(Producer) Many troubling ethical issues swirl around persons involved with AIDS, both those who suffer from the syndrome and those who care for them. This video examines ten areas of ethical concern that challenge healers to rexamine their own basic commitments. Dr. Cox focuses upon five moral virtues as the necess
Reviews the epidemiology and modes of transmission for HIV infections. Discusses the management for asymptomatic HIV infected patients. Presents current diagnostic techniques and therapies for the treatment of HIV infections.
Rockville, MD (5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville 20857) : U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration, National Institute on Drug Abuse, [1988] xiv, 189 p. : ill (NIDA research monograph ; 80) Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE CAT/8907901
Battjes R; Pickens RW; Needle Sharing among Intravenous Drug Abusers: National and; International Perspectives
AIDS: Modern Concepts and Therapeutic Challenges. Broder S, ed. New York, Marcel Dekker, p. 63-73, 1987.. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/89650439
Kanki PJ; Essex M; Dept. of Cancer Biology, Harvard Sch. of Public Health, Boston,; MA
Animal retroviruses are reviewed, and their potential to aid understanding of human T-lymphotropic virus III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (HTLV-III/LAV) and its role in AIDS is discussed. Topics include feline leukemia viruses, simian T-lymphotropic virus (STLV-I, STLV-III), and experimental infection of HTLV-III/
AIDS: Modern Concepts and Therapeutic Challenges. Broder S, ed. New York, Marcel Dekker, p. 263-83, 1987.. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/89650446
Berger JR; Resnick L; Dept. of Neurology, Univ. of Miami Sch. of Medicine, Miami, FL
Neurological disease resulting from human T-lymphotropic virus-III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (HTLV-III/LAV) is reviewed, including HTLV-III/LAV neurotropism, acute neurological disease related to HTLV-III/LAV primary infection, HTLV-III/LAV encephalopathy, HTLV-III/LAV myelopathy, HTLV-III/LAV-related
The Interferon System. A Current Review to 1987. Baron S et al, eds. The University of Texas Medical Branch Series in Biomedical Science, Austin, TX, University of Texas Press, p. 31-40, 1987.. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/89650479
Chadha KC; Ikossi MG; Roswell Park Memorial Inst., Buffalo, NY 14263
Of all types of interferons (IFNs) described to date, the acid-labile IFN-alpha has been the most prominently associated with disorders presumed to be the result of immune disregulation; thus, acid-labile IFN-alpha has been detected in sera of patients who have systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, Down
Fourth International Conference on AIDS. Books I and II. June 12-16, 1988, Stockholm, Sweden, 1029 p., 1988.. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/89650623
Anonymous; No affiliation given
This program for the Fourth International Conference on AIDS, held in Stockholm, Sweden from June 12-16, 1988, contains the abstracts of presentations given during the plenary sessions, workshops, round tables and poster sessions. The HIV infection pandemic represents a unique and
AIDS: Etiology, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention. Second Edition. DeVita VT Jr et al, eds. Philadelphia, Lippincott, p. 11-31, 1988.. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/89650898
Shaw GM; Wong-Staal F; Gallo RC; Univ. of Alabama, Birmingham, AL
Remarkable progress has been made since the first description of AIDS in 1981 in elucidating the causative agent, defining its biologic and genetic properties, and understanding its evolutionary relationship to other retroviruses. This chapter describes progress and emerging directions of the basic research likely to
AIDS: Etiology, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention. Second Edition. DeVita VT Jr et al, eds. Philadelphia, Lippincott, p. 61-77, 1988.. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/89650900
Koenig A; Fauci AS; Lab. of Immunoregulation, Natl. Inst. of Allergy and Infectious; Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD
AIDS is unique among the clinical disorders caused by defects of the immune system. While patients with AIDS may share certain clinical and laboratory features with individuals with primary immunodeficiencies, especially the severe combined immunodeficiencies (SCID), the pathophysiology and spectrum of immunologic def
AIDS: Etiology, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention. Second Edition. DeVita VT Jr et al, eds. Philadelphia, Lippincott, p. 121-36, 1988.. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/89650904
Sandler SG; Dodd RY; Fang CT; Georgetown Univ. Sch. of Medicine, Washington, DC
Current serologic tests for HIV infection are based on the observation that most persons infected by HIV develop specific antibodies within a few weeks, and nearly all persons develop antibodies within a few months. These HIV-specific antibodies persist during the course of latent infection and, to varying degrees, du
Mueller N; Hatzakis A; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health,; Boston, Massachusetts 02115.
The clinical manifestations of chronic infection with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) fall into two broad categories: opportunistic infections and opportunistic malignancies. The initial observation of both occurring in outbreak fashion among young homosexual men led to the early identification of the present p
Newell GR; Spitz MR; Johnson DE; Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, University of Texas; M. D.Anderson Hospital and Tumor Institute, Houston 77030.
Analogy is a useful means of generating etiologic hypotheses which can be tested by epidemiologic, clinical, or laboratory studies. We describe how the use of analogy has furthered the understanding of three disease entities--Hodgkin s disease (HD), testicular cancer (TC), and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS
From our past clinical observations, we have identified a cluster of cases with distinct neurological manifestations and, together with our viral studies, it has been proven that in fact these cases belong to a new clinical entity. The association of this slowly progressive spastic paraparesis with human T-cell lympho
Boll Ist Sieroter Milan. 1988;67(1):77-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/89134444
Broggini M; Torre D; Divisione B di Medicina Generale, Ospedale Multizonale di Varese.
Screening programs for the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome have been proposed to several categories of persons at increased risk for AIDS. On the other hand, it is still controversial if people with mental retardation may be candidates for mandatory screening. In our opinion, the reduced competence and diminished a
Marone P; Concia E; Grossi P; Malfitano A; Perversi L; Istituto di Clinica delle Malattie Infettive, Universita di; Pavia, IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, Italy.
In this study we report about the efficacy and tolerability of ofloxacin in the treatment of 15 patients with severe and moderately severe infections including osteomyelitis (5), soft tissue infections (5), salmonellosis in AIDS patients (2), acute or chronic pulmonary infections (2) and mediastinitis (1). The followi
Lipton RB; Krupp L; Horoupian D; Hershkovitz S; Arezzo JC; Kurtzberg D; Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine,; Bronx, N.Y.
A 39-year-old intravenous drug user presented with dysarthria and a syndrome of the left cerebellar hemisphere. While in hospital, he developed progressive brainstem findings. Repeated CT scans revealed a lucency in the white matter of the left cerebellar hemisphere. Brainstem auditory and short-latency somatosensory
Woolley PD; Bowman CA; Kinghorn GR; Department of Genitourinary Medicine, Royal Hallamshire Hospital,; Sheffield.
This study to assess differences between street walking prostitutes and sauna girls who attended this clinic in 1986 and 1987 showed that fewer street walkers used barrier methods for disease prevention with clients or accepted tests for antibody to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) when offered and more street walke
Int J Nurs Stud. 1988;25(3):207-16. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/89138880
Lovejoy NC; Moran TA; Department of Physiological Nursing, University of California,; San Francisco.
Due to the current absence of curative therapies, patients with AIDS or ARC (AIDS-Related Complex) rely on information to provide them with a sense of control over their lives [Institute of Medicine, National Academy of Sciences, Confronting AIDS: Directions for Public Health, Health Care and Research (1986)]. The pur
Ortona L; Tamburrini E; Antinori A; Ventura G; Istituto di Clinica delle Malattie Infettive, Universita; Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma.
The relationship between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) markers of HIV infection and the spectrum of neurological manifestations were studied in 15 AIDS patients (13 with and 2 without confirmed neurological disorders). We demonstrated the presence of intrathecally synthesized anti-HIV antibodies. Antibodies to HIV envelop
Pietroboni GR; Harnett GB; Farr TJ; Bucens MR; Virus Laboratory, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Nedlands,; Western Australia.
Human herpes virus type 6 (HHV-6) was isolated from the peripheral blood lymphocytes of a patient infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Antibodies to this herpes virus were found to be widespread among adults and children in Western Australia . Co-infection studies in
Hauer LB; Dattel BJ; San Francisco General Hospital, CA 94110.
A significant number of the one to two million adults in the United States infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are women of childbearing age. It is estimated that approximately 50% of HIV-infected pregnant women will transmit the virus to their fetuses or neonates. Obs
N'Galy B; Ryder RW; Zairean National AIDS Control Program, Project SIDA, Department; of Public Health, Kinshasa, Zaire.
HIV infection in Africa is primarily acquired through heterosexual activity, accounting for up to 80% of cases. Prostitutes and sexually promiscuous individuals are at particularly high risk of acquiring infection via this route. In the general population, women between the ages of 18 and 30 years are at increased ris
Ngugi EN; Plummer FA; Department of Community Health, College of Health Sciences,; University of Nairobi, Kenya.
This paper highlights the role of mobilization of individuals and community groups and health professionals in prevention of HIV transmission. It traces the educational strategy employed to reach the general population and selected groups at risk. In Kenya , the general awareness abo
Gagnon JH; Department of Sociology, State University of New York, Stony; Brook 11794.
The onset of the AIDS epidemic has made evident how scanty our knowledge is about sexuality, not only in the developing world where behavioral science resources are limited, but in the developed world as well. That the findings of the Kinsey group of nearly half a century ago remain relevant to current scientific disc
Med Hypotheses. 1988 Dec;27(4):253-4. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/89143244
Kelly TA; Laboure College, Boston, MA 02124.
The lack of secondary infections or the delay in their appearance in immunodeficient individuals (specifically AIDS patients) previously immunized prior to their immune deficit points to an as yet overlooked mechanism in the immune response. It is proposed that on second exposure to the antigen (Ag) there is a unique
Moriuchi T; Koji T; Nakane PK; Yoshida M; Moriuchi J; Arimori S; Department of Cell Biology, Tokai University School of Medicine,; Isehara, Japan.
DNA fragments were labeled with dinitrophenyl (DNP) residues by the reaction with 2,4-dinitrobenzaldehyde in alkaline condition and the labeled DNA was used as a probe for non-radioactive in situ hybridization. DNP-labeled DNA probes for T cell receptor beta chain, c-myc and HTLV-1 were hybridized in situ to mRNA on c
Scott Med J. 1988 Oct;33(5):332-3. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/89146108
McIntosh IB; Young M; Stewart T; Viewfield Medical Centre, Stirling.
This project converted an on-demand, crisis intervention service into a doctor-initiated, anticipatory, preventive programme to improve management, based on home visiting and activities of daily living screening by state enrolled nurse, with serial medical assessment and regular surveillance by the general practitio
Kessler RC; O'Brien K; Joseph JG; Ostrow DG; Phair JP; Chmiel JS; Wortman CB; Emmons CA; Department of Sociology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48106.
Data from a general population sample of 621 healthy homosexual men are used to evaluate the social and emotional effects of HIV antibody status, clinical signs detected by medical examination, and subjectively perceived symptoms. Participants are unaware of their serologic status at the time of data collection, thus
West J Med. 1988 Oct;149(4):481-5. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/89147276
Kizer KW; Conant MA; Francis DP; Fraziear T
Since first reported in 1981, about a fourth of all cases of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in the United States have occurred in California. In response to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic, California has developed a five-point strategy consisting of epidemiolog
Baldoni A; Mencaglia L; Gentili AM; Giannone E; Gilardi G; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Perugia,; Italy.
The authors take as their starting point the cases of 8 pregnancies in HIV serologically positive women, admitted for their observation from July 1986 to March 1988. They emphasize the importance of clinical, anamnestic and serological screening in order to identify those subjects at risk, and thereby prevent the vert
Koike F; Palffy G; Kunishita T; Yoshida M; Tabira T; Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, University of Pecs; Medical School, Hungary.
The aim of this study is to examine the association between multiple sclerosis (MS) and anti-human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) antibody. Serum samples from 16 Hungarian caucasians with MS, 2 gipsy patients with MS, 13 Hungarian caucasians with other neurological diseases (OND) and 2 gipsy patients with OND we
Schindler VJ; St. Vincent's Hospital, New York, New York.
The role of psychosocial occupational therapy with AIDS patients is explored. The clinical picture is defined, information regarding the transmission, incidence, diagnosis, and treatment is presented, and the impact of the illness on the developmental life cycle is described. The occupational behavior framework is use
After infection of the respective target cells with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) viral progeny is produced only after a short temporary delay of some days, depending on cell type. After this period of time a sudden onset of HIV-1 protein synthesis with a dramatic increase in virus release occurs. (2 -5 )Ol
Boll Ist Sieroter Milan. 1988;67(2):135-41. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/89150059
Ortona L; Tamburrini E; Tumbarello M; Ventura G; Cauda R; Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Facolta di Medicina e; Chirurgia.
