 1990 Feb;33(2):845-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90133794
Hiebl J; Zbiral E; Balzarini J; De Clercq E; Institut fur Organische Chemie der Universitat Wien, Austria.
The silylated AzddThd 5 and AzddUrd 6 prepared from 2,3 -anhydronucleoside derivatives 3 and 4 were transformed to formamides 7 and 8 by using the sequence RN3----RN = P(C6H5)----RNHCHO. Formamides 7 and 8 were dehydrated to the protected 3 -isocyano derivatives 9 and 10; deblocking gave 11 and 12. Neither 3 -isocyano
J Med Chem. 1990 Feb;33(2):868-73. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90133798
Wigerinck P; Van Aerschot A; Janssen G; Claes P; Balzarini J; De Clercq E; Herdewijn P; Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit; Leuven, Belgium.
Various 3 -deoxythymidine analogues with an heterocyclic five-membered ring in the 3 -erythro position have been synthesized. The pyrrol-1-yl (3) and the 1,2,4-triazol-4-yl (5) compounds were synthesized from 1-(3-amino-2,3-dideoxy-beta-D-erythro-pentofuranosyl)thymine. The pyrazol-1-yl (16a), imidazol-1-yl (16b), and
Bron C; Gremillet P; Launay D; Jourlin M; Gautschi HP; Bachi T; Schupbach J; Swiss National Centre for Retroviruses, Zurich, Switzerland.
The digital processing of serial electron-microscope sections containing laser-induced topographical references allows a three-dimensional (3-D) reconstruction of entire cells at a depth resolution of 40-60 nm by the use of novel image analysis methods. The images are directly processed by a video-camera placed under
JAMA. 1990 Feb 16;263(7):973-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90134163
Vitting KE; Gardenswartz MH; Zabetakis PM; Tapper ML; Gleim GW; Agrawal M; Michelis MF; Department of Medicine, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, NY 10021.
The frequency and pathophysiology of hyponatremia were studied in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Of 71 hospitalized patients surveyed retrospectively, hyponatremia was observed in 37 (52%). Of 48 patients studied prospectively, 27 (56%) were hyponatremic. In 16 hyponatremic patients, volume status; serum and
Lawrance L; Levy SR; Rubinson L; Dept. of Public Health Education, University of North Carolina,; Greensboro 27412.
AIDS education, the only immediate solution to containment of AIDS, encourages active risk reduction among high-risk populations. Self-efficacy is a construct that can measure the likelihood preventive behaviors will be performed, and thus could be applied to identify specific areas where AIDS education should be augm
Med J Aust. 1990 Feb 19;152(4):174-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90136282
Grove DI; Mulligan JB; Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA.
A survey was undertaken of all of the consultant staff members of Perth s major teaching hospitals together with all the fellows of The Royal Australian College of General Practitioners in Western Australia in order to define their views on the issues of informed consent, compulsion in relation to surgery, and confide
The complicated clinical picture presented by people with AIDS is often exacerbated by compromised nutritional status. Oral and esophageal pain, diarrhea, malabsorption, and weight loss frustrate efforts to achieve or maintain adequate nutrition. It is, therefore, an important and challenging responsibility for nurses
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Jan;87(2):648-52. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90138886
Earl PL; Doms RW; Moss B; Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and; Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; 20892.
The envelope (env) glycoprotein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) consists of two noncovalently associated subunits, gp120 and gp41, that are formed gradient sedimentation, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, gradient sedimentation, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and chemical cross-linking, we show t
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Jan;87(2):782-5. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90138911
Poli G; Kinter A; Justement JS; Kehrl JH; Bressler P; Stanley S; Fauci AS; Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and; Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; 20892.
Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) is an immunoregulatory cytokine capable of inducing viral expression in cells chronically infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), such as the promonocytic line U1 and the T-lymphocytic line ACH-2. In the present study, we demonstrate an autocrine mechanism of TNF-a
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Feb;87(3):1071-5. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90138939
Tanaka A; Takahashi C; Yamaoka S; Nosaka T; Maki M; Hatanaka M; Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Japan.
Human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) is a causative agent of adult T-cell leukemia (ATL). To elucidate the role of HTLV-I in leukemogenesis, we examined the biological activity of a defective HTLV-I provirus with the env-pX 3 long terminal repeat region cloned from leukemic cells of an ATL patient. Transfectio
Golbeck AL; Molgaard CA; Department of Mathematical Sciences, College of Sciences, San; Diego State University, California 92182.
Quantification of sample size requirements for two common models of the RRT as compared to conventional survey techniques demonstrates that Campbell is fundamentally correct. However, the absolute increase in sample size necessitated by either model of the RRT is not of such a magnitude as to make use of the method al
Klimas NG; Morgan R; Blaney NT; Chitwood D; Page JB; Milles K; Fletcher MA; Center for the Biopsychosocial Study of AIDS, University of Miami; School of Medicine, Florida.
Trocki K; Alcohol Research Group, Medical Research Institute of San; Francisco, Berkeley, CA 94609.
This preliminary analysis has shown that there is a considerable amount of sexual risk taking among what is largely a heterosexual population. Although it is not likely that people will faithfully use condoms with regular or main partners, only a few people use them with new or occasional partners. The fact that 20 pe
Johannet C; Muskin PR; New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia-Presbyterian; Medical Center, New York, NY 10032.
A retrospective chart review of 127 patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) was undertaken to determine the rate of requests for psychiatric consultation. Thirty-six patients (28.3%) had received psychiatric consultations. This is similar to the rate of consultations seen in other studies. Patients wh
Rev Prat. 1990 Jan 11;40(2):106-12. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90140313
Brossard Y; Ciraru-Vigneron N; Centre d'hemobiologie perinatale, Paris.
With 6,409 cases of AIDS recorded as at 31st March 1989, 130 of which were due to mother-to-foetus transmission, France is the European country most affected with HIV1 infection. From the results of a recent survey involving 40 p. 100 of all women who gave birth in continental Fran
Rev Prat. 1990 Jan 11;40(2):113-6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90140314
Berrebi A; Puel J; Tricoire J; Herne P; Kobuch WE; Service de gynecologie-obstetrique, CHU La Grave, Toulouse.
In an attempt to evaluate the effects of pregnancy on HIV infection, the authors have studied the natural course of the disease in 128 female patients. A group of 64 pregnant women who were HIV seropositive and asymptomatic at the beginning of their survival was studied during childbearing and for three years thereaft
Rev Prat. 1990 Jan 11;40(2):117-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90140315
Gillet JY; Bongain A; Abrar D; Bourrier T; Mariani R; Service de gynecologie-obstetrique et de medecine de la; reproduction du centre hospitalier universitaire de Nice,; hopital Saint-Roch.
The various ways in which infants may be contaminated with HIV are described. Transmission by blood perfusion persists in only some countries where HIV detection in blood products is not performed and sterilization is doubtful. Transplacental contamination is well documented by the finding of HIV in various foetal tis
Rev Prat. 1990 Jan 11;40(2):120-3. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90140316
Tricoire J; Robert A; Service de medecine infantile B, hopital de Purpan, Toulouse.
Human immunodeficiency virus infection is specific in children and related to their immune system. Recurrent bacterial and viral infections precede opportunistic infections. They are associated with non-specific manifestations (e.g. lymphadenopathy) and frequently reveal the HIV infection. Acute or chronic interstitia
Rev Prat. 1990 Jan 11;40(2):124-6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90140317
Blanche S; Hopital Necker, service d'immunologie et d'hematologie, Paris.
The natural history of HIV-1 infection in children has not yet been determined precisely. Contrary to what is observed in adults, the disease seems to follow a bimodal course. One-quarter to one-third of infected children develop, before the end of their first year of life, a deep immunodeficiency which is responsible
Rev Prat. 1990 Jan 11;40(2):127-30. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90140318
Blanc B; Boubli L; Cohen M; Service de gynecologie obstetrique B, hopital de la; Conception, Marseille.
The population of HIV seropositive women of child-bearing age is increasing regularly. Termination of pregnancy must be offered to pregnant women during the first trimester. When HIV is detected during the last trimester, vaginal delivery must be accepted. Pregnancy does not seen to worsen the prognosis in HIV positiv
Rev Prat. 1990 Jan 11;40(2):99-103. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90140329
Barin F; Rouzioux C; Laboratoire de virologie, CHRU Bretonneau, Paris.
The virological diagnosis of HIV infection in pregnant women mainly consists of detecting antibodies to structural viral antigens. The difficulty lies more in the interpretation of the confirmatory assay than in technical problems. The result is critical since the continuation or interruption of pregnancy is dependent
Science. 1990 Feb 2;247(4942):534-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90140718
Fuchs VR; Department of Economics, Stanford University, CA 94305.
Between 1947 and 1987 expenditures for health care in the United States grew 2.5 percent per annum faster than expenditures for other goods and services. The health sector s share of the gross national product rose from well under 5 percent in the late 1940s to more than 11 percent in
Science. 1990 Feb 2;247(4942):564-6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90140722
McCune JM; Namikawa R; Shih CC; Rabin L; Kaneshima H; HIV Group, SyStemix, Palo Alto, CA 94303.
The SCID-hu mouse, engrafted with human hematolymphoid organs, is permissive for infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This mouse model was used to test compounds for antiviral efficacy. Two weeks after infection with HIV, 100 percent (40/40) of SCID-hu mice were positive for HIV by the polymerase cha
South Med J. 1990 Jan;83(1):23-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90140806
Manian FA; Rinke D; Division of Infectious Disease, St. John's Mercy Medical Center,; St. Louis, MO 63141.
We retrospectively reviewed the charts of 190 hospitalized patients who had human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody testing at our medical center in 1986 and 1987. From 1986 to 1987, HIV antibody testing increased fourfold based on total hospital discharges. Nine patients (5%) tested positive by enzyme immunoassay
South Med J. 1990 Jan;83(1):73-4. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90140822
Manser TJ; Warner JF; Department of Internal Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School,; Norfolk.
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome occurred in a patient with AIDS being treated with prochlorperazine. We believe this to be the first report of this association. Recognition and specific treatment were delayed in part because of overlap in signs and symptoms of the underlying infectious process. The true incidence of pr
Mangos JA; Doran T; Aranda-Naranjo B; Rodriguez-Escobar Y; Scott A; South Texas Children's AIDS Center, Department of Pediatrics,; University of Texas Health Science Center,, San Antonio; 78284-7802.
The treatment of pediatric patients with HIV infection/AIDS is structured according to the clinical classification of the disease by the Centers for Disease Control; it involves prophylaxis, therapy against the human immunodeficiency virus, and therapy for the opportunistic infections and non-infectious complications
Detection of HIV-1 provirus in HIV-1 seronegative individuals at risk has been described in several recent reports. Some of these sero-negative individuals remain so for prolonged periods, maybe for the rest of their lives. We do not know the significance of this finding and how it relates to pathogenesis and infectio
Ugeskr Laeger. 1990 Jan 22;152(4):235-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90142199
Nielsen MB; Hansen K; Nielsen BB
The changes in young men s knowledge about AIDS were investigated in January 1989 by means of questionnaires, and compared with a similar investigation in June 1987. The answers to the questionnaires were voluntary and anonymous. Three hundred and six persons took part in the 1989-investigation. The investigation show
Ugeskr Laeger. 1990 Jan 22;152(4):237-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90142200
Misfeldt JC; Werdelin L; Senderovitz F; Melbye M; Olsen J; Landsforeningen til Kraeftens Bekaempelse, Cancerregisteret,; Kobenhavn.
A questionnaire investigation was undertaken among young Greenlanders in vocational training about their knowledge of AIDS and their sexual habits as a link in monitoring of the course of AIDS prophylaxis in Greenland. The investigation was anonymous and was carried out in the vocational colleges with assistance of a
Ioachim HL; Cronin W; Roy M; Maya M; Department of Pathology, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, New York; 10021.
