Important note: Information in this article was accurate in 1987. The state of the art may have changed since the publication date.
BOVINE LEUKEMIA VIRUS AS AN INDUCER OF BOVINE LEUKEMIA
Animal Models of Retrovirus Infection and Their Relationship to AIDS. Salzman LA, ed. Orlando, Florida, Academic Press, p. 107-19, 1986.. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/87629269 Burny A; Bruck C; Cleuter Y; Couez D; Gregoire D; Kettmann R; Mammerickx M; Marbaix G; Portetelle D; Willems L; Dept. of Molecular Biology, Univ. of Brussels, Belgium
Abstract:
This chapter on bovine leukemia virus as an inducer of bovine leukemia is divided into four parts: one quarter deals with molecular biology, tumor induction, and host-virus relationships; one quarter deals with immune responses; and the remainder deals with the relatedness of human T cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV) and bovine leukemia virus (BLV), with characteristics of the various HTLV isolates, with a possible model for AIDS induced by BLV in rabbits, and with transmission and host range. Leukemia induction in cattle by BLV is in many ways comparable to disease caused by HTLV. The systems are quite interchangeable, although the cell target is a B lymphocyte in the case of BLV and a T lymphocyte in the case of HTLV. BLV can also infect sheep, and goats can be experimentally infected with BLV. In a search for viral RNA expression in cultured bovine and sheep tumor cells, it was found that the bovine cells expressed very little viral RNA and that the sheep cells did not show any viral expression. These data further support earlier findings that BLV virus is necessary to initiate transformation but then is dispensable once a critical event has occurred. The order of genes in BLV provirus is gag, pol, env, followed by a region originally called leuk and now called lor. There is an open reading frame that expands over 924 nucleotides with a strongly conserved region in the 5' end. All animals infected with BLV react with very strong immunological responses against invading virus. Eight antigenic sites (A to H) have been distinguished on gp51, the major envelope glycoprotein; infected cattle develop antibodies against F, G, and H. The possibility of mimicking an AIDS reaction in experimental animals with BLV seems very strong. The ruminants and other animals that naturally develop tumors from BLV do not show immunodeficiency syndrome. However, experimental infections of chimpanzees, macaques, pigs, and rabbits are successful. Ticks, insect vectors, and the like do not seem to contribute to transmission in temperate climates, but their role in tropical conditions is unknown.
Keywords: Animal Antibodies, Viral/BIOSYNTHESIS Antigenic Determinants Base Composition Cattle Comparative Study Female Genes, Viral Glycoproteins/METABOLISM Human HTLV-BLV Viruses/IMMUNOLOGY/METABOLISM Leukemia/IMMUNOLOGY/MICROBIOLOGY/TRANSMISSION/*VETERINARY Leukemia Virus, Bovine/IMMUNOLOGY/METABOLISM/*PATHOGENICITY Male Nucleic Acid Hybridization Rabbits RNA, Messenger/GENETICS RNA, Viral/GENETICS Viral Envelope Proteins/METABOLISM MONOGRAPH
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Important note: Information in this article was accurate in 1987. The state of the art may have changed since the publication date.