NK activity and cells with NK phenotype (CD16+) were studied in 21 patients with HIV infection. In particular 8 patients with full-blown AIDS, 6 with AIDS related complex (ARC), 7 asymptomatic seropositive for anti-HIV antibodies were evaluated. Six subjects seronegative for anti-HIV antibodies from groups at risk for
Health Soc Work. 1988 Fall;13(4):259-65. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/89154125
Greif GL; Porembski E; School of Social Work & Community Planning, University of; Maryland, Baltimore 21201.
Virtually nothing is known about the impact of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) on significant others. Significant others have needs, and often these persons become valuable sources of emotional and physical support for the person with AIDS. Data from interviews with 11 significant others suggest a number of
Iida S; Fujiyama S; Yoshida K; Morishita T; Shibata J; Sato T; Nishimura Y; Third Department of Internal Medicine, Kumamoto University; Medical School, Japan.
The prevalence of antibodies to human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1), which is linked to the etiology of adult T-cell leukemia (ATL), was examined in 380 patients with various liver diseases in Kumamoto Prefecture, southwestern Japan , which is one of the most endemic area for
Int J Dermatol. 1988 Nov;27(9):642-4. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/89154837
Pardo RJ; Kerdel FA; Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of; Miami School of Medicine, Florida 33101.
A 40-year-old black man who was HIV positive developed generalized hypertrophic lichen planus in areas previously affected by a photosensitivity eruption. After unsuccessful attempts to induce remission of his lichen planus with conventional therapies, etretinate produced a dramatic response.
Suzuki Y; Israelski DM; Dannemann BR; Stepick-Biek P; Thulliez P; Remington JS; Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Palo Alto; Medical Foundation, California 94301.
The present study was performed to develop a serological method for diagnosing toxoplasmic encephalitis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The trophozoite form of Toxoplasma gondii, fixed with either Formalin or acetone, was used in a modification of an agglutination method previously shown to
Cummings D; AIDS Clinical Trials Unit, University of Washington, Seattle.
As the number of persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) dramatically escalates over the next few years, health care providers will increasingly be involved in their care. A thorough understanding of the broad spectrum of infection, from asymptomatic seropositivity to AIDS-related complex and overt AI
Turu AC; Civera AA; Latorre X; Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Clinic y Provincial de; Barcelona, Spain.
Ophthalmic manifestations were studied in 34 patients suffering from AIDS. Ophthalmic disorders were found in 20 of these (58%), the most frequent being a cotton-wool-type spot (94.7%). Three patients showed an ophthalmic state compatible with choroid ischemia and atrophy of the pigmented epithelium of the retina. Thr
Stat Med. 1988 Dec;7(12):1279-88. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/89161610
O'Neill RT; Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and; Research, Rockville, Maryland 20857.
To estimate vaccine protective efficacy, defined as VE = 1 - ARV/ARU where ARV is the disease attack rate in the vaccinated group and ARU is the disease attack rate in the controls, investigators have used both cohort and case-control designs. For each design, we present a method for calculation of the sample size req
Vogel-Scibilia SE; Mulsant BH; Keshavan MS; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
A review of the literature on HIV and psychiatry thus far has revealed 13 cases of HIV infection presenting as psychosis. We argue that these cases could in fact represent either coincidental schizophrenia or bipolar disorder and HIV infection or HIV-related organic hallucinosis, delusional or affective syndromes with
Ngan F; Chang RS; Tabba HD; Smith KM; Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis 95616.
The dimethylsulfoxide extract of the Chinese medicinal herb Viola yedoensis demonstrates high inhibitory activity toward HIV-1 in vitro. The corresponding methanol extract also showed inhibitory activity but not as high as the dimethylsulfoxide extract. Anti-HIV activity in the extracts is accompanied by cytotoxicity,
Siomi H; Nosaka T; Saida T; Miwa H; Hinuma Y; Shirakawa S; Miyamoto N; Kondo T; Araki K; Ichimaru M; et al; Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Japan.
T lymphocytes of patients with human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1)-associated myelopathy (HAM) were cultured. After cultivating for several months, HAM-derived cell lines were tested for the presence of HTLV-1 proviral genome. We have found two major subgroups, the SacI type and the PstI type, of HTLV-1 by the
West J Med. 1988 Oct;149(4):486-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/89147277
Lipman ML; Goldstein E
Serum lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) activity was compared with mortality in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia during the first four days of admission to assess the test s predictive value. In 30 admissions, 29 patients who survived an episode of Pneumocystis pn
Int Ophthalmol. 1988;12(3):175-82. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/89154869
Peyman GA; Charles HC; Liu KR; Khoobehi B; Niesman M; LSU Eye Center, Louisiana State University Medical Center School; of Medicine, New Orleans.
Intravitreal liposome-encapsulated antibiotics and antiviral drugs were used in patients with acute toxoplasmosis retinochoroiditis, presumed propionibacterium acne endophthalmitis after cataract surgery, and presumed cytomegalovirus retinitis associated with AIDS. A single intravi
Winchester R; Brancato L; Itescu S; Skovron ML; Solomon G; Hospital for Joint Diseases, Department of Rheumatology, New; York, NY 10003.
Information bearing on the prevalence and character of Reiter s syndrome and allied disorders as they occur in a setting of HIV infection was reviewed. Based on the frequency of infections by organisms capable of inducing reactive arthritis and the presence of HLA-B27 in 71% of the individuals, it was concluded that t
Ann Ophthalmol. 1988 Nov;20(11):431-5, 438. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/89165105
Chess J; Marcus DM; Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York.
The acute retinal necrosis (ARN) syndrome has recently been associated with intraocular infections with one or more members of the herpesvirus family. There have been 14 cases in the literature linking ARN with a preceding or subsequent herpetic dermatitis. We report the development of bilateral ARN (BARN) after unila
Cooper EH; Lacey CJ; Unit for Cancer Research, University of Leeds, UK.
The progression of a HIV seropositive patient from an asymptomatic infection or persistent generalised lymphadenopathy to AIDS is dependent on many factors. The most useful prognostic indicators appear to be CD4 + lymphocyte count, beta 2-microglobulin level, anti-p24 antibody titre and p24 antigenaemia. The use of a
Moss RJ; Miles SH; University of Chicago, Illinois.
For the geriatrician who commonly evaluates cognitive and psychiatric disorders in the elderly, the neurologic consequences of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are of particular importance. The most frequent neurologic disease is the AIDS dementia complex chara
Fipps DR; Damato JJ; Burke DS; Department of Virus Disease, Walter Reed Army Institute of; Research, Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington, DC; 20307-5100.
In order to evaluate the effect of heat inactivation on serum undergoing testing for HIV antibody, 100 heat-inactivated and nonheat-inactivated serum samples were tested by two modifications of Abbott s screening assays for human T-cell lymphotropic virus type-III (lot numbers 1037 and 3036) and by two confirmatory as
Conway MD; Insler MS; Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA.
Forty eye banks responded to an Eye Bank Association of America (EBAA) questionnaire concerning screening patients at risk for acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and hepatitis B. Respondents accounted for 26% (8787 of 33,500) of the total volume of eyes donated in North America in 1986. Sixty (0.68%) of 8787 d
Sex Transm Dis. 1988 Jul-Sep;15(3):148-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/89146528
Heaton S; Hammerschlag MR; Roblin PM; Di Pasquale RC; Department of Pediatrics, SUNY Health Science Center, Brooklyn; 11203.
Lymphogranuloma venereum was diagnosed postpartum in a young black woman, who was a drug abuser. Chlamydia trachomatis was isolated from aspirate of a left inguinal mass, and the patient was also seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus. During hospitalization she was treated with ampicillin, gentamicin, and doxy
Grillner L; Department of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska Hospital,; Stockholm, Sweden.
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 has emerged during the 1980s as an important transfusion transmitted agent. The impact of HIV depends on the epidemiology and characteristics of the virus, serological response to infection and efficacy of serological tests to identify infected blood units. These factors will
Leikola J; Finnish Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service, Helsinki.
A number of viruses, parasites and bacteria can be transmitted by blood. Blood seronegative for cytomegalovirus ( CMV ), effectively prevents CMV infection in seronegative bone marrow recipients. Such blood is available at larg
Lindholm A; Blood Center, Ostra Hospital, Gothenburg.
The safety of blood and blood products in Scandinavia today is high. An absolutely safe blood supply is, however, an unattainable goal. The dominating risk is transmission of non-A, non-B virus (NANBV). The calculated per blood unit risk is 1:200. The incidence of cirrhosis due to post-transfusion hepatitis NANB is ca
Novick DM; Des Jarlais DC; Kreek MJ; Spira TJ; Friedman SR; Gelb AM; Stenger RJ; Schable CA; Kalyanaraman VS; Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Medical Center, New York, NY; 10003.
Parenteral drug abusers are at risk for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), which is caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). We tested stored sera for antibody to HIV (anti-HIV) using two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods and Western blot. The patients were parenteral drug abusers who had
Cancer Metastasis Rev. 1988 Nov;7(3):223-41. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/89151669
Tajima K; Division of Epidemiology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute; Chikusa-Ku, Nagoya, Japan.
The incidence of malignant lymphomas in Japan is relatively low compared to that in western European countries and the United States . However, in limited areas in Japan a specific type of lymphoid malignancy called adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL
Cancer Metastasis Rev. 1988 Nov;7(3):243-61. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/89151670
Watanabe S; Mukai K; Shimoyama M; Epidemiology Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute,; Tokyo, Japan.
Since the discovery of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) in patients with adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL), malignant neoplasms of mature (peripheral) T lymphocytes have attracted a great deal of attention. This type of neoplasm is more common in Japan than in Western
Johnson JE; Serology Reference Laboratory, VA Medical Center, Lexington, KY; 40511.
A commercially developed IFA system (Electro Nucleonics, Inc.) was compared to EIA ( Abbott Laboratories ) and WB (Bio-Rad, Inc.) for detection of HIV-1 antibodies. Of 91 EIA negative sera tested, 76 (83.5%) were negative, and 15 (16.5%) were equivocal by IFA on initial testing. Of
Crawford FG; Vermund SH; Department of Community Medicine, Mt. Sinai Medical Center, New; York, New York.
Cryptosporidium is an enteric coccidial protozoan recognized in humans in 1976. Since its manifestation as an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related infection, new diagnostic techniques have improved recognition of Cryptosporidium oocysts, making apparent its true prevalence in human populations. Cryptospor
Rossi AS; Sitaraman B; Department of Sociology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst.
Reform of abortion laws in the United States stemmed from concern over the health consequences of illegal abortion. Feminists were relative latecomers to the movement, and abortion did not become a major political issue until after the Roe v. Wade decision by the Supreme Court. Most so
Potts M; Family Health International, Durham, N.C.
U.S. women have fewer birth control options than do women in other developed countries. Reliance on sterilization helps many couples make up for their lack of choices, but high rates of sterilization among relatively young women are a cause for concern, given the chance of later regret. Although pill use is very high
Health Soc Work. 1988 Fall;13(4):251-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/89154124
Safyer AW; Spies-Karotkin G; School of Social Work, Boston University, MA 02215.
The biology of AIDS, including a selective review of the immune system, is discussed so that social workers may better understand what happens once the virus becomes activated. Because social workers increasingly will encounter clients who are anxious about possibly developing AIDS or who already have contracted the d
Korting HC; Ollert M; Georgii A; Froschl M; Department of Dermatology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich,; Federal Republic of Germany.
Candida albicans strains were isolated from the oral cavities of 62 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients at different stages of HIV infection. Only patients with persistent generalized lymphadenopathy-acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related complex or full-blown AIDS showed typical clinical s
Cooper GS; Jeffers DJ; Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of Health; Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814-4799.
Thirty-two follow-up studies of patients with HIV-1 infection, but without AIDS at baseline, were examined for information on the risk of developing AIDS or other conditions. Disease progression in asymptomatic groups was similar to that found in patients with persistent generalized lymphadenopathy (PGL) without other
Scand J Prim Health Care. 1988 Nov;6(4):245-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/89161601
Makela M; Department of General Practice, University of Helsinki, Finland.
Usage of rapid slide-culture for streptococci was observed in health centres one year after its introduction and first evaluation. The proportion of culture sore-throat patients returned to the original 55% level after an initial period of enthusiasm. The proportion of antibiotic prescriptions remained unchanged at 40
Sandberg-Wollheim M; Alumets J; Biorklund A; Gay R; Gay S; Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
Mononuclear cells in peripheral blood (PB) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of seven patients and lymph nodes of three patients with clinically definite multiple sclerosis (MS) expressed antigens that reacted with monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) specific for HTLV-I p19 and p24 gag proteins. The labelled cells were visualize
Rocks BF; Bertram VM; Bailey MP; Riley C; Thom BT; Department of Biochemistry, Royal Sussex County Hospital,; Brighton, England, UK.