Clinicopathologic correlations were explored in 79 patients at high risk for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection who had lymph node biopsy for persistent lymphadenopathies and were followed for intervals of up to 7.2 years. Three histologic patterns, follicular hyperplasia with cytolysis (A), follicular invol
Am J Epidemiol. 1990 Mar;131(3):395-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90144665
Chavance M; Frery N; Valette I; Schaffar-Deshayes L; Monplaisir N; INSERM U169, Villejuif, France.
The prevalence of human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) infection is higher for females than for males. Blood transfusion is a potential confounding factor which might contribute to this high female:male ratio. Two studies were performed in
Am J Hematol. 1990 Mar;33(3):177-83. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90144705
Herzlich BC; Ranginwala M; Nawabi I; Herbert V; Department of Medicine, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY; 11219.
The effect of azidothymidine (Zidovudine, AZT ) on pyrimidine (thymidine, deoxyuridine, and thymidine triphosphate) incorporation into DNA in folate- and/or vitamin B12-deficient and normal human bone marrow cells was studied to investigate whether suc
Am J Med. 1990 Feb;88(2):180-3. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90144802
Milam MW; Balerdi MJ; Toney JF; Foulis PR; Milam CP; Behnke RH; Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida; College of Medicine, Tampa 33612.
Minkoff HL; Willoughby A; Mendez H; Moroso G; Holman S; Goedert JJ; Landesman SH; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, SUNY-Health Science; Center, Brooklyn 11203-2098.
Fifty-six human immunodeficiency virus seropositive-women and 76 human immunodeficiency virus seronegative-women had known CD4 cell values and were followed up throughout pregnancy. The women with seronegative results and the 40 with seropositive results and CD4 (helper cell) counts consistently greater than 300 cells
Am J Ophthalmol. 1990 Feb 15;109(2):153-61. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90144932
Engstrom RE Jr; Holland GN; Hardy WD; Meiselman HJ; Jules Stein Eye Institute, UCLA Medical Center 90024-1771.
The severity of conjunctival microvascular changes and the presence of cotton-wool spots were compared to factors that may affect blood flow (hematocrit level, red cell aggregation, fibrinogen level, plasma viscosity, circulating immune complexes, and quantitative immunoglobulin levels) in 22 human immunodeficiency vi
Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1990 Jan;42(1):83-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90145350
Conlon CP; Pinching AJ; Perera CU; Moody A; Luo NP; Lucas SB; University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia.
To investigate the etiology of chronic diarrhea associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in Lusaka, we studied 63 HIV-positive patients and 36 seronegative controls clinically and endoscopically. Stools were studied for morphology and for opportunist infections. Fifty-five percent of patients serop
Ann Emerg Med. 1990 Feb;19(2):151-6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90145703
Ornato JP; Hallagan LF; McMahan SB; Peeples EH; Rostafinski AG; Department of Internal Medicine, Medical College of Virginia,; Richmond 23298.
We surveyed 5,823 American Heart Association Virginia Affiliate basic cardiac life support (BCLS) instructors to assess the impact that the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic has had on their attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors with respect to the training and performance of mouth-to-mouth (MTM) ventilat
Cleary KR; Batsakis JG; Division of Pathology, University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer; Center, Houston 77030.
Lymphoepithelial cysts of the parotid gland and its lymph nodes have been known for nearly 100 years, but only in the past half-decade have they gained clinical prominence, if not significance. The lymphoepithelial cysts can now be added to the growing list of clinicopathologic manifestations of human immunodeficiency
Pasi KJ; Collins MA; Ewer AK; Hill FG; Department of Haematology, Children's Hospital, Birmingham.
Although failure to thrive has been documented as a major problem in babies with congenital HIV infection, there is little information on whether HIV affects growth in older children who become infected with HIV. The growth of 27 haemophilic boys, in whom HIV seroconversion was recorded between 1981 and 1986, has been
Prego V; Glatt AE; Roy V; Thelmo W; Dincsoy H; Raufman JP; Department of Medicine, State University of New York-Health; Science Center, Brooklyn 11203.
The diagnostic yield of mycobacterial blood cultures, bone marrow biopsy, and liver biopsy for determining the cause of unexplained fever was compared prospectively in eight men and four women with serologic evidence of human immunodeficiency virus infection and fever of undetermined origin. Mycobacterial infection wa
Fried JC; LoPresti JS; Micon M; Bauer M; Tuchschmidt JA; Nicoloff JT; Section of Pulmonary/Critical Care Medicine, University of; Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles 90033.
A feasibility study was undertaken prospectively to identify early clinical and laboratory factors predictive of acute hospital mortality in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and concurrent Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Twenty-six patients hospitalized with bronchoscopy-proved P carinii pneumonia
Rossi JF; Eledjam JJ; Delage A; Bengler C; Schved JF; Bonnafoux J; Centre Regional de Lutte contre le Cancer, Montpellier, France.
Pneumocystis carinii (PC) pneumonia was reported with increased frequency in patients presenting with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or in patients receiving immunosuppressive chemotherapy for hemopathies. Extrapulmonary dissemination of PC is rare. In this study, three patients had PC infection of the bone
McNutt NS; Smoller BR; Kline M; Cohen SR; Hsu A; Saltz L; Cash K; Safai B; Department of Pathology, New York Hospital-Cornell University; Medical Center, NY.
We describe two patients who presented with vasculitic, ulcerative skin lesions that had the histologic features of lymphomatoid granulomatosis or angiocentric T-cell lymphoma. These patients were found to have antibodies to human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I.
Friedland RP; May C; Dahlberg J; Section on Brain Aging and Dementia, National Institute on Aging,; National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20891.
To evaluate the possible role of lentiviruses in Alzheimer s disease we searched for cross-reactive antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus type 1, caprine arthritis encephalitis virus, and equine infectious anemia virus in Alzheimer s disease, Down s syndrome, and related dementing illnesses in serum samples and c
Biochem J. 1990 Jan 15;265(2):547-54. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90147621
Korner M; Bellan AH; Brini AT; Farrar WL; BCDP, Program Resources, Inc., NCI--Frederick Cancer Research; Facility, MD.
The transcription of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is under the control of cellular proteins that bind to the viral long terminal repeat (LTR). Among the protein-binding regions of the HIV-1 LTR is the transcription-enhancer region. We show that at least one inducible, C1, and one constitutive, C2, p
Howlett WP; Brubaker GR; Mlingi N; Rosling H; Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania.
An epidemic of spastic paraparesis was studied in a drought-affected rural area of Tarime district in northern Tanzania . The uniform clinical findings in 39 cases, aged 4-46 yrs, indicated abrupt symmetric isolated and permanent but not progressive damage to the upper motor neuro
Ollenschlager G; Langer K; Steffen HM; Schrappe-Bacher M; Schmitt H; Allolio B; Roth E; Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Cologne, F.R.G.
We report for the first time the concentrations of free amino acids in human intestinal biopsies obtained by routinely performed endoscopy. We studied 15 medical patients with no changes of the mucosa and six HIV-infected persons with duodenitis. The mean (and SD) sum of all amino acids, taurine excepted, was 61.9 (5.
Naess A; Flo RW; Solberg CO; Medical Department B, Haukeland Hospital, University of Bergen,; Norway.
Incubation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) in fusidic acid resulted in a decrease of random migration and chemiluminescence. The effects were dose-dependent but moderate, with statistical significance only at concentrations of 50 mg/l or more. At concentrations used for therapy of bacterial infections and AIDS,
Hosp Community Psychiatry. 1990 Feb;41(2):163-6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90152601
Cournos F; Empfield M; Horwath E; Schrage H; Washington Heights Community Service, New York State Psychiatric; Institute, New York City 10032.
Issues facing state psychiatric hospitals as a result of the epidemic of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are illustrated by five cases. These issues include use of universal precautions to prevent transmission of HIV, medical diagnosis and management of HIV-infected patients, management of threatening behavior by i
Int J Cancer. 1990 Feb 15;45(2):237-43. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90152922
Tajima K; Division of Epidemiology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute,; Nagoya, Japan.
To estimate the annual incidence of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) by district in Japan , a large-scale nationwide survey of ATL and of non-Hodgkin s lymphoma was performed in 1988. Questionnaires for the registration of ATL and of T-cell an
Int J Cardiol. 1990 Feb;26(2):223-5. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90152966
Dalli E; Quesada A; Paya R; Servicio de Cardiologia, Hospital General, Valencia, Spain.
Non-Hodgkin s lymphomas are frequent in patients with human immune deficiency virus positive antibodies. Exceptional instances of cardiac involvement have been described. We report a case of non-Hodgkin s lymphoma and massive cardiac involvement with antemortem echocardiographic as
Greenberg RG; Berger TG; Department of Dermatology, University of California, San; Francisco.
Hyperpigmentation developed in six patients while they were receiving azidothymidine. All demonstrated hyperpigmentation of the nails; hyperpigmentation of the skin (two patients) and oral mucosa (two patients) also developed. The degree of nail pigmentation was related to the intrinsic skin color of the patient. Muco
Wright DN; Nelson RP Jr; Ledford DK; Fernandez-Caldas E; Trudeau WL; Lockey RF; Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida; College of Medicine, Tampa.
Human immunodeficiency virus infection is characterized by a progressive depletion of helper T-lymphocytes and, like allergic diseases, is associated with altered T cell regulation. Total serum IgE was measured in 67 infected male subjects, 27 uninfected heterosexual male subjects, and 18 uninfected homosexual male su
When older adults are admitted to the hospital, they are usually admitted with multiple diagnoses and are not usually considered to be at risk for HIV infection. The review of hospital records discussed in this article documents that people over 60 years of age are indeed infected with HIV and that 42% of the populati
J Immunol. 1990 Feb 15;144(4):1257-62. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90154795
Kim YW; Fung MS; Sun NC; Sun CR; Chang NT; Chang TW; Tanox Biosystems, Inc., Houston, TX 77025.
Two murine monoclonal antibodies, G3.519, recognizing the CD4-binding region, and BAT123, a variable region of gp120 of human immunodeficiency virus, were chemically coupled to pokeweed antiviral protein isolated from seeds (PAP-S). The immunoconjugates were purified by Sephacryl S-200 gel filtration and Mono S ion ex
Ghetie V; Till MA; Ghetie MA; Uhr JW; Vitetta ES; Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern; Medical Center, Dallas 75235.
A method for the preparation and purification of large amounts (grams) of a conjugate containing recombinant CD4 antigen (rCD4) and chemically deglycosylated ricin A chain (dgA) is described. The cross-linking of rCD4 and dgA molecules was accomplished with N-succinimidyl-oxycarbonyl-alpha-methyl-(2-pyridyldithio)tolu
J Med Virol. 1990 Jan;30(1):53-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90155274
Paterlini P; Lallemant-Le Coeur S; Lallemant M; M'Pele P; Dazza MC; Terre S; Moncany M; Jourdain G; Courgnaud V; N'Zingoula S; et al; INSERM U 75, Unite d'Hepatologie CHU Laennec & Necker, Paris,; France.
The feasibility and implications of the use of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay in studies of HIV1 mother to child transmission in Africa were investigated. Uncultured leukocyte blood cells (PBL) obtained in Brazzaville (Congo) from newborns and infants (mean age = 27 weeks) of infected mothers were tested. H
Kayembe K; Goubau P; Desmyter J; Vlietinck R; Carton H; Centre Neuropsychopathologique, University of Kinshasa, Zaire.
In Lisala, Equateur province, Zaire , 25 patients from 21 pedigrees were identified with human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) associated tropical spastic paraparesis (TSP). In the 10 (48%) pedigrees with additional genuine TSP cases established mainly by history, seven of 10
Feldmann TB; Bell RA; Purifoy FE; Stephenson JJ; Schweinhart A; Grissom S; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of; Louisville School of Medicine, KY 40292.
