Important note: Information in this article was accurate in 1988. The state of the art may have changed since the publication date.
ANIMAL MODELS TO TEST POTENTIAL VACCINES FOR PROTECTION AGAINST INFECTION BY T-LYMPHOTROPIC RETROVIRUSES
Vaccines 87. Modern Approaches to New Vaccines: Prevention of AIDS and Other Viral, Bacterial, and Parasitic Diseases. Chanock RM et al, eds. New York, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, p. 205-8, 1987.. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/88647979 Fultz PN; Switzer W; McGrath N; Srinivasan A; McClure HM; Brodie A; Swenson B; AIDS Program, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA 30333
Abstract:
Animal models have been developed to aid in testing potential vaccines for protection against infection by immunodeficiency viruses of human and simian origin. These model systems include infection of chimpanzees with various strains of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the causative agent of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), and infection of rhesus macaque and mangabey monkeys with a strain of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) isolated from mangabey monkeys (SIV/SMM). Because different HIV isolates show extreme variability in nucleotide sequence and in potential antigenic determinants, the development of an effective vaccine may require extensive animal testing. The number of chimpanzees available for AIDS research is limited; therefore, infection of monkeys with SIV, which is biologically and antigenically related to HIV, may play a role in the development of HIV vaccines. Persistent infections by SIV/SMM were studied in sooty mangabeys that were naturally infected and macaques (rhesus and pig-tailed) that were experimentally infected with the virus. SIV/SMM appears to be nonpathogenic for mangabeys, but pathogenic for macaques. Of nine macaques (7-15 mo old) that were injected with SIV/SMM, eight seroconverted within 6 wk of inoculation, and virus was isolated periodically from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) for more than 1 yr. In chimpanzees, seroconversion was detected within 3-4 wk postinfection, and HIV was isolated from PBMCs within 2 wk after exposure to virus and at all times thereafter. Some chimpanzees had transient signs both of hematologic and immunologic abnormalities and of disease, but, in general, they remained healthy at more than 2 yr postinfection. Two HIV-infected chimpanzees were superinfected with a strain of HIV that differed substantially in the env gene from the strain used to infect them initially. Within 3 wk after superinfection of a lymphadenopathy virus type 1 (LAV-1)-infected chimpanzee with AIDS-associated retrovirus type 2 (ARV-2), HIV-specific IgG antibody titers increased fourfold, a second IgM response occurred, and the number of infected PBMCs increased fivefold. These data suggest that the immune system had been perturbed, that LAV-1 had been activated to replicate, and/or that ARV-2 had established infection and replicated. The results of the superinfection experiments suggest that it is possible for an individual to be infected with more than one strain of HIV and that antibodies to one strain may not protect against infection by a different strain of HIV. (6 Refs)
Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*IMMUNOLOGY/PREVENTION & CONTROL Animal Antibodies, Viral/ANALYSIS *Antibody Formation Chimpansee troglodytes Comparative Study Disease Models, Animal Haplorhini HIV/*IMMUNOLOGY HTLV-BLV Viruses/*IMMUNOLOGY Leukocyte Count Vaccination Viral Vaccines/ADMINISTRATION & DOSAGE/*IMMUNOLOGY MEETING PAPER
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Important note: Information in this article was accurate in 1988. The state of the art may have changed since the publication date.