The development and assessment of a fluorescence-labelled immunosorbent assay for the detection of antibodies to the human immunodeficiency virus is described. Test serum is incubated in microtitre wells on which antigens have been coated. If present in the test serum, antibodies to the human immunodeficiency virus bi
Briault S; Courtois-Capella M; Duarte F; Aucouturier P; Preud'Homme JL; Laboratory of Immunology and Immunopathology (CNRS UA 1172),; Poitiers University Hospital, France.
The classes, subclasses and light chain types of 78 serum monoclonal immunoglobulins (MoIg) from adult patients affected with various clinical forms of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection were studied by a sensitive Western blot technique. The incidence of MoIg-containing sera was 26% in a systematic study. M
Castro BA; Cheng-Mayer C; Evans LA; Levy JA; Cancer Research Institute, University of California School of; Medicine.
HIV research in the past year has elucidated many questions relevant to strategies for treatment and control. For instance, there is a greater understanding of the diversity of HIV isolates as well as the wide range of potential cells sensitive to infection. The search for a safe, effective vaccine now calls for more
Schrager LK; Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert; Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10467.
Bacterial infections cause a substantial burden of disease in the HIV-infected population. Like the opportunistic infections associated with AIDS, they are often usually severe. Unlike many AIDS-related opportunistic infections, however, many can be eradicated by therapy with the appropriate antibiotic, although some,
Osborn JE; School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109.
Prospects for vaccines to prevent HIV infection and disease have dimmed appreciably in the past year, and drugs for chemoprophylaxis and/or chemical cure are both unlikely and grossly unrealistic as a means of global HIV control. However, the paucity of transmission routes and their susceptibility to strategies of blo
Coates TJ; Stall RD; Catania JA; Kegeles SM; Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, University of California,; School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94143-0320.
Des Jarlais DC; Friedman SR; New York State Division of Substance Abuse Services, New York; 10013.
There is now evidence from a wide variety of geographic areas that many intravenous drug users will change their behavior in order to reduce their risk of developing AIDS. There is even evidence from some areas that the behavior change has led to relative stabilization of seroprevalence rates, although longer-term stu
Tennison BR; Hagard S; Department of Community Medicine, Fulbourn Hospital, Cambridge.
Models for predicting the future course of the AIDS epidemic can be divided into five types: trend extrapolation models, compartment models, models based on the incubation period, comparison models, and models produced by expert committees. To predict the numbers of cases of AIDS in the Un
Czerchawski L; Lindhardt BO; Ulrich K; Szymaniec S; Pejcz J; Radzikowski C; Department of Pathophysiology, Medical Academy, Wroclaw, Poland.
In order to determine the frequency of HIV antibodies among patients with haemophilia and other inheritable blood clotting disorder in the Lower Silesia region of South-West Poland , we examined a representative fraction comprising 1
Israel-Biet D; Ekwalanga M; Venet A; Even P; Andrieu JM; Hopital Laennec, Paris, France.
The mechanisms by which HIV induces immunosuppression are still poorly understood so far. Several pathways of CD4 cell destruction are known, including cytolysis with or without syncitium formation and killing by cytotoxic effectors of HIV infected or non-infected CD4 cells. However, a discrepancy exists between the s
Hellinger FJ; Division of Extramural Research, NCHSR, Rockville, MD 20857.
Two statistical extrapolation models and data on the number of AIDS cases reported between January 1984 and June 1988 yield projections on the future numbers of AIDS cases which are considerably higher than those of earlier projections, while analysis of the lifetime cost of treating an AIDS patient in 1988 dollars yi
Wigzell H; Department of Immunology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm,; Sweden.
HIV may cause CD4-positive T cell depletion not only by direct infection but by causing damage to normal maintenance mechanisms. Findings in support of such a concept are presented. Results suggesting that immune reactions against HIV may contain elements of a negative nature are presented, in particular in relation t
Int Ophthalmol. 1988;12(2):151-4. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/89154864
She SC; Peyman GA; Schulman JA; LSU Eye Center, Louisiana State University Medical Center School; of Medicine, New Orleans.
Foscarnet (sodium phosphonoformate) is an antiviral with a high degree of efficacy against members of the herpes simplex virus family. We studied the toxicity of single doses of intravitreally administered foscarnet in the albino rabbit. Eyes were evaluated clinically and by light microscopy. Data demonstrated that do
Purtilo DT; Yasuda N; Grierson HL; Okano M; Brichacek B; Davis J; Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska; Medical Center, Omaha 68105-1065.
X-linked lymphoproliferative disease (XLP) is a rare genetic syndrome that continues to serve as a useful model to understand more broadly the role of immunodeficiency and the pathogenetic mechanisms for the spectrum of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-induced diseases to which XLP is predisposed. Apart from XLP, EBV infectio
Bowles CL; Carwein VL; Graduate Program, Nursing, University of Nevada, Las Vegas.
A descriptive survey of 242 National League for Nursing (NLN)-accredited schools was conducted to identify guidelines and methods used to deal with both student assignment to AIDS clients and students who are HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) antibody positive or diagnosed as having AIDS. Results indicated that 96% o
Karon JM; Dondero TJ Jr; Curran JW; AIDS Program, Centers for Disease Control, U.S. Department of; Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia 30333.
Planning for health and social services and for prevention programs requires predicting the number of AIDS cases likely to be diagnosed during the next several years and estimating the prevalence of HIV infection. Extrapolating from recent AIDS incidence data, we estimate that 365,000 AIDS cases will be diagnosed in t
Burny A; Bex F; Brasseur R; Khim MC; Delchambre M; Horth M; Verdin E; Department of Molecular Biology, Free University of Brussels,; Rhode Saint Genese, Belgium.
Cantrill HL; Henry K; Jackson B; Erice A; Ussery FM; Balfour HH Jr; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Minnesota School of; Medicine, Minneapolis.
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was recovered from multiple ocular tissues in three patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Consistently found in the retina, HIV was also detected in the conjunctiva, cornea, and iris. In two cases, HIV was detectable despite treatment with oral zidovudine. All thr
Wong RJ; Volberding PA; Department of Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital, CA 94110.
The activities of a pharmacist in an ambulatory-care AIDS-oncology clinic are described. In December 1984, the chief of the AIDS Activities Division of San Francisco General Hospital s Department of Medicine hired a clinical pharmacist to develop the pharmacokinetics sections of investigational drug protocols, provide
Klecker RW Jr; Collins JM; Yarchoan RC; Thomas R; McAtee N; Broder S; Myers CE; Clinical Oncology Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda,; Maryland.
The clinical pharmacokinetics of 2 ,3 -dideoxycytidine (DDC) were determined after oral and intravenous administration in ten patients with AIDS or AIDS-related complex. A high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis procedure using cation exchange extraction columns was used to measure DDC levels as low as
A study of 177 baccalaureate nursing students was conducted to explore their knowledge, fears, beliefs and other attitudes regarding AIDS. Lazarus theory related to coping with threatening events provided the theoretical framework. Students with a high fear score were less willing to care for AIDS patients, had highe
Tri DL; Edmonds Family Medicine Clinic, Edmonds, Wash.
Because the incidence of AIDS continues to grow, affecting a greater number of the working population, the disease is also rapidly becoming a major issue for employers. AIDS has implications for employer decisions in the areas of hiring, termination, training, promotions, benefits, collective bargaining, health and sa
Schulman JA; Peyman GA; Department of Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University Medical; Center, Shreveport.
Cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex, and herpes zoster are responsible for the majority of cases of viral retinitis. Herpes zoster also has been strongly incriminated as a causal agent in acute retinal necrosis. Effective chemotherapy exists for retinitis caused by herpes simplex and herpes zoster, along with acute retina
Daicker B; University Eye Clinic, Basel, Switzerland.
The clinical history and the pathohistological findings of both eyes of a homosexual man with AIDS and cytomegalovirus ( CMV ) infection are reported. A CMV panuveitis with cytomegalic transformation of vascular endothelium was
Pediatr Med Chir. 1988 Jul-Aug;10(4):353-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/89160501
Fiocchi A; Zuccotti G; Pogliani L; Giovannini M; Clinica Pediatrica V, Istituto di Scienze Biomediche Ospedale San; Paolo, Universita degli Studi di Milano.
Pulmonary infections in children with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome are very common. The lung, having a very important immunological function (because in it a very important part of the secretory immunological system is present), is one of the more involved apparatus in the course of AIDS. We report 4 cases of pu
Pathol Res Pract. 1988 Dec;184(1):18-26. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/89160560
Seyda M; Scheele T; Neumann R; Krueger GR; Pathology Institute, University of Cologne, FRG.
We have compared the efficiency of biotinylated DNA probes and various visualization techniques with 35S-labeled DNA probes in routine paraffin sections from the pathology service; both autopsy and biopsy tissue were investigated. Probes included DNA genomic fragments from cytomegalovi
Cancer. 1989 Mar 15;63(6):1101-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/89135767
Formenti SC; Gill PS; Lean E; Rarick M; Meyer PR; Boswell W; Petrovich Z; Chak L; Levine AM; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Southern; California School of Medicine, Los Angeles.
Primary central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma is one of the clinical presentations of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Ten patients had biopsy-proven high-grade lymphomas that were confirmed by further staging as limited to the CNS. All ten patients received cranial irradiation (total dose, 2200 to 5000
Bovill DF; Norris TR; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California; School of Medicine, San Francisco.
Perioperative blood loss associated with 36 cases of major shoulder surgery in which an intraoperative autologous transfusion device was used was compared with a control group of 36 shoulder surgery patients to determine the effectiveness of intraoperative autologous transfusion (IAT). Total blood loss in this retrosp
Dan Med Bull. 1989 Feb;36(1):84-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/89136590
Schmidt KW; Krasnik A; Brendstrup E; Zoffmann H; Larsen SO; Department of Epidemiology, Statens Seruminstitut, Copenhagen.
To describe the occurrence of sexual behaviour involving increased risk of HIV-infection in a representative sample of Danish men, 16-55 years of age, a self-administered anonymous questionnaire was distributed in connection with a personal health interview and returned by mail. The response rate was 55% corresponding
Int J Cancer. 1989 Feb 15;43(2):250-3. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/89138708
Murphy EL; Hanchard B; Figueroa JP; Gibbs WN; Lofters WS; Campbell M; Goedert JJ; Blattner WA; Viral Epidemiology Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda,; MD 20892.
Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL), a malignancy of mature CD4-positive lymphocytes, has been etiologically linked to the human retrovirus HTLV-I. Although a long latent period is suggested from migrant studies, little prospective information on the risk of developing ATL among persons with HTLV-I infection is avail
Aboulafia D; Miles SA; Saks SR; Mitsuyasu RT; Division of Hematology-Oncology, UCLA Medical Center 90024.
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) has demonstrated antitumor activity against a variety of tumors and is particularly cytotoxic to capillary endothelial cells, which are the presumed cell of origin of Kaposi s sarcoma. We evaluated the toxicity and clinical antitumor and antiretroviral effects of recombinant TNF administere
Detels R; English P; Visscher BR; Jacobson L; Kingsley LA; Chmiel JS; Dudley JP; Eldred LJ; Ginzburg HM; Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study, National Institute of Allergy and; Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland.
A cohort of 2915 HIV-1-seronegative men from the four centers of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) was followed at 6 month intervals for 24 months to identify men who developed antibodies to HIV-1. Two hundred thirty-two men (8%) seroconverted. The highest attack rate was among men who reported practicing both
Lagakos SW; De Gruttola V; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health,; Boston, Massachusetts 02115.
Knowledge of the latency period between infection with HIV and the onset of clinical AIDS is important both to establish prognosis for infected individuals and to model the spread of HIV. This paper presents nonparametric analyses of conditional distribution of latency based on data from 1,206 persons who developed AI
Naucler A; Andreasson PA; Costa CM; Thorstensson R; Biberfeld G; Department of Immunology, National Bacteriological Laboratory,; Stockholm, Sweden.
During a 6-month period in 1987, we examined patients clinically suspected of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) at the national hospital in Bissau, the capital of Guinea-Bissau , and found 20 cases that fulfilled the criteria for AIDS. The two most prevalent major symp
J Med Chem. 1989 Mar;32(3):612-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/89141650
Chu CK; Schinazi RF; Ahn MK; Ullas GV; Gu ZP; Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of; Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens 30602.