Dealing with AIDS in the workplace is complicated by a variety of complex issues. One factor influencing how AIDS is dealt with is the difference in knowledge and attitudes between supervisory and nonsupervisory personnel. We surveyed 3834 supervisory and nonsupervisory personnel from a number of businesses and corpor
Ardman B; Kowalski M; Bristol J; Haseltine W; Sodroski J; Department of Medicine, New England Medical Center Hospital,; Boston, MA 02111.
Antisera to peptides that represent regions within the fourth and fifth conserved domains of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) gp120 were tested for recognition of the gp120 glycoprotein and for the ability to interfere with gp120 binding to the CD4 receptor molecule. Antisera to both peptides contained
Renzullo PO; McNeil JG; Levin LI; Bunin JR; Brundage JF; Department of Epidemiology, Walter Reed Army Institute of; Research, Washington, D.C. 20307-5100.
A large proportion of human immunodeficiency virus antibody (HIV-Ab) positive male soldiers are considered to be at no identified risk (NIR) because they do not disclose histories of sexual activity with other men, intravenous drug use, blood transfusions, or sexual activity with persons at known high risk for HIV inf
Casabona J; Bosch A; Salas T; Sanchez E; Segura A; AIDS Prevention and Control Program, Generalitat de Catalunya,; Barcelona, Spain.
In this article, we evaluate the effect of the 1987 revised CDC AIDS definition on the AIDS epidemiological surveillance in Catalonia. From data collected in our population-based registry, we observed a 1.3- and a 1.6-fold increase in AIDS prevalence and incidence rates, respectively. In our setting, the new criteria
Singh YN; Malaviya AN; Tripathy SP; Chaudhuri K; Bhargava NC; Khare SD; Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences,; New Delhi.
Screening of 701 prostitutes in Delhi for HIV antibodies by a competitive ELISA test and supplementary Western blot test showed that only one of them was infected. Of the 4,572 samples from the patients attending a sexually transmitted disease clinic in Delhi, none showed evidence of HIV infection. In contrast to this
J Am Podiatr Med Assoc. 1990 Jan;80(1):15-20. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90155860
Burns S; Department of Podiatric Medicine, California College of Podiatric; Medicine, San Francisco.
Dermatologic, vascular, neurologic, and musculoskeletal complications are common among persons with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). These manifestations frequently involve the lower extremities and may be the initial presenting symptoms of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. It is important that p
J Am Podiatr Med Assoc. 1990 Jan;80(1):21-5. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90155861
Newlin B; AIDS Clinic, University of California San Francisco Medical; Center 94143.
Although significant advances have been made in the treatment of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), neither a curative therapy nor a vaccine is available. Protecting practitioners, medical staff members, and patients from infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) remains a particularly important issue.
J Am Podiatr Med Assoc. 1990 Jan;80(1):26-30. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90155862
Lo B; Division of General Internal Medicine, University of California,; San Francisco.
As the AIDS epidemic continues to claim lives, the issues of testing, confidentiality, and refusal to care for seropositive patients generate increasing debate and concern among health care workers, legislators, and the general public. Protecting the uninfected from exposure to HIV, providing adequate medical care and
J Am Podiatr Med Assoc. 1990 Jan;80(1):3-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90155863
Becker SL; Department of Medicine, California College of Podiatric Medicine,; San Francisco 94115.
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a retrovirus that can be transmitted through sexual activity, blood products, and perinatal exposure. The virus is composed of core, transmembrane, and envelope proteins. Cells of the immune system are the primary target of HIV, and destruction of the immune response is characteri
J Am Podiatr Med Assoc. 1990 Jan;80(1):31-5. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90155864
Holmes CA; AIDS Education Project, California College of Podiatric Medicine,; San Francisco 94115.
An important component in the development of any educational program is the evaluation of its effectiveness. The program described in this article was designed in such a way that its impact on practitioners knowledge, attitudes, and clinical practices regarding human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) could be evaluated. O
J Am Podiatr Med Assoc. 1990 Jan;80(1):9-14. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90155869
Gordon S; Pacific Presbyterian Medical Center, San Francisco, CA.
With the discovery of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), researchers identified the etiologic agent for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Although neither a cure nor a vaccine exists for this fatal disease, considerable information is now available on the progression from HIV infection through AIDS. Understa
Green ST; Nathwani D; Christie PR; Goldberg DJ; Kennedy DH; Love WC; Department of Infection and Tropical Medicine, Ruchill Hospital,; Glasgow.
The viability of a programme for delivering aerosolized pentamidine within the patient s home setting for the secondary prophylaxis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) has been explored with seven homosexual AIDS patients, the major objectives being the assessment of the safety and acceptability of the treatment a
Johnson PR; Fomsgaard A; Allan J; Gravell M; London WT; Olmsted RA; Hirsch VM; Department of Microbiology, Georgetown University, Rockville,; Maryland 20852.
African green monkeys are asymptomatic carriers of simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIV), commonly called SIVagm. As many as 50% of African green monkeys in the wild may be SIV seropositive. This high seroprevalence rate and the potential for genetic variation of lentiviruses suggested to us that African green monkeys
De Leys R; Vanderborght B; Vanden Haesevelde M; Heyndrickx L; van Geel A; Wauters C; Bernaerts R; Saman E; Nijs P; Willems B; et al; Innogenetics N.V., Antwerp, Belgium.
An unusual human retrovirus was isolated from two patients with persistent generalized lymphadenopathy who originate from West-Central Africa and are currently residing in Belgium . Although the virus shared a number of the same biological and morphological properties as human immu
Poteat HT; Chen FY; Kadison P; Sodroski JG; Haseltine WA; Department of Cancer Biology, Harvard School of Public Health,; Boston, Massachusetts.
The long terminal repeat (LTR) of the human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) contains an imperfect repeat of 21 nucleotides which governs the response to the virus trans-activator protein tax and to cyclic AMP. In a murine thymocyte cell line defective in the catalytic subunit of protein kinase A, the response of
Daenke S; Nightingale S; Cruickshank JK; Bangham CR; Institute for Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital,; Oxford, United Kingdom.
We have amplified and sequenced DNA in the envelope (env) and long terminal repeat (LTR) regions of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) proviruses from the peripheral blood of 10 HTLV-I-seropositive patients with tropical spastic paraparesis (TSP) and two patients with adult T-cell leukemia. The aim was to
Li XL; Moudgil T; Vinters HV; Ho DD; Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center and UCLA; School of Medicine 90048.
One neuronal cell line (SK-N-MC) was found to be susceptible to productive infection by multiple isolates of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Characterization of SK-N-MC cells showed that these cells are neuroectodermal in origin in that they express dopamine hydroxylase, catecholamines, neuron-specifi
Barone R; Ficarra G; Gaglioti D; Orsi A; Mazzotta F; Division of Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Florence, Italy.
To study the prevalence of oral manifestations, we examined 217 patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Most of our patients were intravenous drug abusers (IVDAs) (65%). Other risk categories were represented by IVDAs who were also male homosexuals or bisexuals (11%), male homosexuals and bisexu
Stiffman AR; Earls F; George Warren Brown School of Social Work, Washington University,; St Louis, MO 63130.
This paper is an examination of the extent to which adolescents in primary care indicated behavioral risk for human immunodeficiency virus infection, and the degree to which their clinic records reflected either awareness of such conditions or interventions for them. Levels of risk were assigned to the youths based on
Feurestein IM; Archer A; Pluda JM; Francis PS; Falloon J; Masur H; Pass HI; Travis WD; Diagnostic Radiology Department, Warren G. Magnuson Clinical; Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.
Thin-walled pulmonary cystic lesions were found in five immunocompromised patients, four with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Four patients had Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP), and one had pulmonary lesions and disseminated P carinii infection. Two patients demonstrated P carinii within necrotizing, th
Cope C; Machan L; Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of; Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104.
Spurting of blood from standard arterial needles during guide-wire insertion can be controlled easily with a syringe and a simple needle inserted along the syringe plunger. With this method, blood droplets that may be infected with the hepatitis or human immunodeficiency virus will not come into contact with the head
A 41-year-old homosexual man complained about weight loss of 14 kg over a period of 6 months. He developed exertional dyspnea and fever up to 39.6 degrees C. The ESR was elevated and the fraction of immature neutrophils increased. Penicillin was administered with no effect, chest X-ray showed basal pulmonary infiltrat
Science. 1990 Feb 16;247(4944):848-52. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90161978
Lusso P; di Marzo Veronese F; Ensoli B; Franchini G; Jemma C; DeRocco SE; Kalyanaraman VS; Gallo RC; Laboratory of Tumor Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute,; Bethesda, MD 20892.
In view of the current interest in in vivo murine models for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), the interaction between human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and endogenous murine leukemia virus (MuLV)-related retroviruses was investigated with a human leukemic T cell line (PF-382x) that acquired xenotro
South Med J. 1990 Feb;83(2):199-202. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90162079
Bryan CS; Department of Medicine, University of South Carolina School of; Medicine, Columbia 29203.
Retroviruses emerged before Homo sapiens in the course of vertebrate evolution. The first human retrovirus was isolated in 1979; the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) assumed epidemic importance in 1981. That such a novel threat to the survival of our species struck only when we had in place, for the first time, th
Contact tracing--or partner notification--is a generally accepted method for the control of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), but its use as an epidemiological tool against the spread of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) has been questioned. The authors find contact tracing for infection with human immunod
Sex Transm Dis. 1990 Jan-Mar;17(1):7-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90162166
Frisch LE; Greene BF; Harrison R; Lawlor B; Student Health Service, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale.
The authors determined the incidence of nongonococcal urethritis (NGU) longitudinally in patients attending a university health service between August 1986, and May 1988. During this period, the authors observed a statistically significant fall in NGU incidence. This fall coincided with awareness of AIDS risks due to
Jacobson MA; Peiperl L; Volberding PA; Porteous D; Toy PT; Feigal D; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco.
The records of the San Francisco General Hospital (SFGH) Blood Bank were reviewed, and 263 likely AIDS and AIDS-related complex (ARC) patients were identified, who received 1545 units of packed red cells (PBRCs) between July 1, 1987, and June 30, 1988. A probability sample of 80 of these patients was selected randomly
Tzakis AG; Cooper MH; Dummer JS; Ragni M; Ward JW; Starzl TE; Department of Surgery, University Health Center of Pittsburgh, PA; 15213.
Twenty-five whole-organ recipients treated from 1981 through September 1988 were HIV carriers. Eleven were infected before transplantation, although this was not known until later in 8 recipients. The other 14 were infected perioperatively. Ten of the 25 recipients were infants or children. The organs transplanted wer
Kennedy KI; Fortney JA; Bonhomme MG; Potts M; Lamptey P; Carswell W; Family Health International, Research Triangle Park Branch,; Durham, NC 27709.
Conflicting recommendations have been offered about whether HIV+ mothers should breastfeed. Since there is a strong precedent for US infant feeding practices to be imitated in developing countries, a model was constructed to estimate infant mortality if the CDC admonition for HIV+ mothers not to breastfeed were upheld
Serologic and molecular biologic techniques were used to identify association of HTLV-1 with adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma as well as with B-cell leukemia. HTLV-1 markers (antibodies and integrated provirus) were identified in all lympho- and myeloproliferative diseases, while integrated provirus genome--in T-cell po
Steiner JD; Sorokin G; Schiedermayer DL; Van Susteren TJ; Educational Services Division, Medical College of Wisconsin,; Milwaukee 53226.
A survey was administered to 1543 adolescents from southeastern Wisconsin to assess their knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs regarding acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and persons with the disease. Responses were compared with those of other studies involving adolescents using identical or similar test items.
Maesaka JK; Cusano AJ; Thies HL; Siegal FP; Dreisbach AW; Department of Medicine, Long Island Jewish Medical Center, New; Hyde Park, NY 11042.
