Important note: Information in this article was accurate in 1987. The state of the art may have changed since the publication date.
TRANSMISSION OF AIDS TO CHIMPANZEES: INFECTION, DISEASE AND IMMUNE RESPONSE
Animal Models of Retrovirus Infection and Their Relationship to AIDS. Salzman LA, ed. Orlando, Florida, Academic Press, p. 443-56, 1986.. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/87629293 Eichberg JW; Lawlor DA; Kennedy RC; Dressman GR; Alter HJ; Saxinger WC; Virology and Immunology Dept., Southwest Foundation for; Biomedical Res., San Antonio, TX
Abstract:
Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is an escalating disease of devastating proportions. An animal model for this disease would have several major benefits, including safety and efficacy testing of potential human T cell lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III) vaccines; testing of potential methods of HTLV-III inactivation in contaminated blood products and reagents; elucidation of the role of the immune system in protecting individuals against AIDS; and elucidation of the mechanisms whereby HTLV-III infection is transformed into clinical disease. Studies in the authors' laboratory showed that AIDS can be transmitted to chimpanzees by means of plasma from human AIDS patients (pts); in work reported from other laboratories, chimpanzees were experimentally infected with HTLV-III and lymphadenopathy-associated virus (LAV). Three chimpanzees were inoculated with plasma (3 ml/kg or 150 ml) from each of three pts with AIDS or with AIDS-related complex; a fourth animal served as a control, receiving plasma from normal human donors. Prior to inoculation, all animals were seronegative for anti-HTLV-III antibodies, had normal T3 and T4 levels and T4/T8 ratios, and were clinically normal. Two of the three chimpanzees demonstrated serum antibodies against HTLV-III 10-12 wk after inoculation. These antibodies continued to persist 2 yr following the initial infection. One of these two animals also developed lymphadenopathy that persisted for 32 wk. During this 32-wk period of active lymphadenopathy, the total number of T cells (OKT3 or T3) and T helper cells (OKT4 or T4) as well as the ratio of T4/T8 lymphocytes were depressed. No opportunistic infection was noted during or after this immune depression. The study demonstrated the risk that is involved in the use of cell plasma and blood products in the transmission of transfusion-associated AIDS; it also demonstrated the susceptibility of the chimpanzee to HTLV-III infection and the ability to simulate the human lymphadenopathy syndrome in this animal species. (21 Refs)
Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/IMMUNOLOGY/*TRANSMISSION Animal Antibodies, Viral/ISOLATION & PURIF Antibody Specificity AIDS-Related Complex/TRANSMISSION Chimpansee troglodytes/*IMMUNOLOGY Human Leukocyte Count Lymphocytes Plasma Time Factors MONOGRAPH
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Important note: Information in this article was accurate in 1987. The state of the art may have changed since the publication date.