The structure-activity relationships of several pyrimidine nucleosides related to 3 -azido-3 -deoxythymidine ( AZT ) were determined in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infected human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. These studies indicate
J Med Chem. 1989 Mar;32(3):618-22. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/89141651
Greengrass CW; Hoople DW; Street SD; Hamilton F; Marriott MS; Bordner J; Dalgleish AG; Mitsuya H; Broder S; Pfizer Central Research, Sandwich, Kent, United Kingdom.
1-(3-Cyano-2,3-dideoxy-beta-D-erythro-pentofuranosyl)thymine (cyanothymidine) (3a) has been prepared by an unambiguous route starting from D-xylose. The relative and absolute stereochemistry of 3a and its anomeric isomer 9 have been confirmed by NOE experiments and by X-ray diffraction analysis. In antiviral tests vs
J Med Chem. 1989 Mar;32(3):622-5. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/89141652
Palomino E; Kessel D; Horwitz JP; Michigan Cancer Foundation, Wayne State University School of; Medicine, Detroit 48201.
The present study evaluates the utility of the dihydropyridine in equilibrium pyridinium salt redox system for the specific delivery and sustained release of a model 2 ,3 -dideoxynucleoside to the brain of mice as the initial effort in a search for agents that may prove effective in reversing the complicating neurolog
el-Hazmi MA; Ramia S; Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine, King; Saud University, Riyadh.
Frequencies of hepatitis B, delta and human immune deficiency virus markers were investigated in multitransfused thalassaemic (212) and sickle-cell disease (173) patients from four different regions of Saudi Arabia . Irrespective of
JAMA. 1989 Mar 24-31;261(12):1745-50. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/89142036
Novick LF; Berns D; Stricof R; Stevens R; Pass K; Wethers J; New York State Department of Health, Albany 12237.
The prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection was determined in women at the time of childbirth throughout New York State between November 30, 1987, and November 30, 1988. Mandatory blood specimens (276,609) obtained from all newborns were examined for HIV. The overall HIV seroprevalence rate was 0.66
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Feb;86(4):1173-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/89145205
Kwoh DY; Davis GR; Whitfield KM; Chappelle HL; DiMichele LJ; Gingeras TR; SISKA Diagnostics, San Diego, CA 92138-9216.
The in vitro amplification of biologically important nucleic acids has proceeded principally by a strategy of DNA replication. Polymerase chain reaction was the first such protocol to achieve this goal. In this report, a transcription-based amplification system (TAS) is described. Each cycle of the TAS is composed of
Stat Med. 1989 Jan;8(1):103-20. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/89145805
Bongaarts J; Population Council, Center for Policy Studies, New York 10017.
The objective of the computer simulation model described here is to project, for periods up to one or more decades, the annual incidence and prevalence of HIV infection and AIDS in a population with given epidemiological, behavioural and demorgraphic characteristics. In addition, the epidemic s impact on a range of de
Stat Med. 1989 Jan;8(1):121-36. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/89145806
Tan WY; Hsu H; Department of Mathematical Sciences, Memphis State University,; Tennessee 38152.
In this paper we propose a stochastic model for the AIDS spread in a homosexual population. The probability generating function (PGF) of the numbers of latent persons, infective persons and AIDS cases is derived. By using the PGF, it is shown that the expected numbers and variances and covariances of these persons sat
Stat Med. 1989 Jan;8(1):137-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/89145807
Brandt EN; University of Maryland, Baltimore 21201.
Health policy issues associated with AIDS are complex and controversial, including health care, research priorities, education, testing and confidentiality. Modelling may provide information relevant to their solution. Estimates of the future numbers of symptomatic persons and of the mix of severity are necessary for
Stat Med. 1989 Jan;8(1):23-34. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/89145808
Brookmeyer R; Damiano A; Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore,; Maryland 21205.
Short-term projections of AIDS incidence are critical for assessing future health care needs. This paper focuses on the method of back-calculation for obtaining short-term projections. The approach consists of back-calculating from AIDS incidence data through use of the incubation period distribution to obtain estimat
Stat Med. 1989 Jan;8(1):3-21. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/89145809
Zeger SL; See LC; Diggle PJ; Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore,; Maryland 21205.
This article describes statistical methods for monitoring the epidemic of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). A log-linear model is proposed to estimate AIDS incidence and its growth rate while taking account of delays in case reporting. An empirical Bayes approach for estimating the epidemic growth rate in
Stat Med. 1989 Jan;8(1):35-43. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/89145810
De Gruttola V; Lagakos SW; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115.
Changes over time in the cumulative number of cases of AIDS depend in a complex way on several features of the epidemic, including the distribution of the induction time between infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and onset of symptoms of AIDS, heterogeneity in such behaviours as sexual practices, se
Stat Med. 1989 Jan;8(1):45-58. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/89145811
Taylor JM; Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of; California, Los Angeles 90024.
Statistical models of the HIV infection epidemic in the U.S. which account for the observed incidence of AIDS cases in the years 1978-1987 are considered. The models assume a known distribution of times from infection to AIDS. The best model estimates that there were approximately 563,000 to 1,110,000 individuals infe
Stat Med. 1989 Jan;8(1):59-81. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/89145812
Gail MH; Preston D; Piantadosi S; Biostatistics Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda,; Maryland 20892.
Epidemic models are developed to evaluate the potential benefits of voluntary confidential testing (VCT) for HIV. The number of tests required to prevent one case (called the economic ratio ER), and the number of cases prevented by the screening programme are calculated. Methods differ from commonly used epidemic mode
Stat Med. 1989 Jan;8(1):83-92. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/89145813
Eisenberg B; Department of Mathematics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA; 18015.
This paper analyses the probability of contracting the AIDS virus in relation to the number of sexual contacts and the number of different partners. It is shown that in the case of a fixed number n of sexual contacts there is the following ranking from least risk to greatest risk: 1. a monogamous relationship with a n
Stat Med. 1989 Jan;8(1):93-102. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/89145814
Wiley JA; Herschkorn SJ; Padian NS; Survey Research Center, University of California, Berkeley 94720.
Recent studies have indicated variation in the infectivity beta of HIV among heterosexual couples. We represent this heterogeneity by modelling beta as a random variable. Using data on the number of contacts and seroconversion of couples, we fit the model by maximum-likelihood estimation with a beta distribution and a
Schweiz Med Wochenschr. 1989 Jan 28;119(4):107-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/89146094
Chave JP; Francioli P; Departement de medecine interne, Centre hospitalier; universitaire vaudois, Lausanne.
To evaluate the burden that AIDS patients will impose on health care facilities, we evaluated the costs incurred for patients with stage-IV HIV infection followed up at the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV) from 1982 to 1987. Besides determination of these costs the study shows that management of these p
Fraulino LJ; Simpson BJ; AIDS Care Program, Yale-New Haven Hospital, CT 06504.
The AIDS epidemic presents the health care delivery system with a number of diverse and complex challenges. Some institutions will perceive the problems associated with this disease as being overwhelming and insurmontable. Others will be stimulated by the scientific and ethical issues presented. The need to strike a b
Hwang LY; Beasley RP; Busch MP; Lane PK; Vyas GN; School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Sciences; Center, Houston.
To determine the incidence of transfusion-associated human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection after routine screening of donated blood, a pilot study estimated the pretransfusion prevalence of HIV infection among blood product recipients in San Francisco. Among the 911 nonduplicate pretransfusion specimens from re
Einarsson M; Perenius L; McDougal JS; Cort S; KabiVitrum AB, Stockholm, Sweden.
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), isolated from cultures of infected peripheral blood lymphocytes, was added to solutions of highly purified antithrombin III (AT-III), which was stabilized with 1 M citrate and 17 percent sucrose. The efficiency of heat inactivation of HIV in AT-III at 60 degrees C was compared with
Ugeskr Laeger. 1989 Feb 13;151(7):447-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/89147045
Thorsen S
Two cases of fatal Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in middle aged homosexual men, not previously suspected of HIV-infection are presented. Neither had consciously considered himself at risk of contracting AIDS which emphasizes the need for differentiated information campaigns as well as vigilance on the part of the med
Am J Gastroenterol. 1989 Mar;84(3):313-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/89148177
Kotler DP; Wilson CS; Haroutiounian G; Fox CH; Department of Medicine, St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital Center, New; York.
Esophageal disease frequently complicates the course of the acquire immune deficiency syndrome. In two patients with unusual refractory esophageal ulcers, we were able to demonstrate the presence of human immunodeficiency virus RNA in lymphocytes and mononuclear cells from the ulcer base, using an in situ hybridizatio
Am J Gastroenterol. 1989 Mar;84(3):318-21. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/89148178
Kumar S; Schade RR; Peel R; Lehar SC; Joyce R; Van Thiel DH; Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, School of; Medicine, Pennsylvania.
A case of disseminated Kaposi s sarcoma (KS) in a 21-yr-old white heterosexual male with cryptogenic cirrhosis and no serological or immunological evidence of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is reported. The patient died 2 wk after diagnosis. Postmortem examination showed involvement of lymph nodes, liver,
Ann Thorac Surg. 1989 Feb;47(2):182-6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/89149185
Condit D; Frater RW; Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York.
The decision to operate on carriers of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) who need an urgent cardiac operation is difficult. There is a lack of knowledge about the effect of the presence of HIV on operative risk, about the effect of cardiopulmonary bypass on the progression of HIV infection to acquired immunodefic
Glaser JB; Strange TJ; Rosati D; Department of Medicine, Staten Island Hospital, NY 10305.
Patterns of heterosexual human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) spread among the middle class have not been previously reported. Thirty-nine (35 women and four men) heterosexual contacts of HIV-infected individuals were evaluated by a private infectious diseases practice located in a predominantly white middle-class borou
Barnes A; Blood Bank, Memorial Medical Center of Long Beach, CA 90801-1428.
Recognition that human immunodeficiency virus could be transmitted by blood transfusion has brought the practice of transfusion medicine into the public consciousness with great force. Patients are informed about the dangers of receiving a blood transfusion and are expressing their preferences about the source of the
Willett DE; Hassard, Bonnington, Rogers, and Huber, San Francisco.
Blood banks and transfusion services should anticipate that patients contracting transfusion-transmitted diseases will claim that these facilities have a duty to warn or notify patients of potential transfusion risks. Although physicians treating patients must secure informed consent by describing significant risks an
Burack JH; Mandel MS; Bizer LS; Department of Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center-Albert Einstein; College of Medicine, Bronx, NY.
We have reviewed the medical records of ten patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome who required emergency celiotomy in a three-year period. These operations are characterized by a high morbidity and mortality. Careful attention to the support of these immunosuppressed, malnourished patients if emergency oper
Gout O; Gessain A; Bolgert F; Saal F; Tournier-Lasserve E; Lasneret J; Caudie C; Brunet P; De-The G; Lhermitte F; et al; Neurology and Neuropsychology Clinic, Salpetriere Hospital,; Paris, France.
Chronic myelopathy associated with human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) has been described in HTLV-I endemic areas. In Paris, 167 neurologic patients were screened for HTLV-I by enzyme-linked immunosorbent, indirect immunofluorescent, and Western blot assays. Ten of the 11 patients with positive results had a ch
Portegies P; Epstein LG; Hung ST; de Gans J; Goudsmit J; Department of Neurology, University of Amsterdam, The; Netherlands.
Human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) antigen was assayed in paired serum/cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimen from 85 adults and 58 children with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and was compared with clinical neurological status. A quantitative comparison of HIV-1 antigen levels in matched serum and CSF specim
Kovner R; Perecman E; Lazar W; Hainline B; Kaplan MH; Lesser M; Beresford R; Department of Neurology, North Shore University Hospital,; Manhasset, NY 11030.
In view of the evidence that patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection experience reactive depression and anxiety, it is important to determine whether these factors might account for some of the cognitive deficiencies observed in this group, as is often the case in psychiatric populations. An extensive bat
Can Med Assoc J. 1989 Mar 15;140(6):597-602. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/89151197
Taylor KM; Shapiro M; Skinner HA; Eakin J; Kelner M; Department of Behavioural Science, Faculty of Medicine,; University of Toronto.
Attempts to comprehend physicians extreme reaction to AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) have met with great difficulty since the disease brings into question traditional norms and assumptions. As the medical profession struggles to develop guidelines and policies to help it deal with this disease, it can dra
Although a variety of cardiac abnormalities have been described in AIDS patients, it is unclear whether these are incidental findings or they presage clinically important heart disease. Also, because AIDS-related complex (ARC) is, in general, a milder form of AIDS, we wondered if echocardiographic abnormalities would
Lachman MF; Romeo R; McComb RB; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Hartford Hospital, CT 06115.
