Important note: Information in this article was accurate in 1987. The state of the art may have changed since the publication date.
VACCINATION AGAINST VIRALLY INDUCED ANIMAL TUMORS
Immunity to Cancer. Reif AE, Mitchell MS, eds. New York, Academic Press, p. 605-17, 1985.. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/86627036 Gardner MB; Pedersen N; Marx P; Henrickson R; Luciw P; Gilden R; Dept. of Medical Pathology, Sch. of Medicine, Univ. of; California, Davis, CA
Abstract:
Vaccine prevention of virus-induced animal tumors has provided convincing evidence that this would be the best way to attack such tumors in man. The animal model systems in which vaccine control of virus-induced tumors has been accomplished are briefly reviewed and new vaccine approaches against feline leukemia virus (FeLV) and the retroviruses of simian and human acquired immunodeficiency syndrome are presented. There are four major families of viruses associated with cancer in animals and man: retroviruses, herpes viruses, papovaviruses, and hepatitis B virus. Many animal species harbor these viruses as ubiquitous latent agents, and many kinds of tumors and other diseases may result when the viruses become activated and undergo infectious spread. Extensive studies in mice showed that, under proper experimental circumstances, murine leukemia virus immunoprophylaxis could be very specific and successful. Active immunization with killed murine mammary tumor virus (MuMTV) or purified envelope antigen (gp52) was successful in preventing mammary carcinoma following challenge with MuMTV. Vaccination against FeLV infection and associated disease in domestic cats has also proven successful, although perhaps not as dramatic as in the MuLV model. Good protection against FeLV or feline sarcoma virus (FeSV) challenge was afforded by live or killed feline lymphoma cells (FL74) releasing FeLV of all 3 major subgroups. Although not of major economic significance in the United States because of the infrequency of bovine lymphoma, some efforts have been made to prevent bovine leukemia virus infection by vaccination. Marek's disease, a highly contagious T cell lymphoma of chickens, caused by airborne herpes virus, provided the first and most successful example in any species of cancer prevention by vaccination. Although very effective against many infectious diseases, conventional vaccines pose a number of problems because of the tissue culture requirements for growing virus. The new recombinant DNA technology offers the attraction of producing synthetic vaccines of greater purity, stability, safety, and cost-effectiveness. Two genetic approaches have been taken towards development of an FeLV vaccine: development of an attenuated virus by deletion of enhancer sequences and recombination of envelope genes, and preparation of a subunit envelope vaccine using a yeast expression system. (77 Refs)
Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/IMMUNOLOGY Animal Antibodies, Viral/ANALYSIS Antigens, Viral/IMMUNOLOGY Hepatitis B Virus/IMMUNOLOGY Herpesviridae/IMMUNOLOGY Human HTLV-BLV Viruses/IMMUNOLOGY Leukemia Virus, Feline/IMMUNOLOGY Leukemia, Experimental/IMMUNOLOGY Lymphoma/IMMUNOLOGY Marek's Disease/IMMUNOLOGY Papovaviridae/IMMUNOLOGY Retroviridae/IMMUNOLOGY Retroviridae Infections/IMMUNOLOGY Sarcoma, Experimental/IMMUNOLOGY Tumor Virus Infections/*IMMUNOLOGY Viral Vaccines/*IMMUNOLOGY MEETING PAPER
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Important note: Information in this article was accurate in 1987. The state of the art may have changed since the publication date.
