PEDIATRIC AIDS

Important note: Information in this article was accurate in 1989. The state of the art may have changed since the publication date.

PEDIATRIC AIDS

Radiology of AIDS. Federle MP et al, eds. New York, Raven, p. 131-42, 1988.. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/89655316
Genieser NB; Hernanz-Schulman M; Krasinski K; Greco MA; Borkowsky W; New York Univ. Medical Center, 560 First Ave., New York, NY; 10016

Abstract: By early 1987, at least 450 children under 13 yr of age had been reported to the Centers for Disease Control as having AIDS. This figure probably represents only 20% of children with symptomatic HIV infection; the number of children with asymptomatic infection is unknown. The typical presentation of children with HIV-related disease includes, in the order of their frequency of occurrence, unexplained lymphadenopathy, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, interstitial pneumonia, failure to thrive and/or weight loss, immune-mediated thrombocytopenia, chronic diarrhea, bacteremia, developmental delay or progressive neurologic deterioration, unexplained fever, low birth weight (due to prenatal exposure), eczema, and parotitis. Acute lobar pneumonias due to encapsulated bacteria are a common and recurring finding in those patients with lymphadenopathy. Pneumocystis carinii, cytomegalovirus, and Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare are the causative agents of these pneumonias; lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis may also be encountered. Unlike adult patients with AIDS, CNS disease in children with AIDS is often protracted and related to direct invasion of neural tissue by HIV. Common clinical findings include arrest in or loss of developmental milestones; generalized weakness, with lower extremities more commonly involved than upper extremities; truncal ataxia; pyramidal signs; and secondary microcephaly. A characteristic pattern of dysmorphic features (eg, growth retardation and craniofacial abnormalities) has been described in pediatric AIDS. An inverse correlation between the severity of dysmorphia and the length of the incubation period was suggested by one study. (44 Refs)

Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/CONGENITAL/COMPLICATIONS/ *RADIOGRAPHY AIDS-Related Complex/CONGENITAL/COMPLICATIONS/*RADIOGRAPHY Brain/RADIOGRAPHY Child Child, Preschool Gastrointestinal System/RADIOGRAPHY Human Infant Infant, Newborn Lung/RADIOGRAPHY Opportunistic Infections/COMPLICATIONS/RADIOGRAPHY Tomography, X-Ray Computed MONOGRAPH REVIEW, TUTORIAL REVIEW

891030
M89A0649

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