A 15-year-old girl with a four-month history of cardiac failure from undetermined cause was admitted to the hospital with weakness, fatigue, and weight loss. During her hospitalization she was found to have abused diet aids, laxatives, and cathartics. Although an electrocardiogram revealed nonspecific T-wave abnormali
Yanagihara ET; Nakamura J; Kimura L; Oishi N; Department of Pathology, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii; 96817.
Adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma (ATLL) is a distinct clinicopathologic entity etiologically linked to HTLV-I infection. We have identified five cases of retrovirus-associated ATLL among Hawaii-born first generation offspring (nisei) of migrant Japanese. Four patients were offspring of migrant Japanese (issei) who emigr
401 sera from patients of a rural hospital in Zimbabwe (1987), 211 South African sera (1982/83), as well as 460 sera from four Katmandu hospitals (1985) were tested for HIV-1 antibodies. The sera from Zimbabwe and
There are currently 1.5 million people in the United States infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. In the next five to ten years, this nation s health care facilities and medical schools could be inundated with staggering numbers of the sick and dying. Unless our osteopathic a
Rosenstein DI; Eigner TL; Levin MP; Chiodo GT; Department of Public Health Dentistry, School of Dentistry,; Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland 97201.
A case of rapidly progressive periodontal disease associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is presented. Rapid horizontal bone loss, with only moderate inflammation, occurred during a 13-month period. Pocket depth was significantly less than anticipated, given the degree of bone loss. The patient h
J Med Virol. 1989 Feb;27(2):170-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/89156815
Masuda T; Kannagi M; Nakamura M; Ohtani K; Hinuma Y; Harada S; Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Japan.
Large plaque-inducing clones were obtained from small plaque-inducing parental clones of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) by the plaque-cloning method. The cloned HIVs that formed large and small plaques were studied as follows: 1) infectivity was determined by the ratio of plaque-forming units (PFU) to reverse tran
Med Care. 1989 Mar;27(3 Suppl):S27-43. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/89158328
Kaplan RM; Anderson JP; Wu AW; Mathews WC; Kozin F; Orenstein D; Division of Health Care Sciences, University of California, San; Diego, La Jolla 92093.
The Quality of Well-being (QWB) Scale combines preference-weighted measures of symptoms and functioning to provide a numerical point in-time expression of well-being that ranges from zero (0) for death to 1.0 for asymptomatic optimum functioning. The QWB includes three scales of function: mobility, physical activity,
Nature. 1989 Mar 16;338(6212):251-3. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/89159411
Bacchetti P; Moss AR; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of; California, San Francisco 94143.
In a closed population, the distribution of AIDS diagnoses over time is the convolution of the distributions of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections and the incubation period. This has motivated estimates of the infection distribution, assuming known diagnosis and incubation distributions, but the usefulness
Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. 1989 Jan 21;133(3):123-6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/89159444
Beishuizen A; Derksen-Lubsen G; Los F; Neijens HJ; Rothbarth PH; Sinaasappel M
A four-month-old girl was hospitalized with pneumococcal sepsis from which she recovered. Subsequently she developed various other infectious diseases, including chronic diarrhoea caused by Cryptosporidium. After a period with neurological symptoms, later sagittal sinus thrombosis and cerebral atrophy, she died at age
Nord Med. 1989;104(3):80-2, 85. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/89160231
Olofsson M
Children suffering from HIV-infection is a serious and increasing problem all over the world. The pediatric AIDS cases are usually transmitted through vertical transmission from a HIV-infected mother to the fetus during pregnancy, but it is not possible before the age of 15 months to decide with certainty whether the
SenGupta DN; Silverman RH; Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the; Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814-4799.
Human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) leader RNA, which contains double-stranded regions due to inverted repeats, was shown to activate the dsRNA-dependent enzymes associated with the interferon system. HIV-1 leader RNA produced in vitro using SP6 RNA polymerase was characterized using probes for antisense and sense-
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Mar;86(5):1624-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/89160828
Gorny MK; Gianakakos V; Sharpe S; Zolla-Pazner S; Department of Pathology, New York University Medical Center, New; York 10016.
Based on the finding that cells producing antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) circulate in the peripheral blood of HIV-infected individuals, attempts were made to immortalize such B cells with Epstein-Barr virus. Mononuclear cells from 58 HIV-seropositive subjects at various stages of HIV infection were t
South Med J. 1989 Mar;82(3):386-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/89162131
Wang WC; Parham DM; Herrod HG; Hughes WT; Department of Hematology-Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research; Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105.
A 21-year-old black man with sickle cell disease who has received blood transfusions for 11 years because of recurrent stroke has had a decline in numbers of circulating lymphocytes and T4 cells over the past four years. Two and a half years ago persistent generalized lymphadenopathy developed, associated with a posit
The study concerns children born the years 1975-84. Only children in need of hearing aids are taken into account. The incidense was 1.08 per 1,000 live born children. The prevalens in January 1988 was 1.57 per 1,000 children, including 18 children moving into the city. The etiology among 75 children was 47% prenatal,
Jackson JB; Kwok SY; Hopsicker JS; Sannerud KJ; Sninsky JJ; Edson JR; Balfour HH Jr; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of; Minnesota, Minneapolis 55455.
In order to confirm the presence and determine the frequency of human immunodeficiency virus, type 1 (HIV-1) infection prior to antibody production, 23 healthy women with histories of repeated unprotected sexual exposure to HIV-1 infected hemophiliacs were tested for evidence of HIV-1 infection. Female subjects were t
A series of 170 patients with non-traumatic coma seen over a 16-month period is reported. The Glasgow coma scale significantly correlated with outcome (P less than 0.001). The diagnosis was also important in determining outcome. Hospital mortality was lowest in patients with cerebral malaria (22.7%), eclamptic coma (3
Ugeskr Laeger. 1989 Mar 6;151(10):613-6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/89162873
Fouchard JR; Schmidt KW; Krasnik A
In Denmark , AIDS has primarily affected men with homosexual behavior. In order to follow the occurrence and development in this group, the sero-epidemiological investigations which focus on the underlying HIV epidemic are reviewed.
Ugeskr Laeger. 1989 Mar 6;151(10):616-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/89162874
Ege P
HIV infection has spread rapidly among intravenous drug addicts. In Denmark , the infection is limited to Copenhagen where the prevalence is 10-25%. Improved supervision of this partial epidemic is essential. The measures instituted
Recker F; Marquardt K; Redha F; Uhlschmid G; Largiader F; Department of Urology, RWTH Aachen, Federal Republic of Germany.
The effect of cyclosporine A (CsA), an immunosuppressive agent used in transplantation, on wound healing following microsurgical neoimplantation of a ureter in the bladder of 63 SIV ZUR rats was examined morphologically using the light and scanning electron microscopes and functionally by radiography. Following ureter
Duvic M; Lowe L; Rapini RP; Rodriguez S; Levy ML; Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Health Science; Center, Houston.
The cutaneous manifestations of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome include infections and neoplasms resulting from the immunodeficient state. Seven patients presenting with the symptom of new eruptive nevi with dysplastic histologic findings are described. These patients noted multiple new moles, which occurred in
Cancer Res. 1989 Mar 1;49(5):1143-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/89135862
Shirakawa F; Tanaka Y; Oda S; Eto S; Yamashita U; First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Occupational; and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Kitakyushu, Japan.
In a previous study, we reported that adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) cells produce interleukin 1 (IL1)-like factors that stimulate murine thymocyte proliferation, the production of interleukin 2 (IL2), and the expression of IL2 receptors (IL2R) on normal human T-cells in the presence of concanavalin A. In this communicat
J Immunol. 1989 Mar 1;142(5):1457-62. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/89140328
Sleckman BP; Bigby M; Greenstein JL; Burakoff SJ; Sy MS; Division of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute,; Boston, MA.
CD4 (T4) is a 60 kD glycoprotein expressed on a subset of T lymphocytes. CD4 augments T cell responses to suboptimal Ag stimulation. In addition, the CD4 molecule is the receptor for HIV-1. CD4 is phosphorylated on serine residues within the cytoplasmic domain and its cell surface expression is decreased in response t
Jeannet M; Sztajzel R; Carpentier N; Hirschel B; Tiercy JM; Unite d'Immunologie de Transplantation, Hopital Cantonal; Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland.
HLA-A, -B, -C, -DR, and -DQ antigens were determined by serology and in cases of severe lymphopenia by RFLP-DNA typing in 51 Caucasians with a diagnosis of AIDS (32 with opportunistic infections and 19 with secondary cancers). In addition, 86 HIV-1 seropositive and 39 HIV-1 seronegative drug abusers and 148 healthy co
Scannell KA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, San; Francisco.
People with human immunodeficiency virus disease (HIVD) frequently present to surgical services for consideration of surgical therapies. They may be counseled by physicians who introduce into the decision-making process their personal fear of contagion, uncertainty about potential therapeutic benefits of surgery for p
Lang W; Perkins H; Anderson RE; Royce R; Jewell N; Winkelstein W Jr; Children's Hospital of San Francisco, California.
CD4 and CD8 T lymphocytes of three groups of men infected by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) were examined twice yearly for 36 months to elucidate the temporal trends in T lymphocytes during infection. The three groups were 37 HIV seroconverters, 304 prevalent HIV seropositives remaining free of the acquired im
Melmed RN; Taylor JM; Detels R; Bozorgmehri M; Fahey JL; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Jonsson Comprehensive; Cancer Center, UCLA School of Medicine 90024-1747.
Serum neopterin is a metabolite of dihydroneopterin triphosphate, which is produced from GTP during immune activation. A study was undertaken in homosexual male subjects followed at 6 month intervals for 3 or more years to determine the value of serum neopterin changes induced by HIV infection. The significance of ser
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Feb;86(4):1128-32. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/89145197
Niederman TM; Thielan BJ; Ratner L; Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine,; Saint Louis, MO 63110.
The negative factor (nef) of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 acts to down-regulate virus replication. To decipher the step in the virus life cycle affected by nef, functional proviral clones with (pHIV F-) or without (pHIV F+) a deletion mutation in the nef gene were constructed. In CD4+ cells, 30- to 50-fol
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Feb;86(4):1287-91. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/89145227
Rodriguez D; Rodriguez JR; Rodriguez JF; Trauber D; Esteban M; Department of Biochemistry, State University of New York Health; Science Center, Brooklyn 11203.
An attenuated vaccinia virus mutant with specific genetic lesions has been used to develop a vehicle for safer live recombinant virus vaccines. The mutant virus 48-7 has an 8-MDa deletion starting 2.2 MDa from the left end of the viral genome and point mutations in the gene encoding the 14-kDa fusion protein that dete
Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1989 Feb 15;158(3):943-50. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/89149818
Montefiori DC; Pellegrino MG; Robinson WE Jr; Engle K; Field M; Mitchell WM; Gillespie DH; Vanderbilt University, Department of Pathology, Nashville,; Tennessee 37232.
The antiviral activity of mismatched dsRNA of the form poly(I):poly(C12-U)n (Ampligen) against the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) was investigated by RNA-RNA and RNA-DNA hybridizations. Mismatched dsRNA delayed the appearance of newly transcribed HIV-1 RNA as detected by liquid dot-blot hybridization in c
Porwit A; Bottiger B; Pallesen G; Bodner A; Biberfeld P; Department of Pathology, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
Lymph node biopsies from 75 HIV infected patients (71 homo- and bisexual men, 3 hemophiliacs and 1 woman) were studied using immunohistochemical methods with monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) against B lymphocytes, subsets of T lymphocytes, follicular dendritic cells (FDC) and HIV gag proteins p24 and p18. Histopathologica
J Med Virol. 1989 Jan;27(1):7-12. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/89156798
Alesi DR; Ajello F; Lupo G; Vitale F; Portera M; Spadaro F; Romano N; Istituto d'Igiene G. D'Alessandro, Universita degli Studi di; Palermo, Italy.
An assay based on inhibition of cytopathic effect of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) strains in Molt 4 cells was developed to quantitate neutralizing antibodies (NA) in sera of HIV-infected individuals. The assay was specific and gave results comparable to those obtained by the inhibition of immunofluorescence (IFI
Nature. 1989 Mar 16;338(6212):254-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/89159412
Malim MH; Hauber J; Le SY; Maizel JV; Cullen BR; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University Medical Center,; Durham, North Carolina 27710.
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication requires the expression of two classes of viral mRNA. The early class of HIV-1 transcripts is fully spliced and encodes viral regulatory gene products. The functional expression of one of these nuclear regulatory proteins, termed Rev (formerly Art or Trs), induce
Nature. 1989 Mar 16;338(6212):257-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/89159413
Veillette A; Bookman MA; Horak EM; Samelson LE; Bolen JB; Laboratory of Tumor Virus Biology, National Cancer Institute,; Bethesda, Maryland 20892.