Clinical evaluations of hypouricemia in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) have shown that it is a common disorder resulting from defective renal handling of uric acid. We prospectively studied renal urate handling in 23 patients and reviewed the records of 73 consecutive patients with AIDS or
Am J Public Health. 1990 Mar;80(3):295-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90164811
Hingson RW; Strunin L; Berlin BM; Heeren T; Social and Behavioral Sciences Section, Boston University School; of Public Health, MA 02118-2389.
In August 1988, 1,773 Massachusetts 16-19-year-olds were surveyed by telephone using anonymous random digit dialing; response rate 82 percent. Logistic regression tested whether alcohol and drug use, perceived susceptibility to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), severity of HIV if infected, effectiveness of condoms i
Mayer K; Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center,; New York, NY 10021.
Cytopenias are commonly found in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Thrombocytopenia due to peripheral destruction of platelets is an early manifestation, normocytic anemia and neutropenia are late manifestations. Transfusions are required when symptoms become severe. Chemotherapy of patients with th
Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1990 Feb 14;166(3):1133-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90165911
Zorn NE; Weill CL; Russell DH; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of South; Florida College of Medicine, Tampa 33612.
Nuclear pool(s) of protein kinase C (PKC) may be a common target for hormones and growth factors which affect the trophic state of cells. The data presented demonstrate a time and dose-dependent activation of nuclear PKC by the HIV coat protein, gp120, in isolated nuclei from rat spleen and hippocampus. This gp120-sti
Bentin J; Feremans W; Pasteels JL; Hauzeur JP; Menu R; Appelboom T; Division of Rheumatology, Erasmus Hospital, University of; Brussels, Belgium.
We describe a patient who developed acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related complex, complicated by chronic, symmetric polyarthritis. Synovial biopsy showed large areas of plasma cell infiltration subjacent to the synovial lining. Ultrastructural study demonstrated tubuloreticular structures within endothelial cell
Int J Cancer. 1990 Jan 15;45(1):127-30. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90129408
Cockerell GL; Lairmore M; De B; Rovnak J; Hartley TM; Miyoshi I; Department of Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins; 80523.
Two groups of rabbits were inoculated on the day of birth or at 4 weeks of age with a human T-cell leukemia virus type-I (HTLV-I)-infected and transformed rabbit cell line (Ra-I). Rabbits seroconverted to HTLV-I, as determined by indirect immunofluorescence, by 3 weeks after inoculation and remained persistently serop
Yap PL; Edinburgh and South East Scotland Blood Transfusion Service,; Scotland.
Viral and bacterial infections are a serious cause of morbidity and mortality in patients immunocompromised as a result of malignancy, burns, trauma, viral infections or chemotherapy. The development of safe and effective antibody preparations suitable for intravenous use have transformed the lives of patients sufferi
FASEB J. 1990 Feb 1;4(2):169-75. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90127900
Green PL; Chen IS; Department of Microbiology, UCLA School of Medicine 90024-1678.
Retroviruses of the type C morphology have been implicated in a wide variety of diseases in animals and humans. The human T cell leukemia viruses types I (HTLV-I) and II (HTLV-II), the prototypic human-type C retroviruses, have been identified as the causative agents of some forms of human leukemia and neurological di
The relationship between Pneumocystis carinii antibody concentrations and acute Pneumocystis infection was investigated by testing sequential samples of serum from HIV antibody-positive patients with respiratory symptoms and HIV-negative immunocompromised patients by means of an indirect immunofluorescence assay for s
Baba M; De Clercq E; Schols D; Pauwels R; Snoeck R; Van Boeckel C; Van Dedem G; Kraaijeveld N; Hobbelen P; Ottenheijm H; et al; Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit; Leuven, Belgium.
Novel sulfated polysaccharides, sulfated bacterial glycosaminoglycan (Org 31581) and chemically degraded heparin (Org 31733), have proved to be potent and selective inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in vitro. Their 50% inhibitory concentrations for HIV type 1 (HIV-1) in MT-4 cells were 0.67 and 0.52 mic
We describe the results of treatment with zidovudine in 141 symptomatic HIV positive patients, 119 of whom had AIDS. Total mortality was 30% over a mean observation period of 45 weeks after the start of the treatment. This is much lower than the mortality among AIDS patients in the pre-zidovudine period. During the fi
Miller EN; Selnes OA; McArthur JC; Satz P; Becker JT; Cohen BA; Sheridan K; Machado AM; Van Gorp WG; Visscher B; UCLA Schools of Medicine.
We administered a battery of standardized neuropsychological measures to assess cognitive functions in a group of 769 HIV-1 seronegative, 727 asymptomatic HIV-1 seropositive (CDC Groups 2 and 3), and 84 symptomatic HIV-1 seropositive (CDC Group 4) homosexual/bisexual men enrolled in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (
Selnes OA; Miller E; McArthur J; Gordon B; Munoz A; Sheridan K; Fox R; Saah AJ; Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD.
Cross-sectional studies have not adequately resolved the question of whether subjects infected with HIV-1 may suffer cognitive decline during the early, asymptomatic stages of the infection. We studied longitudinally 238 asymptomatic healthy HIV-1-infected homosexual/bisexual men (CDC groups 2 and 3) and 170 uninfecte
Amadori A; De Rossi A; Chieco-Bianchi L; Giaquinto C; De Maria A; Ades AE; Institute of Oncology, University of Padua, Italy.
In children born to mothers infected with human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1), a diagnosis of HIV infection cannot be based on a positive antibody result until at least 18 months of age. There is therefore an urgent need for simple and reliable methods of diagnosing HIV infection in these infants. The sensitivity a
Research indicates that social support has a direct effect on health, buffers the effects of physical and emotional stress, and mediates immune dysfunction. Although nurses frequently incorporate social support needs during patient assessment, it may not be specific or systematic. Assessment of social support for the
Henry K; Thurn J; University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis.
Considerable progress has been made in the identification and treatment of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia related to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Prophylaxis, either primary or secondary, represents a major advance and should be used appropriately by physicians caring for patients infected with human imm
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Jan;87(2):523-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90138862
Bryant M; Ratner L; Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of; Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110.
Covalent linkage of myristic acid to the N-terminal glycine residue of Pr55gag, the precursor of the major structural proteins of human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1), facilitates an essential step in virus assembly and propagation. Substitution of the myristoyl-acceptor glycine with alanine, in a functional clone o
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Jan;87(2):772-6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90138909
Palsson BO; Keasling JD; Emerson SG; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann; Arbor 48109.
The qualitative nature of human immunodeficiency virus replication dynamics is examined by using the known action of regulatory proteins. The combination of activation of transcription by the Tat protein and the influence of the Rev protein on processing of RNA leads to a regulatory loop that can have multiple express
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Feb;87(3):1198-202. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90138965
Cochrane AW; Chen CH; Rosen CA; Department of Molecular Oncology & Virology, Roche Institute of; Molecular Biology, Nutley, NJ 07110.
A region of potential complex secondary structure within the human immunodeficiency virus env mRNA has been implicated in Rev-mediated export of viral structural mRNAs from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. By using an RNase protection gel-mobility-shift assay, we demonstrate that purified Rev protein forms a stable compl
Haverkos HW; Clinical Medicine Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse,; Rockville, Maryland 20857.
The identification of cofactors in AIDS is a challenging scientific task. If successful, identifying cofactors could prove valuable in understanding the pathogenesis of HIV infection and AIDS and in the development of strategies to prolong survival and/or prevent complications in HIV-infected individuals. There is suf
Science. 1990 Jan 26;247(4941):454-6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90140703
McQuade TJ; Tomasselli AG; Liu L; Karacostas V; Moss B; Sawyer TK; Heinrikson RL; Tarpley WG; Infectious Disease Research Unit, Upjohn Company, Kalamazoo, MI; 49001.
A synthetic peptidemimetic substrate of the human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) protease with a nonhydrolyzable pseudodipeptidyl insert at the protease cleavage site was prepared. The peptide U-81749 inhibited recombinant HIV-1 protease in vitro (inhibition constant Ki of 70 nanomolar) and HIV-1 replication in huma
Krown SE; Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021.
High-dose interferon alfa (IFN alfa) therapy induces an overall response rate of 25% to 30% in unselected patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related Kaposi s sarcoma. Up to 50% of patients with relatively preserved immune reactivity respond to treatment. However, when dosages of 20 x 10(6) units o
Groopman JE; Department of Hematology/Oncology, Harvard Medical School,; Boston, MA 02115.
The major hematopoietic growth factors have been produced through recombinant DNA technology and have entered initial clinical trials; results of these trials will be reviewed here. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) has been tested in patients with bladder cancer and small-cell carcinoma of the lung. In th
da Silva M; Shevchuk MM; Cronin WJ; Armenakas NA; Tannenbaum M; Fracchia JA; Ioachim HL; Department of Pathology, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, New York; 10021.
The testes and prostates of 14 patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) for whom autopsies were performed were examined for the presence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the pathologic alterations seen in AIDS. Histologically, the testes contained peritubular fibrosis and variable spermatogeni
Am J Med. 1990 Feb;88(2):123-30. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90144791
Cappell MS; Schwartz MS; Biempica L; Department of Medicine, University of Medicine of New; Jersey-Robert Wood Johnson (Rutgers) Medical School, New; Brunswick 08903-0019.
PURPOSE: Patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) frequently have liver dysfunction, which may be due to a number of causes. Determination of the patients who are likely to benefit from liver biopsy, an invasive procedure, is therefore important. In this study, the results of liver biopsy in patient
Ann Surg. 1990 Feb;211(2):211-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90146515
Tyler DS; Shaunak S; Bartlett JA; Iglehart JD; Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; 27710.
Thrombocytopenic purpura is a common hematologic abnormality occurring in individuals infected with the human immunodeficiency virus, HIV-1. Of the nearly two million people infected with HIV-1, approximately 11% have platelet counts of less than 100,000/mm3. If no etiology other than HIV-1 infection can be found for
Glatt AE; Chirgwin K; Department of Medicine, Nassau County Medical Center, East; Meadow, NY 11554.
Pneumocystis carinii has taken on new importance with the emergence of the human immunodeficiency virus. It is the most common life-threatening opportunistic infection in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and eventually develops in 80% or more of those not receiving primary prophylaxis. This review focuses on the
Langs C; Gallo GR; Schacht RG; Sidhu G; Baldwin DS; Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine,; NY.
We studied the clinical features, pathologic findings, and course of 18 patients who were found to have glomerular disease at the time of hospitalization with manifestations of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related complex at New York University Medical Center, New York, NY,
Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1990 Jan 15;166(1):349-57. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90147723
Laurence J; Sikder SK; Jhaveri S; Salmon JE; Department of Medicine, New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center,; NY 10021.
Potent inhibitors of protein kinases C and A, including 1-(5 isoquinolinyl sulfonyl) 2-methyl piperazine (H7), staurosporine, and 2-aminopurine, depressed phorbol ester-induced HIV-1 virion production and HIV-specific transcripts by greater than 90% in chronically infected promonocytic cells. Suppression was dose-depe
Cell. 1990 Feb 23;60(4):675-83. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90150294
Malim MH; Tiley LS; McCarn DF; Rusche JR; Hauber J; Cullen BR; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Microbiology and; Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North; Carolina 27710.
Expression of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 structural proteins requires both the viral Rev trans-activator and its cis-acting RNA target sequence, the Rev response element (RRE). The RRE has been mapped to a conserved region of the HIV-1 env gene and is predicted to form a complex, highly stable RNA stem-loop s
Stein BS; Engleman EG; Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine,; California 94305.
