Important note: Information in this article was accurate in 1988. The state of the art may have changed since the publication date.
THE HUMAN T LYMPHOTROPIC RETROVIRUSES AND HUMAN IMMUNE DEFICIENCY
Progress in Immunology VI. Sixth International Congress of Immunology. Cinader B, Miller RG, eds. New York, Academic Press, p. 538-47, 1986.. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/88640032 Robert-Guroff M; Gallo RC; Lab. of Tumor Cell Biology, NCI, Bethesda, MD 20205
Abstract:
The discovery and characteristics of human T lymphotropic viruses (types I, II, and III), genetics of HTLV-III, mechanisms of cell pathogenicity of HTLV-III, and the challenges of development of a vaccine against HTLV-III infection are reviewed. Immune suppression can occur with several retrovirus infections. This feature was not widely appreciated until the acquired immune deficiency syndrome was linked to HTLV-III/LAV. The selective loss of a subset of T cells, the T4 helper cells, correlates with the tropism of this virus. More recently, neurologic disease, particularly dementia, has been associated with direct HTLV-III/LAV infection of macrophage/monocytes in the brain. This retrovirus has a unique genomic association, which includes several genes in addition to the usual retroviral genes. Sor, 3'orf, and tat encode immunologically detectable protein in HTLV-III-infected cells, and a newly discovered gene, termed trs or art, is being investigated. Viral infection of macrophages and T cells, as well as indirect effects on B cells, produces profound immunologic and systemic defects that result in a spectrum of human retroviral diseases. An effective vaccine against HTLV-III infection will undoubtedly comprise elements designed to elicit both humoral and cellular immunity, as it is likely that protection against infection by both cell-free virus and virus-infected cells will be necessary. A major question remaining prior to vaccine development is the extent to which the known genetic diversity of HTLV-III will influence the immunologic response to viral infection. (41 Refs)
Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/IMMUNOLOGY/*MICROBIOLOGY Antigenic Determinants/IMMUNOLOGY Antigens, Viral/IMMUNOLOGY Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral Human HIV/*IMMUNOLOGY/PATHOGENICITY Macrophages/IMMUNOLOGY T-Lymphocytes/*IMMUNOLOGY/MICROBIOLOGY MEETING PAPER REVIEW REVIEW, ACADEMIC
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Important note: Information in this article was accurate in 1988. The state of the art may have changed since the publication date.