The CD4 T-cell surface antigen is an integral membrane glycoprotein of relative molecular mass 55,000 which binds class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules expressed on antigen presenting cells (APCs). It is thought to stabilize physical interactions between T cells and APCs (for a review, see ref. 1).
Ohtani K; Nakamura M; Saito S; Nagata K; Sugamura K; Hinuma Y; Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Japan.
Conditions were developed for stable introduction of foreign DNA into human lymphoid cell lines by electroporation. To introduce stably the p40 gene of human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) into the human lymphoid cell line Jurkat, the p40 expressing plasmid, pMAXRHneo-1, which carries the neo resistant gene, wa
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Mar;86(5):1495-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/89160805
Felber BK; Hadzopoulou-Cladaras M; Cladaras C; Copeland T; Pavlakis GN; National Cancer Institute-Frederick Cancer Research Facility,; Bionetics, Inc.-Basic Research Program, MD 21701-1013.
rev (trs/art) is an essential human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) regulatory protein. rev increases the levels of the gag- and env-producing mRNAs via a cis-acting element in the env region of HIV-1, named rev-responsive element. Our results show that rev increases the stability of the unspliced viral mRNA, wh
Am J Med Sci. 1989 Mar;297(3):174-5. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/89164314
Collins J; Pien FD; Houk JH; Department of Medicine, University of Hawaii, John A. Burns; School of Medicine, Honolulu.
Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus occurred following intravenous pentamidine treatment of two AIDS patients with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Both patients also experienced drug-induced nephrotoxicity. Patients receiving pentamidine must be observed for multisystem dysfunction, including the onset of severe diabe
Am J Ophthalmol. 1989 Mar 15;107(3):218-28. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/89164372
Rao NA; Zimmerman PL; Boyer D; Biswas J; Causey D; Beniz J; Nichols PW; Estell Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles CA 90033.
We studied the clinical and histopathologic features of Pneumocystis carinii choroiditis in three patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. In two cases, a provisional diagnosis of disseminated P. carinii infection was made by ophthalmologic examination. The characteristic fundus changes in this infection cons
Participant observation has long been utilized as a valuable research methodology in the study of illicit drug abuse. It should not be viewed in isolation, but seen as an essential complement to the quantitative analysis of trends in drug use, such as epidemiological studies and the monitoring of services for drug use
A review is presented of the association between the sex industry and the use and misuse of alcohol and illicit drugs. It is concluded that both the latter are associated with high risk sexual activities and that heavy drinking and illicit drug use are commonplace amongst prostitutes and their clients. Outside Afric
Buck BE; Malinin TI; Brown MD; Department of Surgery, University of Miami School of Medicine, FL; 33101.
The possibility of transplanting a bone allograft from a donor infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is remote, provided there is a combination of rigorous donor selection and exclusion, screening for the HIV antigen and antibody, and histopathologic studies of donor tissues. The chance of obtaining a bone
East Afr Med J. 1989 Jan;66(1):69-73. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/89136836
Joshi MD; Gathua SN; Okelo GB; Lule GN; Musewe AO
A case of cryptococcal hepatitis is described in a patient with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection. There has been no previous reports of this in the East African literature. A review of world literature showed that the entity of cryptococcal hepatitis is very rare.
Emerg Med Clin North Am. 1989 Feb;7(1):103-15. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/89136868
Wasserberger J; Ordog GJ; Dang C; Schlater TL; Charles R. Drew/University of Medicine and Science, UCLA School; of Medicine.
The best candidates for a community hospital emergency room thoracotomy are those victims who have decompensated following small-caliber gunshot wounds or stab wounds to the chest or abdomen who initially had signs of life in transport to the hospital or in the Emergency Department. Some of these patients can be succe
Hosp Community Psychiatry. 1989 Mar;40(3):250-60. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/89138344
Ellison JM; Hughes DH; White KA; Cambridge Hospital, Massachusetts 02139.
A review of trends in emergency psychiatry since 1981 indicates that the scope and complexity of the field have greatly increased. Clinicians have found it useful to identify patient groups with special assessment and treatment needs, including adolescents, the elderly, victims of rape and of domestic violence, and re
Temin HM; McArdle Laboratory, University of Wisconsin, Madison.
The HIV epidemic is similar to previous human epidemics, and our early responses to the HIV epidemic have likewise been similar. Furthermore, HIV is similar to other single-stranded RNA viruses in its evolution. Like other RNA viruses, HIV has a high mutation rate and thus evolves rapidly. This rapid evolution may mak
Nature. 1989 Feb 16;337(6208):615-20. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/89143718
Navia MA; Fitzgerald PM; McKeever BM; Leu CT; Heimbach JC; Herber WK; Sigal IS; Darke PL; Springer JP; Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Merck Sharp and Dohme; Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065.
The crystal structure of the protease of the human immunodeficiency virus type (HIV-1), which releases structural proteins and enzymes from viral polyprotein products, has been determined to 3 A resolution. Large regions of the protease dimer, including the active site, have structural homology to the family of microb
Andiman WA; Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New; Haven, CT 06510.
Serologic diagnosis of HIV infection in infants and children is made especially difficult by the universal presence of maternal antibodies in blood during the first year of life, technical difficulties associated with the measurement of virus-specific IgM antibodies (except, perhaps, when the mother and, hence, the ch
McNamara JG; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of; Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510.
The spectrum of HIV-related immunologic dysfunction in children and adults is very broad. Recent advances in our understanding of the molecular basis for this disease has led to insights into the pathophysiologic mechanisms responsible for the immunologic deterioration characteristic of HIV infection. It is clear that
Kelley RE; Bell L; Kelley SE; Lee SC; Department of Neurology, University of Miami School of Medicine,; Florida 33136.
To determine the importance of syphilis testing in cerebrovascular disease, we prospectively assessed 218 consecutive patients with either transient ischemic attack or completed stroke. The results from this study group were compared with those from a control group of 150 neurological patients without cerebrovascular
Meyer AA; University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.
The consequences of AIDS and HIV infection on society, medical care in general, and surgery in particular are considerable, and will continue to grow. Major problems facing surgeons will be how and when to provide appropriate care for AIDS patients, and protection of themselves and all health care personnel from occup
Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1989 Feb;40(2):213-26. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/89148569
Lo SC; Shih JW; Yang NY; Ou CY; Wang RY; Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, American Registry of; Pathology, Washington, DC.
A novel virus-like infectious agent (VLIA), obtained by direct transfection of DNA from Kaposi s sarcoma of a patient with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), was transmissible from culture to culture by cell-free filtrate. VLIA contained an outer limiting membrane and had a buoyant density of 1.17-1.20 g/ml i
Blumberg N; Heal JM; Department of Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center,; NY 14642.
For some time it has been known that allogeneic blood transfusions have immunologic effects on animal and human recipients. These effects include increased numbers of suppressor T cells, decreased natural killer-cell function, decreased function of macrophages and monocytes, induction of anti-idiotypic antibodies that
Cantani A; Universite de Rome La Sapienza, Division d'Allergologie, Italie.
The spectrum of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) has broadened to include children. A review of the literature revealed 720 pediatric patients with AIDS, 558 of whom in the US and 162 in Europe. Based on these data, relevant and practically oriented information is given concerning epidemiology, clinical p
Wachter RM; Luce JM; Lo B; Raffin TA; Robert Wood Johnson Clinical Scholars Program, Stanford; University 94305.
Physicians increasingly are being called upon to make difficult decisions about intensive care for patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). AIDS patients who require intensive care have a poor prognosis; the in-hospital mortality rate of those receiving mechanical ventilation for P carinii pneumoni
Addy M; Moran J; Department of Periodontology, University of Wales College of; Medicine, Cardiff, UK.
A CPC-detergent formulation in a foam vehicle, was compared with a fluoride toothpaste for its ability to prevent plaque and gingivitis over a period of 12 days. Whilst refraining from all other oral hygiene procedures, the foam or toothpaste was applied to the teeth in fluoride application trays, in a group of 14 vol
Verrusio AC; Council on Dental Research, American Dental Association, Chicago.
The possibility of transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) to health care workers with occupational exposure to infected patients has caused concern since the beginning of the AIDS crisis. This report summarizes both national surveillance data for AIDS among health care workers and the results of prospe
Kosaka M; Iishi Y; Horiuchi N; Nakao K; Okagawa K; Saito S; Minami Y; Katoh K; First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine,; University of Tokushima.
Since we had experience of eight patients with adult T-cell leukemia lymphoma from 130 cases of non-Hodgkin s lymphoma between 1978 and 1986, a sero-epidemiological survey of anti human lymphotropic virus type-I (HTLV-I) antibody was performed using a gelatin particle agglutination
Labauge R; Pages M; Blard JM; Coubes P; Onnient Y; Clinique Neurologique Centre Medico-Chirurgical Gui de Chauliac; Montpellier.
An acute polyradiculoneuritis with tetraplegia and respiratory failure was observed in a 27 year-old heroin addict 3 hours after an intravenous injection of heroin. Full recovery was obtained after respiratory assistance and plasma exchanges. The biological and morphological changes (sural nerve biopsy) suggested an i
South Med J. 1989 Mar;82(3):352-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/89162121
Vomvouras S; Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Va.
This paper reviews the proposed etiology and epidemiology of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). It summarizes the psychiatric symptoms associated with members of high-risk groups, patients who have AIDS-related complex (ARC) or AIDS, and patients who are seropositive yet asymptomatic. It differentiates bet
Pugliese G; Lampinen T; Division of Quality Control Management, American Hospital; Association, Chicago, IL 60611.
The prevention of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is a major responsibility of health care professionals. This paper deals with the virus itself--its history and prevalent modes of transmission. The low risk of HIV transmission in health care settings and through casual contact is emphasized. A discussion
Lepage P; Batungwanayo J; Van de Perre P; Department of Paediatrics, Centre Hospitalier de Kigali, Rwanda.
An African girl born to an HIV seropositive mother was seropositive during the neonatal period, became seronegative, and was again found to be seropositive at 18 and 20 months of age. We suggest that seronegative children born to seropositive mothers should be followed up for months or even years before HIV infection
Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1989 Feb 28;159(1):87-94. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE GENBANK/M24553
Louis JM; Wondrak EM; Copeland TD; Smith CA; Mora PT; Oroszlan S; Division of Cancer Biology and Diagnosis, National Cancer; Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.
The 297bp HIV-1 protease gene was constructed from five discrete synthetic fragments and expressed in E. coli. A soluble protein product of 11.5 Kd was detected by immunoblotting using protease specific antisera. A quantitative assay system, utilizing a synthetic nonapeptide spanning the cleavage site between p17-p24
Roux-Lombard P; Modoux C; Cruchaud A; Dayer JM; Department of Medicine, University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland.
The production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) and interleukin 1 (IL-1) was measured in supernatants of cultured peripheral blood monocytes that were obtained from patients with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV 1) infection and that were purified by counterflow centrifugal elutriation (86-92% purity
Croxson TS; Chapman WE; Miller LK; Levit CD; Senie R; Zumoff B; Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Medical Center, New York; 10003.
Serum total testosterone, total 17 beta-estradiol, LH, FSH, and PRL concentrations were measured by RIA in 59 homosexual men infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (32 clinically healthy antibody-positive men (HH+), 20 men with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), and 7 men with AIDS-related complex (AR
Lefrere JJ; Courouce AM; Lambin P; Fine JM; Doinel C; Salmon C; Institut National de Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, France.
Biological markers of HIV infection were studied in 17 asymptomatic HIV seropositive subjects in the 12 months preceding the onset of the disease. No single marker of HIV infection preceded the development of AIDS. Therefore, the clinical care of asymptomatic seropositive subjects should include a number of tests to e
Youle MS; Hawkins DA; Lawrence AG; Tenant-Flowers M; Shanson DC; Gazzard BG; Department of Genito-Urinary Medicine, St. Stephen's Hospital,; London, U.K.
Fusidic acid has previously been noted to prevent syncytial formation by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in vitro. Since this drug is a cheap, usually well-tolerated substance with known toxicity profile, an open, uncontrolled trial was undertaken to evaluate its possible efficacy in HIV disease. Twenty HIV antibod
Menitove JE; Blood Center of Southeastern Wisconsin, Milwaukee 53233.
One of the medical director s primary roles in safety of transfusion practice involves promoting the appropriate use of blood and blood components. The medical director also has a direct role in establishing donor screening and blood testing procedures aimed at decreasing the risk of transfusion-transmitted diseases.
Hofmann B; Moller J; Langhoff E; Jakobsen KD; Odum N; Dickmeiss E; Ryder LP; Thastrup O; Scharff O; Foder B; et al; Department of Clinical Immunology, University Hospital,; Copenhagen, Denmark.