The intracellular processing of the gp160 HIV-1 envelope precursor was characterized in acutely infected CD4+ T cells. Our data show that gp160 undergoes endoproteolytic cleavage by a nonacid dependent protease(s) in the rough endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi complex, within cis or medial cisternae, and is not transported
The processes of transcription and posttranscription are assumed to proceed in close association with the nuclear matrix. In this study we demonstrated that Tat, the trans-activating protein from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), binds both to the TAR region of the nascent HIV mRNAs and the nuclear matrix w
J Immunol. 1990 Feb 15;144(4):1241-50. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90154793
Grant MD; Weaver MS; Tsoukas C; Hoffmann GW; Department of Microbiology, University of British Columbia,; Vancouver, Canada.
Autoimmunity often precedes the onset of AIDS-related complex or AIDS, and a number of autoantibodies have been described in AIDS patients and persons at risk for AIDS. The presence of such antibodies provokes speculation that autoimmunity is a component of AIDS pathogenesis. We report evidence of an autoantibody (ant
Weiblen BJ; Schumacher RT; Hoff R; Massachusetts Department of Public Health, State Laboratory; Institute, Jamaica Plain 02130.
Indirect assays for IgM and IgA antibodies often lack sensitivity and specificity due to interference from IgG antibodies. To overcome this problem we have developed a simple procedure using recombinant protein G coupled to agarose beads to remove the interfering IgG. A series of HIV seroconversion panels was tested b
Cavanaugh JM; King AI; Wayne State University Bioengineering Center, Detroit, Michigan; 48202.
The Bioengineering Center at Wayne State University uses universal blood and body fluid precautions when handling human cadavers in biomechanical testing. Our infection control protocol largely follows the precautions outlined by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). In addition, we screen each cadaver for the human
Romieu I; Marlink R; Kanki P; M'Boup S; Essex M; Department of Cancer Biology, Harvard School of Public Health,; Boston, MA 02115.
To date, very little is known concerning the clinical spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) infection, and the question as to whether HIV-2 will ultimately prove to be as pathogenic as human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV-1) remains, as yet, unanswered. We reviewed the currently available reports
O'Regan S; Russo P; Lapointe N; Rousseau E; Division of Nephrology, University of Montreal, Hopital; Ste-Justine, Quebec, Canada.
A wide spectrum of renal diseases ranging from glomerulopathic lesions to tumors may be associated with HIV infection. This infection may also complicate the course of dialysis and renal transplantation. We review the renal complications of HIV infection.
McArthur JC; Kumar AJ; Johnson DW; Selnes OA; Becker JT; Herman C; Cohen BA; Saah A; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions,; Baltimore, MD 21205.
Magnetic resonance (MR) scans were performed as part of a prospective neuropsychological study within the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Fifty HIV-1-seronegative men, 85 HIV-1-seropositive men without constitutional symptoms, and 14 with symptomatic HIV disease underwent MR imaging using a uniform protocol. Scans were
Clark L; Matthews JR; Hay RT; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of St.; Andrews, Scotland, United Kingdom.
Human EBP1, isolated from HeLa cells, binds to a 10-base-pair (bp) sequence in cellular and viral enhancers that is also recognized by the inducible transcription factor NF-kappa B. Here we describe the interaction of purified EBP1 with the 10-bp repeated sequence that is responsive to signals which activate T cells a
Roy S; Parkin NT; Rosen C; Itovitch J; Sonenberg N; Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
In order to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of action of the tat-responsive sequence, mutational analysis of the tat-responsive sequence was carried out. The most critical region comprised nucleotides +18 to +44 and included the 3-nucleotide bulge at positions +23 to +25, the loop sequence, and an intact stem. In a
Md Med J. 1990 Feb;39(2):150-5. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90157909
Bartlett JG; Division of Infectious Disease, Johns Hopkins University School; of Medicine.
There has been extensive progress in the management of HIV infection. This especially applies to patients in the early asymptomatic stages of disease. Management guidelines include counseling of all seropositive patients, medical evaluation, psychological support, and medical intervention. For the asymptomatic patient
Md Med J. 1990 Feb;39(2):161-5. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90157911
Zurlo JJ; Lane HC; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda.
We have seen a dramatic increase in the types of antiviral strategies and numbers of specific antiviral agents that have emerged since the early 1980s when infection with the human immunodeficiency virus was first recognized. At the moment, zidovudine is the only drug approved by the FDA
Mo Med. 1990 Feb;87(2):79-81. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90158454
Dunagan WC; Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine,; St. Louis, Mo.
Mycobacteria infections are a common cause of morbidity among patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The author presents an overview of the most common infections and suggests several treatment options and drug regimens.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Feb;87(4):1506-10. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90160355
Duronio RJ; Jackson-Machelski E; Heuckeroth RO; Olins PO; Devine CS; Yonemoto W; Slice LW; Taylor SS; Gordon JI; Department of Biochemistry, Washington University School of; Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110.
Protein N-myristoylation refers to the covalent attachment of a myristoyl group (C14:0), via amide linkage, to the NH2-terminal glycine residue of certain cellular and viral proteins. Myristoyl-CoA:protein N-myristoyltransferase (NMT) catalyzes this cotranslational modification. We have developed a system for studying
Guerrant RL; Hughes JM; Lima NL; Crane J; Division of Geographic Medicine, University of Virginia School of; Medicine, Charlottesville 22908.
Diarrheal diseases are major causes of morbidity, with attack rates ranging from two to 12 or more illnesses per person per year in developed and developing countries. In addition, diarrheal illnesses account for an estimated 12,600 deaths each day in children in Asia, Africa, and Latin America. The causes of diarrhea
Science. 1990 Feb 16;247(4944):845-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90161977
Olsen HS; Nelbock P; Cochrane AW; Rosen CA; Department of Molecular Oncology and Virology, Roche Institute of; Molecular Biology, Nutley, NJ 07110.
A region in the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) env message, with the potential to form a complex secondary structure (designated RRE), interacts with the rev protein (Rev). This interaction is believed to mediate export of HIV structural messenger RNAs from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. In this report the regions
South Med J. 1990 Feb;83(2):146-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90162068
Johnson MP; Rand KH; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Florida, College; of Medicine, Gainesville.
We describe a case of group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal bacteremia in an individual infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The organism was also recovered from the stool, but not from the throat. A review of 19 cases of group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal bacteremia shows an association between an u
Am Fam Physician. 1990 Mar;41(3):867-73. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90164378
Rossitch E Jr; Carrazana EJ; Samuels MA; Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
Toxoplasma gondii, a previously rare cause of central nervous system infection, has become a major cause of encephalitis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. The diagnosis of cerebral toxoplasmosis should be kept in mind when neurologic signs and symptoms develop in patients with AIDS. Patients with po
Ann Biol Clin (Paris). 1990;48(1):1-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90165051
De Gentile L; Chabasse D; Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, CHRU, Angers.
Lungs can be the target of many fungal parasitic organisms. Some of them are specific to the lung (Pneumocystis); while others will migrate there in the course of their life cycle (Ascaris) or be caught in it (Paragonimus, Echinococcus). Sometimes, they also generate hypersensitivity reactions (fungi). In making a dia
Dodd RY; Fang CT; Jerome H. Holland Laboratory, American Red Cross, Rockville, MD; 20855.
The Western blot is frequently used to confirm human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) screening tests as it permits the identification of antibodies to individual component polypeptides of HIV-1. The procedure is described and different criteria for evaluation of HIV-1 Western blots are compared. The significance
Jackson JB; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of; Minnesota, Minneapolis.
Commercial enzyme immunoassays have recently been developed for the detection and quantitation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) viral proteins in blood and other body fluids of infected patients. At the same time, culture assays for HIV-1 have become more rapid, sensitive, and specific for HIV-1 isolatio
Smith RS; Parks E; Johnson & Johnson Biotechnology Center, San Diego, CA 92121.
Detection of antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay is the standard method to screen blood products. With the description of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 as a second retrovirus involved in the pathogenesis of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, additional laborato
Sninsky JJ; Kwok S; Department of Infectious Diseases, Cetus Corp, Emeryville, Calif.; 94608.
The human immunodeficiency viruses types 1 and 2 have been implicated as the etiologic agent of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and its related disorders. The direct detection of human immunodeficiency virus is complicated by the low incidence of free circulating virus as well as the small number of infected ce
Polesky HF; Hanson MR; Memorial Blood Center of Minneapolis, MN 55404.
The American Association of Blood Banks/College of American Pathologists Viral Marker Survey program added samples to evaluate participant performance with test systems for the detection of antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in 1985. On the 80 challenges sent through April 1989, the major problem observ
O'Brien TA; Ortho Diagnostic Systems, Inc. Raritan, NJ 08869.
Since licensure of the first human immunodeficiency virus type 1 screening assay in March 1985, there has been a need for well-characterized human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reference sera. These sera would be used in an effort to ensure uniformity of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 test results worldwide. Thre
Strand CL; Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Medical Center, Mt Sinai; School of Medicine, New York, NY 10003.
Patients with defects in the immune system caused by infection with human immunodeficiency virus are predisposed to a variety of opportunistic infections, many of which can be diagnosed by conventional or special microbiological procedures. This article reviews the laboratory diagnosis of bloodstream, lower respirator
Ioachim HL; Department of Pathology, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, NY 10021.
Human immunodeficiency virus infection and the complications of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome produce a broad spectrum of lesions affecting all organs and tissues. They are caused by uncommon etiologic agents and characterized by unusual location, multiplicity, rapid progression, and tendency to generalizatio
The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome epidemic has led to significant medicolegal concerns in the areas of informed consent and confidentiality. These legal concepts are directed at preserving respect for individual autonomy and privacy in the face of the epidemic. Emerging legal doctrines and issues related to conse
Zuck TF; Hoxworth Blood Center, University of Cincinnati, OH 45267-0055.
The emergence of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome has wrought changes that have affected not only medicine and science, but many aspects of our social and political structures. In 1983 when it clearly became evident that acquired immunodeficiency syndrome could be transmitted by transfusions of blood components
Schwartz JN; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Presbyterian; Hospital, Charlotte, NC.
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is a major health problem confronting society. Our communities are looking to physicians to help in both educational efforts, as well as in formulating public policy in the fight against the disease. For physicians to fill this important role, they first must be knowledgeable themsel
Bachner P; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, United Hospital,; Port Chester, NY 10573.
Pathologists will have an important role in implementing safety precautions to prevent transmission of blood-borne diseases in the laboratory and elsewhere in the healthcare setting. This article reviews proposed professional and regulatory solutions in the context of widespread public and professional fear concerning
Menitove JE; Blood Center of Southeastern Wisconsin, Milwaukee 53233.
The procedures designed to minimize the risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission through transfusion include donor self-exclusion, health history questions, confidential unit exclusion, donor call back to withdraw donation, and HIV antibody testing. Each step is important for reducing the number of unit
Epstein JS; Fricke WA; Division of Blood and Blood Products, Food and Drug; Administration, Bethesda, MD 20892.
Earlier commercial clotting factor concentrates transmitted hepatitis viruses to 100% and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome viruses to 60% to 80% of patients with hemophilia. Transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus was nearly eliminated by heating concentrates in the lyophilized state, which has been done si
Ann Emerg Med. 1990 Feb;19(2):193-200. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90145710
Rivers EP; Buse SM; Bivins BA; Horst HM; Department of Emergency Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit,; Michigan.
In this two-part series on organ and tissue procurement in the acute care setting, the procurement problem, cost-benefit analysis, organizational development and framework, approach to surviving relatives, public attitudes, and brain death certification were discussed in part 1 (January 1990). Part 2 examines evaluati
Woods GL; Goldsmith JC; Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska; Medical Center, Omaha 68105.
Infections of the central nervous system in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome are common. Of the many microorganisms that have been implicated, infection with Aspergillus is rare. We describe three patients with Aspergillus infection of the nervous system. Two patients had cerebral lesions due to As
Biochemistry. 1990 Jan 16;29(2):329-40. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90148956
Summers MF; South TL; Kim B; Hare DR; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland; Baltimore County 21228.
