Important note: Information in this article was accurate in 1987. The state of the art may have changed since the publication date.
SIMIAN VACCINE
Animal Models of Retrovirus Infection and Their Relationship to AIDS. Salzman LA, ed. Orlando, Florida, Academic Press, p. 431-40, 1986.. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/87629292 Gardner MB; Dept. of Pathology, Sch. of Medicine, Univ. of California, Davis,; CA
Abstract:
Retrovirus history is reviewed; simian acquired immune deficiency syndrome (SAIDS) and human acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) are discussed and their similarities and differences are compared; AIDS viruses are compared; and, finally, the AIDS vaccine rationale is addressed. SAIDS, an AIDS-like disease in monkeys, has many different manifestations such as diarrhea, wt loss, and failure to thrive. When Kaposi-like solid tumors were discovered in the monkeys, and Kaposi's sarcoma was reported in a cluster of homosexuals, the search for an infectious agent in the monkeys was started. As in feline leukemia virus (FeLV) in cats, the saliva is believed to be the major route by which the SAIDS virus is spread among monkeys. Rhesus monkeys inoculated with tissue culture-purified type D virus develop a spectrum of disease patterns just like those that are seen in a naturally occurring SAIDS outbreak. Some animals die within 2-3 mo, with severe immune depletion and opportunistic infections. Other animals remain chronically ill over many months, with weight loss, anemia, generalized lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, hypoproteinemia, diarrhea, gingivitis, and depressed lymphoid mitogenic responsiveness. Occasionally, animals recover; such recovered animals have high titers of virus neutralizing antibody and are nonviremic in contrast to the persistently infected monkeys whose neutralizing antibody is at low titer or absent. This simian model is similar to the FeLV found in infected multicat households. However, the amounts of virus in peripheral blood lymphocytes and tissues other than salivary gland are rather low, considerably less than in most FeLV-infected cats or murine leukemia virus (MuLV)-infected mice. Further, the simian type D virus does not have the restricted T4 lymphotropism that is found with AIDS viruses. When three prototype human AIDS-associated retroviruses were compared to one another and to the SAIDS virus, it was found that the SAIDS type D viruses showed no immunologic or genetic relatedness to the human viruses in the assays employed and that the SAIDS virus maturates as an intracytoplasmic A particle, a feature not observed in the AIDS viruses. Thus, these immunosuppressive retroviruses are unique to each species.
Keywords: Animal HTLV-BLV Infections/PREVENTION & CONTROL/*VETERINARY Macaca Monkey Diseases/*PREVENTION & CONTROL Retroviridae/*IMMUNOLOGY Viral Envelope Proteins/IMMUNOLOGY Viral Vaccines/*THERAPEUTIC USE Virus Cultivation MONOGRAPH
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Important note: Information in this article was accurate in 1987. The state of the art may have changed since the publication date.