We have studied whether the decreased lymphocyte proliferative responses of AIDS lymphocytes to stimulation by mitogens and antigens may be overcome when challenged with a combination of calcium ionophore A23187 and phorbol ester PMA. Comparison of the proliferative response of lymphocytes from nine patients with AIDS
Two infants with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, encephalopathy, intrathecal anti-HIV IgG antibody production and (in one case) the presence of HIV antigen received monthly doses of intravenous gammaglobulin (IVGG) and daily antimicrobial prophylaxis starting at the ages of 6 and 9 months respectively. T
Sahai J; Berry AJ; Department of Infectious Disease Pharmacotherapy, Medical College; of Virginia, Richmond 23298-0581.
Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) is the most common opportunistic infection in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Eflornithine is an antiprotozoal agent active against P. carinii. It acts by inhibiting ornithine decarboxylase, an enzyme that is essential for cellular function. The drug is ini
Public Health Rep. 1989 Jan-Feb;104(1):2-11. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/89161091
Schilling RF; Schinke SP; Nichols SE; Zayas LH; Miller SO; Orlandi MA; Botvin GJ; Columbia University School of Social Work, New York, NY 10025.
More than 8 of 10 intravenous drug users infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are black or Hispanic. Recognizing that sociocultural factors affect HIV transmission, public health officials have called for interventions designed for ethnic-racial minority groups. Considered in this paper are the nature
Public Health Rep. 1989 Jan-Feb;104(1):75-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/89161099
Haven GG; Stolz JW; School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia.
Adolescents are at high risk for developing acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) because of their sexual curiosity and exploration, drug experimentation, and lack of knowledge. At present, the only way to reduce this risk is through education. In an effort to increase AIDS education among adolescents, a program c
Boitard C; Bach JF; Service d'Immunologie Clinique, Hopital Necker, Paris, France.
Recent progress in understanding of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of an increasing number of diseases involving immunologic effector mechanisms and the broadening of indications for allograft transplantation have considerably expanded the use of immunosuppressive drugs in clinical medicine. A new therapeutic situati
Uribe-Botero G; Prichard JG; Kaplowitz HJ; Division of Laboratory Medicine, M.D. Anderson Hospital and Tumor; Institute, Houston, Texas 77030.
Fifty-one bone marrow aspirates and biopsies from 47 human immunodeficiency virus-(HIV) infected patients (42 with acquired immune deficiency syndrome [AIDS], 5 with AIDS-related complex [ARC]) were processed by standard methods for smears and paraffin sections. Aspirates were cultured for Mycobacteria. The sections,
Meisenhelder JB; LaCharite CL; New England Deaconess Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
The threat of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) has triggered an affective stress response to illness: fear of contagion, an anxious response to the perceived threat of catching a disease. Three behaviors characterize this fear: avoidance, extreme precautions, and verbal expressions of fear regarding the disea
Br Dent J. 1989 Feb 25;166(4):136. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/89150165
Smith CJ
The provision of dental care for members of the population infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and those with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), has wide implications for methods of dental practice, professional ethics, dental education at all levels, and the interaction between the denta
DiAngelis AJ; Martens LV; Little JW; Hastreiter RJ; Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis.
In 1986, a survey of all licensed Minnesota dentists (N = 2,752) was conducted to determine current infection control practices. In 1987, the survey was repeated with a 45% random sample of all Minnesota dentists (N = 1,357) to monitor changes in such practices during 1 year. The findings indicate that dentists made d
Cook H; Peoples J; Paden M; Valley Medical Center, Fresno, CA.
A review of the clinical characteristics of heroin addiction and parameters surrounding outpatient and inpatient care of patients afflicted with heroin dependency is presented. A case report demonstrating the difficulties encountered when one elects to treat the heroin addict is included.
Exact cost analysis related to an exemplary case of AIDS disease at the university hospital of Frankfurt. There have been calculated the hospital and out patient care costs according to a completely documented case study. The calculation of the indirect costs does concern the payment of sickness benefit as well as soc
Registered Prostitutes are seen weekly for medical examination in the STD-Clinic of the Public Health Office Vienna. 1987 no syphilis was seen in this special riskgroup. The incidence of both gonorrhoe and chlamydial infection was. Chlamydias were found 1.6 times more, as gonococcal infections. There was no evidence o
Fourteen Rhesus-positive patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura or thrombocytopenia associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection were treated with intravenous Rhesus antibodies. The mean total dose was 6,800 micrograms administered over a 3 to 6 days period. A significant rise in platelet c
Weiss L; Fischer E; Haeffner-Cavaillon N; Jouvin MH; Appay MD; Bariety J; Kazatchkine M; Unite d'Immunopathologie, Hopital Broussais, Paris, France.
The human complement system is comprised of 19 plasma components and regulatory proteins and of at least 9 distinct cellular receptors for these proteins or their activation fragments. The important role of complement in host defense against infection is related to its capacity to opsonize microorganisms, lyze target
Am J Ophthalmol. 1989 Mar 15;107(3):229-35. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/89164373
Freeman WR; Chen A; Henderly DE; Levine AM; Luttrull JK; Urrea PT; Arthur J; Rasheed S; Cohen JL; Neuberg D; et al; Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Diego; School of Medicine.
We performed ophthalmologic examinations on 127 subjects with or at risk for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection over a one-year period to determine the prevalence and significance of retinal cotton-wool spots and hemorrhages (AIDS-related retinal microvasculopathy). Of 26 asymptomatic homosexual men, of whom
Ann Allergy. 1989 Mar;62(3):177-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/89164933
White MV; Haddad ZH; Brunner E; Sainz C; Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of Southern; California, School of Medicine, Los Angeles.
In three of eight patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome the Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia treated with intravenous trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole, drug-related reactions occurred 9, 10, and 13 days after therapy. The symptom complex consisted of a maculopapular eruption, fever, eosinophilia, and leukop
Coldiron BM; Bergstresser PR; Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Southwestern; Medical Center, Dallas 75235.
We examined 100 serial patients who were receiving care in a county outpatient immunodeficiency clinic and whose serum was positive by Western blot test for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Skin disorders were found in 92% of these HIV-infected patients, with little difference in prevalence or severity in three
Quackenbush SL; Mullins JI; Hoover EA; Department of Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins; 80523.
The identification and molecular cloning of a feline leukemia virus (FeLV) isolate (FeLV-FAIDS) that consistently produces immunodeficiency syndrome has allowed prospective investigation of events that occur in the prodromal phase of disease. Using a T-lymphocyte colony forming assay (T-CFU-Ic) we have demonstrated th
Blood. 1989 Feb 15;73(3):792-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/89135012
Knowles DM; Inghirami G; Ubriaco A; Dalla-Favera R; Department of Pathology, Columbia University College of; Physicians and Surgeons, New York 10032.
Each of three individuals with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) developed a pleomorphic malignant neoplasm in which a precise histopathologic diagnosis could not be rendered. In each case, the tumor cells expressed leukocyte common antigen and a variable constellation of antigens associated with B- and T-cell
Vinters HV; Kwok MK; Ho HW; Anders KH; Tomiyasu U; Wolfson WL; Robert F; Department of Pathology, UCLA School of Medicine.
Clinicopathological features of infection of the nervous system by cytomegalovirus ( CMV ) in 31 patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) are reviewed. Neuropathology was variable, ranging from rare isolated
J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1989 Jan 15;194(2):253-5. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/89139166
Shelton GH; Abkowitz JL; Linenberger ML; Russell RG; Grant CK; FeLV Referral Clinic, Pacific Northwest Research Foundation,; Seattle, WA 98122.
Leukopenia attributable to lymphopenia and neutropenia was detected over a 28-week period in a 12-year-old domestic cat infected with feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV). Mild normocytic, normochronic anemia also was evident. Platelet counts were normal, and serum biochemical values were unremarkable. Antibodies to FI
J Immunol. 1989 Mar 1;142(5):1506-11. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/89140336
Siliciano RF; Knall C; Lawton T; Berman P; Gregory T; Reinherz EL; Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of; Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205.
The HIV envelope glycoprotein gp120 binds with high affinity to CD4 and is responsible for the tropism of HIV for CD4+ T cells and monocytes. Efforts to develop HIV vaccines have focused on gp120 and, therefore, a detailed molecular understanding of human immune responses to gp120 is essential. In this report, we have
Modrow S; Hoflacher B; Mellert W; Erfle V; Wahren B; Wolf H; Max von Pettenkofer-Institut, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat,; Munchen, F.R.G.
Following computer-assisted analysis of the amino acid sequence of various HIV-1 isolates, we synthesized a series of oligopeptides derived from variable and conserved regions of the envelope protein complex gp120/gp41. The peptides were used in ELISA tests for their reactivity with human antisera from HIV-1 positive
Ouattara SA; Meite M; Cot MC; de-The G; Pasteur Institute, Cocody University Hospital, Abidjan, Ivory; Coast.
The testing for human immune deficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) antibodies of 794 sera collected in July-August 1985 in the four regions of Korhogo, Bondoukou, Man, and Bouake in Ivory Coast and the collection and testing for HIV-1 and HIV-2 antibodies of 1,126 sera collected in
This report describes the necropsy findings in 3 cats with a natural T-lymphotropic Lentivirus (FTLV) infection. The changes are compared with the immunodeficiency syndrome of humans and monkeys. Furthermore, the pathogenicity of the FTLV and the significance of a dual infection with FTLV and Spumavirus is discussed.
Science. 1989 Feb 17;243(4893):928-31. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/89146134
Weber IT; Miller M; Jaskolski M; Leis J; Skalka AM; Wlodawer A; Crystallography Laboratory, NCI-Frederick Cancer Research; Facility, MD 21701.
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) encodes a protease that is essential for viral replication and is a member of the aspartic protease family. The recently determined three-dimensional structure of the related protease from Rous sarcoma virus has been used to model the smaller HIV-1 dimer. The active site has be
Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 1989 Feb 10;109(4):433-5. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/89146724
Flaegstad T
Numerous viruses are known to cause chronic infections in humans. Such infections are clinically important because of their association with a variety of disorders. The article reviews the mechanisms and clinical importance of such viruses, using Herpes simplex virus, Epstein-Barr virus and human immunodeficiency viru
Monos DS; Frank TS; Senior MB; Gadson M; Zmijewski CM; Prystowsky MB; Goodman DB; Department of Pathology, University of Pennsylvania Medical; School, Philadelphia.
Four patients with a history of multiple blood transfusions who awaited renal transplantation were tested for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and found to be positive on enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and negative on Western blot. None of these patients had any clinical evidence of HIV infection. Absorption of
Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1989 Feb 15;158(3):973-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/89149822
Yoshiyama H; Kajii T; Yamamoto N; Kobayashi N; Dept. of Virology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Yamaguchi; University, Japan.
The rate of multinucleated giant cell formation by the fusion of HIV chronically infected human T-cells (MOLT-4/HIV) and HIV uninfected MOLT-4 cells was examined under various pH conditions. The number of giant cells formed under the different pH conditions was quantitatively monitored by MULTISIZER. The rate of giant
Some generalizations can be drawn from a review of virus-associated bone marrow failure. The story of B19 parvovirus illustrates that viral infection may be an occult cause of marrow failure. Although the epidemiology of transient aplastic crisis suggested a viral aetiology, the implication of a single virus was surpr
Van den Berg F; Schipper M; Jiwa M; Rook R; Van de Rijke F; Tigges B; Department of Pathology AMC, University of Amsterdam, The; Netherlands.
The presence of cytomegalovirus ( CMV ) was analysed in either lymph node or skin and lung tissue necropsy specimens affected by Kaposi s sarcoma, from 10 patients who had died of AIDS. The different detection techniques used w
J Med Virol. 1989 Jan;27(1):13-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/89156787
Ushijima H; Honma H; Ohnoda H; Mukoyama J; Oyanagi H; Araki K; Shinozaki T; Morikawa S; Kitamura T; Department of Enteroviruses, National Institute of Health, Tokyo,; Japan.
Immune responses to individual simian rotavirus (SA 11) structural polypeptides were studied with emphasis on specific IgG, IgM, and IgA in paired sera from four children with rotavirus infections. Responses to simian rotavirus (SA 11) were also studied in 103 healthy children, 10 patients with primary immunodeficienc
J Med Virol. 1989 Jan;27(1):19-24. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/89156788
Tozzi V; Britton S; Ehrnst A; Lenkei R; Strannegard O; Central Microbiological Laboratory, Stockholm County Council,; Sweden.