A new method is described for determining molecular structures from NMR data. The approach utilizes 2D NOESY back-calculations to generate simulated spectra for structures obtained from distance geometry (DG) computations. Comparison of experimental and back-calculated spectra, including analysis of cross-peak buildup
Ezratty A; Gumaste V; Rose E; Sachar DB; Tiscornia-Wasserman P; Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, City; University of New York, New York.
A 40-year-old man with prolonged constitutional symptoms and clinical evidence of pancreatitis and biliary tract obstruction underwent exploratory laparotomy. Intraoperative liver and pancreatic biopsies revealed acid-fast bacilli. Mycobacterium tuberculosis subsequently grew from both sputum and urine cultures. The p
J Med Virol. 1990 Jan;30(1):30-5. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90155269
Portera M; Vitale F; La Licata R; Alesi DR; Lupo G; Bonura F; Romano N; Di Cuonzo G; Instituto di Igiene G. D'Alessandro dell'Universita di Palermo,; Italy.
The pattern of free and antibody-complexed HIV antigen and the antibody profile were investigated retrospectively in 305 serum samples taken from 22 AIDS patients before and during the development of AIDS and from 40 apparently healthy seropositive individuals. Most AIDS patients were found positive for both free and
Masihi KN; Lange W; Rohde-Schulz B; Robert Koch Institute, Federal Health Office, Berlin, F.R.G.
Common bacterial infections are increasingly being diagnosed in HIV-infected individuals. Cells of the monocyte-macrophage lineage kill invading bacterial pathogens and subsequently release immunoadjuvant components from the degraded cell walls. Since monocytes can be infected with HIV, effects of bacterial immunomodu
Morita C; Ikuta K; Goto T; Sano K; Nakai M; Hirai K; Kato S; Department of Pathology, Osaka University, Japan.
Several cell clones producing teardrop-shaped human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) particles were isolated from MT-4 cells that survived HIV-1 infection after extensive cell lysis. Most of the teardrop-shaped particles contained an electron-dense core structure, and the particles could replicate in MT-4 cells.
Neumann P; O'Shaughnessy M; Remis R; Tsoukas C; Lepine D; Davis M; Federal Centre for AIDS, Health and Welfare Canada, Ottawa.
Heat-treated factor VIII has been implicated in the transmission of HIV to hemophiliacs. Previously, evidence has been limited to documenting cases of seroconversion following administration of heat-treated factor VIII. Here, we present evidence of active HIV infection, i.e., infected and not merely sensitized followi
Science. 1990 Feb 23;247(4945):954-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90161990
Matayoshi ED; Wang GT; Krafft GA; Erickson J; Pharmaceutical Discovery Division, Abbott Laboratories, Abbott; Park, IL 60064.
The 11-kD protease (PR) encoded by the human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) is essential for the correct processing of viral polyproteins and the maturation of infectious virus, and is therefore a target for the design of selective acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) therapeutics. To facilitate the identificat
Pena JM; Arnalich F; Barbado FJ; Dominguez A; Mostaza J; Valencia ME; Vazquez JJ; Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hospital La; Paz, Madrid, Spain.
Five patients, two homosexuals and three drug abusers, with HIV-related severe thrombocytopenia, four of whom had also bleeding episodes, experienced a full remission of thrombocytopenia after 1,200 mg/day zidovudine treatment. None of the patients had acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or AIDS-related complex.
Balthazar EJ; Gordon R; Hulnick D; Department of Radiology, New York University Medical Center, NY; 10016.
The CT and radiologic findings in 11 patients (five with AIDS and six without AIDS) with ileocecal tuberculosis are described. On CT scans, five cases showed mild circumferential wall thickening of the terminal ileum and cecum, thickening of the ileocecal valve, and a few regional nodes. One case presented as nonspeci
Popovich MJ; Arthur RH; Helmer E; Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Kaiser Foundation Hospital, Los; Angeles, CA 90027.
CT scans of 35 patients with intracranial cryptococcal infection were reviewed retrospectively. Studies were normal in 43% of the patients. Positive findings in others included diffuse atrophy in 34%, mass lesions (cryptococcoma) in 11%, hydrocephalus in 9%, and diffuse cerebral edema in 3%. Two unusual types of crypt
Am J Forensic Med Pathol. 1990 Mar;11(1):44-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90164530
Klatt EC; Noguchi TT; Office of the Medical Examiner, County of Los Angeles,; California.
Infection control in the workplace is becoming an increasingly important issue, not only for health care workers, but also for any workers who could potentially be exposed to infectious material. We discuss the nature, modes of transmission, and infectivity of important infectious agents likely to be encountered in th
Geller SA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai; Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048.
The autopsy on the patient who has died of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) can be of great value to the physicians who cared for the patient and to society in general. Although the AIDS virus has been shown to be significantly contagious in the clinical setting, there is no evidence thus far that it is parti
Br Dent J. 1990 Jan 20;168(2):78. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90122387
Roberts J
Electives are an excellent opportunity to observe dentistry in another country. I chose Toronto in Canada , as it has always struck me as a very modern city and I was particularly interested in observing their recent advances in surgical orthodontics, which I find enthralling. I was
Neudorf SM; Jones MM; McCarthy BM; Harmony JA; Choi EM; Department of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital Research; Foundation, Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229.
The role of the CD4 molecule in the transmission and regulation of the biochemical signals involved in T cell activation was investigated using an anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody termed 6B10. 6B10 immunoprecipitated the 55-kDa CD4 molecule and detected an epitope of CD4 that overlapped with that detected by OKT4A, B, and
N Y State Dent J. 1990 Feb;56(2):25-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90137636
Davis MJ; Pediatric Dentistry, Columbia University School of Dental and; Oral Surgery.
At the time of this writing, over 1500 cases of HIV infection in children under 13 have been documented. Estimates have been made that ten times that number exist. The oral manifestations of HIV infection in these children, the management of these problems, and access to care pose significant issues for the dentist wh
Presse Med. 1990 Jan 20;19(2):65-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90138790
Merlio JP; Laborie V; Coindre JM; Goussot JF; Vital C; de Mascarel A; Laboratoire d'Anatomie pathologique, Universite de Bordeaux II.
We describe the clinical and histologic features of non-Hodgkin s lymphoma in 26 patients with human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV) infection. These represent 10 per cent of AIDS cases recorded in the Bordeaux area. Mean age was 42. Contamination was mostly related to homosexuality
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Feb;87(3):1218-22. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90138968
Ohno S; Yomo T; Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA; 91010-0269.
The universal rule of TA/CG deficiency-TG/CT excess endures the extremely high mutation rate of a retrovirus (human immunodeficiency virus type 1) as well as methylation of CAG rather than CG in a plant (maize). Among the consistently abundant nucleotide oligomers, there are two complementary pairs of palindromic nucl
Belsito DV; Department of Dermatology, New York University Medical Center,; New York.
Prior to 1979, there had been no reports of contact urticaria to rubber products. Since that time, many cases have been reported. At New York University, the first case, secondary to cornstarch allergy, was seen in 1985. Since that time, we have seen an additional six cases, five of them in the last year. Of these six
Andrisani O; Dixon JE; Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette,; Indiana.
The TGACGTCA (CRE) motif required for function by a number of cellular (somatostatin, enkephalin, alpha-human chorionic gonadotropin) and viral (Ad5 E1A-inducible, HTLV-1 TAX-inducible) genes is the site of interaction of multiple sequence-specific complexes. A protocol has been developed for the fractionation and pur
Hilton G; Sisson R; Freeman E; University of San Francisco School of Nursing, California 94117.
The Neurobehavioral Rating Scale (NRS) has been used in the rapid bedside assessment of closed head-injured and stroke patients in the past and has been found to be highly predictive of long-term outlook. The NRS consists of 27 items in a Likert-type scale and measures cognition and behavioral parameters of brain dise
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Feb;87(4):1310-4. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90160317
Ventura AM; Arens MQ; Srinivasan A; Chinnadurai G; Institute for Molecular Virology, Saint Louis University School; of Medicine, MO 63110.
Gene expression from the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) long terminal repeat (LTR) is strongly stimulated by the viral tat gene. The HIV LTR is also activated by several physical and chemical agents and heterologous viral genes, including adenovirus E1a. As E1a has separable transcriptional activation and repressi
Cancer. 1990 Feb 1;65(3):492-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90124119
Siegal B; Levinton-Kriss S; Schiffer A; Sayar J; Engelberg I; Vonsover A; Ramon Y; Rubinstein E; Transplantation Unit, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer,; Israel.
Kaposi s sarcoma of the gingiva and skin developed in an HIV-negative renal transplant patient while he was receiving cyclosporine therapy. The Kaposi s sarcoma developed shortly after the patient had an acute infection with cytomegalovirus (
Pahwa S; Division of Allergy/Immunology, North Shore University Hospital,; Manhasset, NY 11030.
Infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) results in a progressive immune deficiency involving many components of the immune system. The major target cells for infection are CD-4 antigen-bearing cells which include predominantly, but not exclusively, the helper T-cell subset and the monocyte/macrophage cel
Vasudevan VP; Mascarenhas DA; Klapper P; Lomvardias S; Pulmonary Division, Woodhull Medical and Mental Health Center,; Brooklyn, NY.
Cytomegalovirus ( CMV ) is frequently isolated from respiratory secretions of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients. Even in the presence of histopathologic evidence of CMV cytopathic abnormalities, the true clinical significance of CMV pneumonitis
A pseudo-dyad was found to exist in the monomers of the crystal structures of the proteinases from Rous sarcoma virus and the human immunodeficiency virus. This dyad, also discovered earlier in pepsin-like aspartic proteinases and considered to be of probable evolutionary origin, has been shown to arise as a result of
J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1990 Jan 15;196(2):316-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90129996
Heidel JR; Dubey JP; Blythe LL; Walker LL; Duimstra JR; Jordan JS; Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine,; Oregon State University, Corvallis 97331.
Severe necrotizing myelitis secondary to localization and reactivation of Toxoplasma gondii within the spinal cord of a domestic shorthair cat was diagnosed by use of light and electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry. The cat also was infected with feline immunodeficiency virus. This case may have useful comparat
Alessi E; Berti E; Cusini M; Zerboni R; Cavicchini S; Tomasini D; Muratori S; First Clinic of Dermatology, University of Milan, Italy.
Oral hairy leukoplakia was first described in homosexual men infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. It is thought to be caused by infection with both the Epstein-Barr virus and human papillomavirus. We report 59 cases of oral hairy leukoplakia. The disease was diagnosed in patients in all risk groups and was
Youle M; Chanas A; Gazzard B; St Stephen's Hospital, London, U.K.
A double-blind placebo controlled trial of foscarnet was conducted in 32 Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) antibody positive male homosexuals with a presumed AIDS pneumonia. The study was designed to evaluate the importance of treating cytomegalovirus (
Marks JL; Marks D; Lipshultz LI; Scott Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston,; Texas.
Artificial insemination with donor semen has become a well established alternative for couples with untreatable male factor infertility. Because of the widespread use of donor insemination, and the increasing awareness and prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases, the American Fertility Society recently redrafted p
Kalter SS; Heberling RL; WHO Collaborating Center for Reference and Research in Simian; Viruses, San Antonio, TX 78229.
Good colony management is associated with monitoring of animals for infectious agents. Of major current concern are B virus and simian AIDS (SAIDS) viruses. However, other viral agents frequently cause serious disease outbreaks which can be avoided if their presence is detected sufficiently early. The recent developme
Krugner-Higby L; Kucera L; Lerche N; Sever J; Fucillo W; Allan J; Benveniste R; Department of Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest University; Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC 27103.
Colonies of nonhuman primates at the Bowman Gray School of Medicine (BGSM) were tested for antibodies to two retroviruses associated with immunodeficiency by indirect immunofluorescence (IFA) and western blot. A total of 471 cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis), 144 rhesus monkeys (M. mulatta) and 67 stumptail mo
Zhao M; Ye M; Luo GX; Chen SF; Xu JG; Song P; Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical; Sciences, Chinese Medical Primate Research Center, Kunming,; People's Republic of China.
A virological survey of rhesus monkeys captured in China for 13 viruses and/or antibodies was performed. Antigens used were SFV, SF40, HSV-1, Sa11, measles, vaccinia, epidemic or simian hemorrhagic fever, Langat, Kunming, poliomyelitis, HIV, SV41 and rubella. Monkeys were from Sichu
Nord Med. 1990;105(1):19-23. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90138093
Ernberg I; Andersson J; Linde A; Institutionen for tumorbiologi, Karolinska Institutet,; Stockholm.
Epstein-Barr virus infection (EBV) was discovered 25 years ago in tumour cells from Burkitt s lymphoma. EBV causes infectious mononucleosis and contributes to the pathogenesis of Burkitt s lymphoma and nasopharyngeal cancer. Atypical courses of the primary infection are attracting increasing attention and may present
Schmitt-Graff A; Neuen-Jacob E; Rettig B; Sundmacher R; Department of Pathology, University of Dusseldorf, Federal; Republic of Germany.
Characteristic ophthalmopathological features of retinal lesions in a patient with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) are reported. In situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy revealed severe unilateral cytomegalovirus (
Am Fam Physician. 1990 Feb;41(2):517-36. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90144432
Levy RM; Bredesen DE; Rosenblum ML; Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois.
The nervous system is profoundly affected by acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Nervous system pathology is responsible for the initial symptoms in 10 percent of AIDS patients and is found at autopsy in 75 percent of patients with AIDS. Human immunodeficiency virus can directly infect the brain, producing a
BMJ. 1990 Jan 20;300(6718):156-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90149350
Irving WL; Cunningham AL; Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Westmead; Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
OBJECTIVE--To identify clinical consequences of acute human herpesvirus type 6 infection by hypothesising that the virus will induce similar clinical syndromes to cytomegalovirus . DESIGN--Examination of consecutive serum samples from patients with illnesses compatible with acute cy
Lange DJ; Rubin M; Britton CB; Hays AP; Younger DS; Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center, New York, New York.
The clinician with interest in neuromuscular disease must become familiar with the clinical manifestations of HIV infection. It is important to realize that not everyone who is infected with HIV will develop clinical AIDS. This includes patients with clinical manifestations related to HIV infection, for example, neuro
Ho WZ; Harouse JM; Rando RF; Gonczol E; Srinivasan A; Plotkin SA; Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Philadelphia,; Pennsylvania 19104.
Biological interactions between human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) were analysed in transfection and infection experiments, carried out in a human osteogenic sarcoma cell line (HOS) and in the same cell line chronically infected with HC
J Med Virol. 1990 Jan;30(1):42-4. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90155271
Jennens ID; Lucas CR; Sandland AM; Maclean H; Hayes K; Department of Medicine, Fairfield Infectious Diseases Hospital,; Victoria, Australia.
Nine patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and cytomegalovirus ( CMV ) retinitis on maintenance therapy with ganciclovir: 9(1,3-dihydroxy-2-propoxymethyl) guanine (DHPG) at high dose (30 mg/kg/week) or low dos
Superinfection of H9 cells persistently infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) with thermolabile vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) or herpes simplex virus (HSV) led to the synthesis of hybrid progeny. These phenotypic mixtures were able to infect HeLa or Chinese hamster ovary cell lines, leading to the produc
Ouattara SA; Meite M; Aron Y; Akran V; Gody M; Manlan LK; de-The G; Rasteur Institut, Abidjan, Ivory Coast.
During the period from January to December 1987, 2,191 serum samples were collected from different groups of the population in the Ivory Coast (1,126 healthy people selected from the general population, 416 blood donors, 112 healthy anti-HIV carriers, 173 AIDS patients, and 36
Nature. 1990 Feb 15;343(6259):659-61. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90158794
McKeating JA; Griffiths PD; Weiss RA; Chester Beatty Laboratories, Institute of Cancer Research,; London, UK.
The main receptor for the human immunodeficiency viruses type 1 and 2 (HIV-1 and HIV-2) on T and B lymphocytes, monocytes and macrophages is the CD4 antigen 1-3. Infection of these cells is blocked by monoclonal antibodies to CD4(1,2) and by recombinant soluble CD4(4-9). Expression of transfected CD4 on the surface of
Nature. 1990 Mar 1;344(6261):72-4. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90158838
Seto E; Mitchell PJ; Yen TS; Department of Pathology, University of California School of; Medicine, San Francisco 94143-0506.
The hepatitis B virus (HBV) X gene product (pX) could be important in disease pathogenesis because it is known to transactivate transcription from many viral and cellular gene promoters, including the HBV core gene promoter, the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) long terminal repeat, and the c-myc promoter. We have
Miller JC; Einhorn LH; Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis.
Etoposide was found to be schedule-dependent in both preclinical and clinical trials. A study was initiated in March 1988 at Indiana University (Indianapolis, IN), using daily oral etoposide in patients with refractory germ cell tumors. The dose was 50 mg/m2/d, administered daily until progression or toxicity not amel
Valdiserri RO; Taylor RN; Hearn TL; Schalla WO; Muir HW; Division of Laboratory Systems, Centers for Disease Control,; Atlanta, GA 30333.
Ensuring high quality in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) antibody testing is an essential component of the organized public health response to epidemic HIV-1 infection. In 1986, the Centers for Disease Control designed the Model Performance Evaluation Program to assess and improve the analytic quality of H
Kleinman S; American Red Cross Blood Services, Los Angeles, Orange Counties; Region, CA 90006.
Until recently it has been difficult to counsel blood donors with human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1)-indeterminate Western blot results due to a lack of information concerning the significance of this finding. Reports from several investigators have provided laboratory, epidemiologic, and prospective follow-up dat
Lancet. 1990 Jan 27;335(8683):209-12. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90135646
Cegielski JP; Ramiya K; Lallinger GJ; Mtulia IA; Mbaga IM; Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Duke; University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710.
The number of patients admitted to Muhimbili Medical Centre, Tanzania , with pericardial effusions rose after the epidemic of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) began. To investigate a possible relation all patients with suspected pericardial disease admitted between Oct 1,
Med J Aust. 1990 Feb 19;152(4):204-11, 214. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90136290
Tindall B; Cotton R; Swanson C; Perdices M; Bodsworth N; Imrie A; Cooper DA; NHMRC Special Unit in AIDS Epidemiology and Clinical Research,; University of New South Wales, Surry Hills.
Hakansson C; Department of Dermatology, Sahlgrens' Hospital, University of; Goteborg, Sweden.
Using self-administered questionnaires, sexual behaviour was assessed among 181 male homosexuals who were members of a gay organization. Eighty-seven out of 181 (48%) had a regular partner and 14% reported their relationship as monogamous. The number of different sexual partners among the studied men was found to be
Iwatsuki K; Inoue F; Takigawa M; Iemoto G; Nagatani T; Nakajima H; Yamada M; Department of Dermatology, Hamamatsu University School of; Medicine, Japan.
We performed a genotypic study on lymphoid cells from a patient with adult T-cell leukemia (ATL). Clonal proliferation of human lymphotropic virus type-1(HTLV-1)-infected helper T-cells was detected in the primary skin tumors, while no clonality of the virus-infected lymphocytes was observed in the peripheral blood. F
Brehmer-Andersson E; Torssander J; Department of Pathology, Sodersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden.
A male homosexual presented with a skin rash, pharyngitis, fever and lymphadenopathy. The clinical symptoms were suggestive of an acute primary HIV infection. The diagnosis was confirmed serologically. We describe here the clinical and histopathological picture of the exanthema. Biopsy from a papular skin lesion revea
Reggiani M; Pauluzzi P; Department of Dermatology, University of Bologna, Italy.
Oral hairy leucoplakia has been described only in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and is a significant predictor for the subsequent development of AIDS. The occurrence of hairy leucoplakia in a liver transplant patient suggests that the lesion is not restricted to HIV seropositive individ
J Immunol. 1990 Feb 15;144(4):1472-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90154827
Mody CH; Lipscomb MF; Street NE; Toews GB; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta,; Canada.
T cell-mediated immunity has been shown to play an important role in the host defense to Cryptococcus neoformans. Infections due to C. neoformans are increased in patients with AIDS who are deficient in the CD4+ subset of T lymphocytes. Thus, the effect of CD4+ (L3T4+) lymphocyte depletion on murine host defenses to C
J Immunol. 1990 Feb 15;144(4):1490-6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90154830
Spear GT; Landay AL; Sullivan BL; Dittel B; Lint TF; Department of Immunology/Microbiology, Rush-Presbyterian-St.; Luke's Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612.
Cells were infected with HIV-1 and tested for C activation using a flow cytometric assay for bound C3 fragments. HIV-infected H9 cells bound increased levels of C3 using normal human serum as a C source only after cells were first incubated with serum containing anti-HIV antibody. Uninfected H9 cells or infected cells
Cao YZ; Friedman-Kien AE; Mirabile M; Li XL; Alam M; Dieterich D; Ho DD; Department of Microbiology, New York University Medical Center,; NY 10016.
HIV-1 neutralizing activity was demonstrated in serum and 200-fold concentrated urine from individuals who were HIV-1 antibody positive in both their serum and urine, including AIDS-KS, AIDS-OI, ARC, and asymptomatic patients. Virus neutralization activity was detected in 23 of 56 (41.1%) of the serum samples and in 1
Schrappe-Bacher M; Salzberger B; Fatkenheuer G; Franzen C; Koch B; Krueger GR; Kaufmann W; Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Cologne, F.R.G.
T-lymphocyte subsets in duodenal biopsies of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected patients were studied by immunocytochemical staining to determine the alterations of CD4- and CD8-cell subsets in comparison with HIV-1 antibody-negative controls and to examine the association with stage, gastrointestina
Sinicco A; Palestro G; Caramello P; Giacobbi D; Giuliani G; Paggi G; Sciandra M; Gioannini P; Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University; of Turin, Italy.
We observed 12 patients with acute human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. The clinical syndrome was characterized by fever (all cases), generalized lymphadenopathy (11), arthralgias and myalgias (9), sore throat (9), rash (7), splenomegaly (6), and other less frequent signs and symptoms. All patients h
J Am Podiatr Med Assoc. 1990 Jan;80(1):36-40. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90155865
Holmes CA; AIDS Education Project, California College of Podiatric Medicine,; San Francisco 94115.
In order to assess the need for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome education among podiatric assistants, comprehensive questionnaires on human immunodeficiency virus infection were distributed in February and March 1989. The findings presented here are based upon questionnaires completed and returned by 300 assistants
Busch MP; Petersen L; Schable C; Perkins H; Irwin Memorial Blood Centers, San Francisco, California.
Anti-HIV-1 EIA tests currently used for screening blood donors in the United States are estimated to detect 55 to 91% of HIV-2 infections; Western blots for HIV-1 antibodies may be positive, negative or indeterminate with HIV-2-positive sera. We reasoned that we could exploit the cross
Smith RD; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of; Cincinnati, Ohio.
Human immunodeficiency virus selectively infects lymphocytes and macrophages resulting in profound immunosuppression leading to opportunistic infections. This review deals with the virus/cell interaction and explains the apparent paradox of the global immune defect in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome of a single
Le Grice SF; Gruninger-Leitch F; Central Research Units, F. Hoffman La-Roche & Co. Ltd,; Switzerland.