The susceptibility to HIV infection of 14 B-cell lines established from five healthy HIV seronegative and from six HIV seropositive subjects by lymphocyte transformation with EBV and/or by lymphocyte cultivation with cyclosporin A was studied. Although the cell lines contained different proportions of CD4-positive cel
J Med Virol. 1989 Feb;27(2):81-6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/89156816
Farci P; Novick DM; Lai ME; Orgiana G; De Gioannis D; Coiana A; Strazzera A; Marongiu F; Balestrieri A; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cagliari, Italy.
To investigate whether the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection or the abuse of narcotic drugs or other viral infections may be responsible for immunologic abnormalities in parenteral drug abusers, sera from 168 consecutive individual patients were collected from 1985 to 1986. The sera were tested for antibody
Uchida T; Midorikawa J; Takeda H; Shichishima T; Higuchi T; Yui T; Kimura H; Matsuda S; Kariyone S; First Department of Internal Medicine, Fukushima Medical College.
A case of signet cell carcinoma associated with AIDS is presented. A 50-year old Japanese man with hemophilia A was suffering from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, the result of multiple injections of clotting factor concentrates. A diagnosis of signet cell carcinoma of the stomach was reached upon endosc
Significant contributions from many different groups during the last 2 or 3 years have characterized relatively uniform neuropathological changes of the CNS in AIDS patients. They feature human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-induced multinucleated giant cells as a histopathological hallmark and HIV demonstrable by elect
Georgsson G; Houwers DJ; Palsson PA; Petursson G; Institute for Experimental Pathology, University of Iceland,; Reykjavik.
Icelandic sheep were infected by intracerebral inoculation with visna virus strains of increased neurovirulence. The character and severity of pathological lesions were studied in brains from four sheep that developed clinical signs 5 to 12 weeks after infection. Viral antigens were identified by immunostaining using
Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1989 Feb 28;159(1):61-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/89165885
Balzarini J; De Clercq E; Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit; Leuven, Belgium.
The 2 ,3 -dideoxyriboside (ddDAPR), 2 ,3 -didehydro-2 ,3 -dideoxyriboside (ddeDAPR) and 3 -azido-2 ,3 -dideoxyriboside (AzddDAPR) of 2,6-diaminopurine have been previously recognized as potent inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus replication. These compounds are also potent inhibitors of adenosine deaminase and
Int J Cancer. 1989 Feb 15;43(2):195-200. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/89138698
Cardoso EA; Robert-Guroff M; Franchini G; Gartner S; Moura-Nunes JF; Gallo RC; Terrinha AM; Laboratorio de Virologia, Instituto Portugues de Oncologia,; Lisbon.
The prevalence of antibodies to HTLV-I in 5,475 Portuguese from 6 regions spanning the country was studied. Overall seroprevalence was 0.55%, indicating that Portugal is not an endemic area for this virus. Seropositives were distrib
Int J Cancer. 1989 Feb 15;43(2):327-33. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/89138721
Gessain A; Saal F; Morozov V; Lasneret J; Vilette D; Gout O; Emanoil-Ravier R; Sigaux F; de The G; Peries J; Institut de Recherches sur les Maladies du Sang, Retrovirus et; Retrotransposons des Vertebres, CNRS Hopital, Saint-Louis,; France.
Lymphoid cell lines derived from the peripheral blood of French West Indian patients with HTLV-I sero-positive Tropical Spastic Paraparesis and HTLV-I isolates were characterized. While patients peripheral blood lymphocytes did not express detectable HTLV-I antigens when uncultured, they did so after short-term cultu
Lowe JG; Beck JS; Madhok R; Gracie A; Gibbs JH; Potts RC; Lowe GD; Forbes CD; Department of Pathology, University of Dundee, University of; Glasgow, Scotland.
The number of microanatomical location of CD4 and CD8 lymphocytes, of cells bearing receptors for I12 and transferrin, and of monocyte/macrophages in the dermis at the site of a tuberculin test were measured in 13 patients with haemophilia (10 seronegative and three seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV].
J Immunol. 1989 Mar 15;142(6):1874-80. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/89156448
Hofmann B; Jakobsen KD; Odum N; Dickmeiss E; Platz P; Ryder LP; Pedersen C; Mathiesen L; Bygbjerg IB; Faber V; et al; Department of Clinical Immunology, University Hospital,; Copenhagen, Denmark.
We studied the proliferative response of PBL to the mitogens PHA and PWM and Candida albicans Ag in 301 HIV seropositive homosexual men, of whom 55 had AIDS. The responses to PHA were reduced only in the clinically ill HIV seropositive subjects. In contrast, the responses to PWM were profoundly reduced in most HIV ser
Goldwater PN; Paton JC; Department of Microbiology, Adelaide Children's Hospital, South; Australia.
Characteristic neuropathological white matter changes in the brains of patients dying from the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) suggest pathogenetic involvement of either the PrP27-30 gene or a scrapie-related prion; however, proteinase-K resistant scrapie-like proteins could not be detected in brain tissue
Lancet. 1989 Mar 18;1(8638):580-4. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/89158514
Spielberg F; Kabeya CM; Ryder RW; Kifuani NK; Harris J; Bender TR; Heyward WL; Quinn TC; Program for Appropriate Technology in Health, Seattle.
Five rapid, visually read assays for detection of antibody against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) were evaluated on fresh serum samples from 4000 prospective blood donors at Mama Yemo Hospital, Kinshasa, Zaire . The sensitivity of the assays, based on 214 specimens positive by
Spickett GP; Millrain M; Beattie R; North M; Griffiths J; Patterson S; Webster AD; Division of Immunological Medicine, Clinical Research Centre,; Harrow, UK.
Mononuclear cells were obtained from 42 patients with common variable hypogammaglobulinaemia (CVH) and co-cultured with various cell lines in an attempt to isolate retroviruses. Cultures from only two patients showed evidence of a viral infection, although the virus could not be isolated and characterized in either.
Kuga T; Yamasaki M; Sekine S; Fukui M; Yokoo Y; Itoh S; Yoshida M; Hattori T; Takatsuki K; Tokyo Research Laboratories, Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo.
A fused gene of the gag and env sequences of human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I), the causative agent of adult T-cell leukemia, was constructed in vitro and expressed in Escherichia coli. The gag-env hybrid protein accumulated as insoluble granules with a yield of approximately 12% of the total proteins. In an
Ashby H; DiMattina M; Linehan WM; Robertson CN; Queenan JT; Albertson BD; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Georgetown University; Medical Center, Washington, D.C. 20007.
Suramin has recently been used to treat patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome because of the action of this drug on reverse transcriptase. Patients so treated developed the symptoms and hormonal profiles of adrenal insufficiency. To evaluate the mechanism of action of suramin on adrenalcortical function, a
Weiss RA; Clapham PR; McClure MO; McKeating JA; McKnight A; Dalgleish AG; Sattentau QJ; Weber JN; Institute of Cancer Research, Chester Beatty Laboratories,; London, U.K.
The envelope glycoproteins of HIV, gp120 and gp41, contain epitopes recognized by neutralizing antibodies. Studies of human sera from infected individuals indicate that group-specific neutralization antigens common to most isolates of HIV-1 exist, and that some HIV-2 antisera cross-neutralize HIV-1. Neutralization epi
Schols D; Baba M; Pauwels R; De Clercq E; Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven,; Belgium.
The first step in the replicative cycle of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is binding of the virions to the cellular CD4 receptor. This process may be considered as an important target for chemotherapeutic agents against acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). A method has now been devised whereby viri
Harbison MA; Hammer SM; Infectious Disease Section, New England Deaconess Hospital,; Boston, Massachusetts.
Eleven povidone-iodine-containing products (Betadine) and chlorhexidine gluconate solution were tested for their ability to inactivate human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in a cell culture system. All Betadine products completely inactivated the virus at povidone-iodine concentrations of greater than or equal to 0.5% (
Robinson WE Jr; Montefiori DC; Gillespie DH; Mitchell WM; Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville,; Tennessee 37232.
Antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection in vitro has been described recently and was shown to occur by two mechanisms: either participation of the alternative pathway of complement or to involve an Fc receptor-mediated, complement-independent mechanism. Complement-
Sex Transm Dis. 1988 Jul-Sep;15(3):127-32. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/89146523
Solomon MZ; DeJong W; Education Development Center, Inc., Newton, MA 02160.
The impact of a ten-minute, soap opera-style videotape on knowledge and treatment behavior of black men with gonorrhea was tested in randomized clinical trials. The videotape, shown to individual patients after diagnosis, produced a sizeable increase in the percentage of patients who returned for their test-of-cure ex
Am Surg. 1989 Mar;55(3):166-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/89148864
Spotnitz WD; Dalton MS; Baker JW; Nolan SP; Department of Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine,; Charlottesville.
A method for producing concentrated fibrinogen, an essential component of fibrin glue, from individually stored, single-donor units of human plasma is reported. The plasma is screened for hepatitis B antigen and HIV-1 virus to reduce the risk of transmission of hepatitis and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
Baba M; Nakajima M; Schols D; Pauwels R; Balzarini J; De Clercq E; Department of Human Biology, Rega Institute for Medical Research,; University of Leuven, Belgium.
Several sulfated oligo- or polysaccharides such as pentosan polysulfate, fucoidan, dextran sulfate, heparin and iota-, kappa- and lambda-carrageenans proved to be potent and selective inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in vitro. The most potent anti-HIV-1 activity was recorded for the oligosacch
Pedersen M; Nielsen PB; Permin H; Norn S; Mojon M; Skov PS; Faber V; Laboratory of Immunology, University Clinic for Infectious; Diseases M, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Type I allergy directed against Pneumocystis carinii (PC) has been investigated in 14 patients with AIDS. The Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia often shows a rapid and severe course, and type I allergy against the parasite might be a pathogenic co-factor in the interstitial lung inflammation. In twelve of the AIDS patien
Galbraith GM; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of; South Carolina, Charleston.
Several of the cytokines that regulate the immune system have been tested for efficacy in the clinical setting. Of these, interleukin-2 shows particular potential for antitumor therapy when used in combination with autologous lymphokine-activated killer cells; the interferons have proved effective in the treatment of
Tollerud DJ; Wesseler TA; Kim CK; Baughman RP; University of Cincinnati Medical Center.
Identification of Pneumocystis carinii involves silver stains which require several hours for processing. Diff Quik, a differential stain similar to Wright-Giemsa, requires less than 1 min and reproducibly stains trophozoites and intracystic bodies of P carinii. To determine the utility of DQ for rapid detection of P
Take Y; Inouye Y; Nakamura S; Allaudeen HS; Kubo A; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hiroshima University School; of Medicine, Japan.
The inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) reverse transcriptase by certain antibiotics and related compounds was studied in comparison with that of avian myeloblastosis virus (AMV) reverse transcriptase and cellular DNA polymerases alpha and beta. In general, compounds that inhibited HIV reverse transcripta
J Med Virol. 1989 Jan;27(1):72-5. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/89156799
Bukrinsky MI; Syrtsev VA; Popov SA; Barsov EV; Chaplinskas SA; Karamov EV; D.I. Ivanovski Institute of Virology, Moscow, Union of Soviet; Socialist Republics.
Ten sera from healthy blood donors positive by enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay (ELISA) were studied by immunoblot assay using natural and recombinant proteins. They interacted only with p17 or p24 proteins but were nonreactive with a recombinant protein (RP 50), which carries antigenic determinants to p17 and p24.
Weber J; Grosse F; Department of Chemistry, Max-Planck-Institute for Experimental; Medicine, Gottingen, FRG.
Reverse transcriptase from the human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV-1) was expressed in E. coli and purified to near homogeneity. The enzyme was shown to contain reverse transcriptase, DNA polymerase and ribonuclease H activities. The DNA polymerase activity converted singly-primed phi X174 (+) DNA into the double
Lampson BC; Sun J; Hsu MY; Vallejo-Ramirez J; Inouye S; Inouye M; Department of Biochemistry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School,; University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Piscataway; 08854.
Branched RNA-linked multicopy single-stranded DNA (msDNA) originally detected in myxobacteria has now been found in a clinical isolate of Escherichia coli. Although lacking homology in the primary structure, the E. coli msDNA is similar in secondary structure to the myxobacterial msDNA s, including the 2 ,5 -phosphodi
Ann Allergy. 1989 Mar;62(3):170-6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/89164932
Kirkpatrick CH; Department of Medicine, National Jewish Center for Immunology and; Respiratory Medicine, Denver, Colorado.
Natural consequences of knowledge of the mechanisms that regulate immune responses are the attempts to modify the immune system in order to increase resistance to infectious diseases and to enhance activity against tumor cells. This review describes the roles of interferons and interleukins in immune responses and rev
This information is designed to support, not replace, the relationship that exists between you and your doctor.