We have modified an Escherichia coli vector expressing 66-kDa HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (p66) so that it simultaneously expresses this and the pol-coded protease. The twin expression cassette yields high quantities of both reverse transcriptase and protease; however, under these conditions, 50% of the over-expressed
Rothmann J; Hassan NF; Campbell DE; Kamani N; Douglas SD; Division of Allergy-Immunology-Bone Marrow Transplantation,; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
A synthetic peptide (CKS-17) homologous to a highly conserved region of the retroviral transmembrane protein p15E was tested for its effect on receptor expression on monocytes. The CKS-17 amino acid sequence is present in several retroviruses including human T-cell lymphotropic virus types I and II and human immunodef
Trifiro S; Bourgault AM; Lebel F; Rene P; Department of Microbiology, Montreal General Hospital, Quebec,; Canada.
The Gram stain is a key tool in diagnostic microbiology. Its usefulness with respect to mycobacteria is undefined. The neutrality of mycobacteria other than Mycobacterium tuberculosis on Gram staining of various clinical specimens is described.
Wainberg MA; Spira B; Bleau G; Thomas R; Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
We have shown that the spermicidal agent benzalkonium chloride can exert a direct inhibitory effect on the viral reverse transcriptase activity of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) when utilized at concentrations of 0.05% and higher. Exposure of HIV-1 to this disinfectant at concentrations of more than 0.05%
Nature. 1990 Feb 1;343(6257):470-4. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90136945
Pauwels R; Andries K; Desmyter J; Schols D; Kukla MJ; Breslin HJ; Raeymaeckers A; Van Gelder J; Woestenborghs R; Heykants J; et al; Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit; Leuven, Belgium.
In the search for compounds active against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), we have found that members of a novel series of tetrahydro-imidazo[4,5,1-jk][1,4]-benzodiazepine-2(1H)-one and thione (TIBO) derivatives inhibit the replication of HIV-1, the main aetiological agent of AIDS, but not of HIV-2, or of any othe
Cancer. 1990 Mar 1;65(5):1074-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90150016
Gill PS; Rarick MU; Espina B; Loureiro C; Bernstein-Singer M; Akil B; Levine AM; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Southern; California School of Medicine, Los Angeles.
Pilot studies were conducted to evaluate the toxicity and efficacy of two relatively marrow-sparing chemotherapy regimens in the treatment of advanced or progressive epidemic Kaposi s sarcoma. Chemotherapy regimens consisted of bleomycin (10 mg/m2), vincristine (1.4 mg/m2, 2 mg maximum) and Adriamycin (doxorubicin) at
Cell. 1990 Feb 23;60(4):685-93. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90150295
Heaphy S; Dingwall C; Ernberg I; Gait MJ; Green SM; Karn J; Lowe AD; Singh M; Skinner MA; MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, England.
HIV-1 Rev protein, purified from E. coli, binds specifically to an RNA transcript containing the 223 nucleotide long Rev response element (RRE) sequence. Rev binds to RRE in vitro with an apparent dissociation constant of 1 to 3 nM as determined by filter binding, gel mobility shift assays, or an immunoprecipitation a
Boeckner LS; Kohn H; Rockwell SK; University of Nebraska Panhandle Research and Extension Center,; Scottsbluff 69361.
This article details the development, delivery, and evaluation of a six-session nutrition course entitled Eating Today for a Healthier Tomorrow. The course addressed nutrition practices associated with the reduction of risk for coronary heart disease, cancer, osteoporosis, and obesity. Teaching teams, consisting of an
J Immunol. 1990 Feb 15;144(4):1282-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90154799
Singh VK; Kalra HK; Yamaki K; Abe T; Donoso LA; Shinohara T; Molecular Biology Section, National Eye Institute, National; Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.
S-Antigen (S-Ag) is a well characterized 45,000 m.w. photoreceptor cell protein. When injected into susceptible animal species, including primates, it induces an experimental autoimmune uveitis, a predominantly T cell-mediated autoimmune disease of the retina and uveal tract of the eye, and of the pineal gland. In thi
Takahashi H; Germain RN; Moss B; Berzofsky JA; Molecular Immunogenetics and Vaccine Research Section, National; Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda,; Maryland 20892.
We have observed that a peptide corresponding to an immunodominant epitope of the HIV-1 envelope protein recognized by class I MHC-restricted CD8+ CTL can also induce T cell help for itself. The help is necessary for restimulation of CTL precursors in vitro with peptide alone in the absence of exogenous lymphokines, c
Sutjipto S; Kodama T; Yee J; Gettie A; Jennings M; Desrosiers RC; Marx PA; California Primate Research Center, University of California,; Davis 95616.
Two monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against p27 and one against p17 of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) from rhesus macaques were produced and characterized by reacting with disrupted, viral antigens on immunoblots. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), HIV-2 and SIV isolates from sooty mangabey, stump-tailed m
Neurath AR; Strick N; Lee ES; Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center,; New York 10021.
Envelope glycoproteins, gp 120 and gp41, of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) elicit immune responses, including virus-neutralizing antibodies, which are expected to play a role in the defence against HIV-1 infection. Subregions of the gp120/gp41 sequence have immunosuppressive effects or may be implicat
Hao Z; Cooney DA; Farquhar D; Perno CF; Zhang K; Masood R; Wilson Y; Hartman NR; Balzarini J; Johns DG; Division of Cancer Treatment, National Cancer Institute, National; Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.
2 ,3 -Dideoxyuridine (ddUrd) exhibits poor if any anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) activity in ATH8 and MT-4 cells. This is in agreement with the failure of ddUrd to be efficiently anabolized intracellularly to its 5 -triphosphate metabolite. However, 2 ,3 -dideoxyuridine-5 -triphosphate (ddUTP) proved to be a
Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1990 Feb 14;166(3):1095-101. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/90165906
Ito M; Baba M; Mori S; Hirabayashi K; Sato A; Shigeta S; De Clercq E; Department of Bacteriology, Fukushima Medical College, Japan.
Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) completely reverses the activity of azidothymidine ( AZT ) against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in MOLT-4 cell cultures. The 50% effective concentration of AZT, required to protect MOLT-4 cells agai
North Eastern Reporter, 2d Series. 1988 Dec 22 (date of decision);538:419-427. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE KIE/29231
After receiving HIV-infected blood at the University of Cincinnati Hospital, Jane Doe sued the hospital and Hoxworth Blood Center. Doe requested that Hoxworth reveal the identity of the infected donor. Hoxworth objected, and Doe filed to compel disclosure. The trial court ordered disclosure of the donor s identity.
Federal Supplement. 1989 Mar 6 (date of amended decision);705:1076-1081. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE KIE/29243
The plaintiff, Daniel DeVito, volunteered to participate in clincial investigations of a new AIDS drug, Ampligen. After three unrevealing experiments, the defendants -- HEM, Inc., DuPont, Inc., Hahnemann University, and the Food and Drug Administration -- determined the drug was ineffective and terminated further tes
In: Juengst, Eric T.; Koenig, Barbara A., eds. The Meaning of AIDS: Implications for Medical Science, Clinical Practice, and Public Health Policy. New York: Praeger, 1989 :30-41. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE KIE/29376
In: Juengst, Eric T.; Koenig, Barbara A., eds. The Meaning of AIDS: Implications for Medical Science, Clinical Practice, and Public Health Policy. New York: Praeger, 1989 :72-85. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE KIE/29377
In: Juengst, Eric T.; Koenig, Barbara A., eds. The Meaning of AIDS: Implications for Medical Science, Clinical Practice, and Public Health Policy. New York: Praeger, 1989 :86-93. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE KIE/29378
In: Juengst, Eric T.; Koenig, Barbara A., eds. The Meaning of AIDS: Implications for Medical Science, Clinical Practice, and Public Health Policy. New York: Praeger, 1989 :94-100. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE KIE/29379
In: Juengst, Eric T.; Koenig, Barbara A., eds. The Meaning of AIDS: Implications for Medical Science, Clinical Practice, and Public Health Policy. New York: Praeger, 1989 :101-107. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE KIE/29380
In: Juengst, Eric T.; Koenig, Barbara A., eds. The Meaning of AIDS: Implications for Medical Science, Clinical Practice, and Public Health Policy. New York: Praeger, 1989 :108-116. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE KIE/29381
In: Juengst, Eric T.; Koenig, Barbara A., eds. The Meaning of AIDS: Implications for Medical Science, Clinical Practice, and Public Health Policy. New York: Praeger, 1989 :119-128. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE KIE/29382
In: Juengst, Eric T.; Koenig, Barbara A., eds. The Meaning of AIDS: Implications for Medical Science, Clinical Practice, and Public Health Policy. New York: Praeger, 1989 :129-139. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE KIE/29383
In: Juengst, Eric T.; Koenig, Barbara A., eds. The Meaning of AIDS: Implications for Medical Science, Clinical Practice, and Public Health Policy. New York: Praeger, 1989 :140-151. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE KIE/29384
In: Juengst, Eric T.; Koenig, Barbara A., eds. The Meaning of AIDS: Implications for Medical Science, Clinical Practice, and Public Health Policy. New York: Praeger, 1989 :152-162. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE KIE/29385
In: Juengst, Eric T.; Koenig, Barbara A., eds. The Meaning of AIDS: Implications for Medical Science, Clinical Practice, and Public Health Policy. New York: Praeger, 1989 :174-183. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE KIE/29387
In: Humber, James M.; Almeder, Robert F., eds. Biomedical Ethics Review, 1988: AIDS and Ethics. Clifton, N.J.: Humana Press, 1989 :5-19. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE KIE/29416
In: Humber, James M.; Almeder, Robert F., eds. Biomedical Ethics Reviews, 1988: AIDS and Ethics. Clifton, N.J.: Humana Press, 1989 :27-43. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE KIE/29417
In: Humber, James M.; Almeder, Robert F., eds. Biomedical Ethics Reviews, 1988: AIDS and Ethics. Clifton, N.J.: Humana Press, 1989 :45-65. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE KIE/29418
In: Humber, James M.; Almeder, Robert F., eds. Biomedical Ethics Reviews, 1988: AIDS and Ethics. Clifton, N.J.: Humana Press, 1989 :67-78. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE KIE/29419
In: Humber, James M.; Almeder, Robert F., eds. Biomedical Ethics Reviews, 1988: AIDS and Ethics. Clifton, N.J.: Humana Press, 1989 :79-102. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE KIE/29420
In: Humber, James M.; Almeder, Robert F., eds. Biomedical Ethics Reviews, 1988: AIDS and Ethics. Clifton, N.J.: Humana Press, 1989 :107-140. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE KIE/29421
In: Humber, James M.; Almeder, Robert F., eds. Biomedical Ethics Reviews, 1988: AIDS and Ethics. Clifton, N.J.: Humana Press, 1989 :141-167. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE KIE/29422
University Available from the Intergovernmental Health Policy Project, George Washington University, 2011 I Street, N.W., Suite 200, Washington, D.C. 20006, (202) 872-1445, 1989 Apr 132 p Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE KIE/29465
Division All England Law Reports. 1987 Nov 6 (date of decision);[1988] 2:648-666. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE KIE/29519
Confidential information supplied to a newspaper in Great Britain identified two practicing physicians as being infected with AIDS. Initially, an order was obtained restraining the newspaper from publishing the information. One month later, however, the newspaper published the information without naming the doctors.
In: Juengst, Eric T.; Koenig, Barbara A., eds. The Meaning of AIDS: Implications for Medical Science, Clinical Practice, and Public Health Policy. New York: Praeger, 1989 :163-173. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE KIE/29386
Federal Reporter, 2d Series. 1989 Feb 6 (date of decision);867:461-464. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE KIE/29242
After the Eastern Nebraska Community Office of Retardation (ENCOR) mandated AIDS and hepatitis-B testing for employees in direct contact with clients, affected ENCOR employees sued to enjoin testing. The District Court found the risk of viral infection to be so miniscule that testing would have little, if no, effect
This information is designed to support, not replace, the relationship that exists between you and your doctor.