This volume consists of papers presented at the workshop on Viral Mechanisms of Immunosuppression, held in Montreal in June, 1984. The papers in section I, on general models of virus-induced immunosuppression, cover the following topics: primary immunodeficiency disorders in man; cytom
Markham PD; Salahuddin SZ; Popovic M; Sarngadharan MG; Gallo RC; Lab. of Tumor Cell Biology, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20205
Human T-cell lymphotropic viruses (HTLV) are reviewed under the following headings: isolation of virus; epidemiology; biological properties of HTLV; antigenic properties of HTLV-I, -II, -III; and molecular biology. The HTLV group consists of three subgroups of retroviruses that infect human T cells, particularly those
Wainberg MA; Roy S; Spira B; Blain N; Lady Davis Inst. for Medical Res., Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish; General Hosp., Montreal Quebec H3T 1E2, Canada
Anti-lymphocyte proliferative properties, similar to those possessed by many retroviruses, were studied in the human T lymphotropic (HTLV). To characterize the effect of exposure to HTLV on lymphocyte proliferation, HTLV-I, HTLV-III, and avian sarcoma virus (ASV) were inactivated by ultraviolet irradiation and then co
Purtilo DT; Dept. of Pathology and Lab. Medicine, Univ. of Nebraska Medical; Sch. Omaha, NE 68105
Immune deterrence of EBV-induced lymphoproliferative diseases is reviewed. EBV is tropic for B lymphocytes, oropharyngeal cells and possibly parotid duct cells. The occurrence of Burkitt s lymphoma (BL) in African children and of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in Chinese adults appears to represent secondary EBV effec
Rook AH; Fauci AS; Lab. of Immunoregulation, Natl. Inst. of Allergy and Infectious; Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20205
The authors studies of the effects of cytomegalovirus ( CMV ) on cytotoxic cellular immunity (CCI) in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and immunosuppressed allograft recipients are reviewed. Cytotoxicity assays ha
Baron S; Fleischmann WR Jr; Klimpel G; Stanton GJ; Dept. of Microbiology, The Univ. of Texas Medical Branch,; Galveston, TX 77550
Effects of virus-induced interferons (IFN) on the immune system are reviewed. Pathways for viral induction of IFN include stimulation of macrophages, probably by intracellular foreign viral nucleic material, to produce IFN-alpha; stimulation of B lymphocytes by infected membranes to produce IFN-alpha and stimulation o
Wainberg MA; Portnoy J; Gilmore N; Lady Davis Inst. for Medical Res., Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish; General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1E2, Canada
Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from eight males with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and prior histories of genital or anal herpes were treated with monoclonal antibody against OKT8 cells. PBL from each of six patients (pts) tested showed little or no responsiveness to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) stimulatio
Joncas JH; Dept. of Microbiology and Immunology, Sainte-Justine Hosp.,; Montreal, Quebec H3T 1C5
Viral mechanisms of immunosuppression are discussed. Certain viruses, including Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), cytomegalovirus and human T lymphotropic virus-III can directly infect cells of the immune system. Although cell lysis can occur, most lymphoid cells are or become poorly permi
Dev Oncol; 21:125-45 1985. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/86620635
French MA; Univ. Dept. of Medicine, Northern General Hosp., Sheffield S5; 7AU, England
Studies performed over the last two decades have demonstrated an increased incidence of malignancy in primary immunodeficiency diseases; however, it has also become clear that the concept of immune surveillance cannot be fully accepted on the evidence from these studies. The types of malignancy that occur as a complic
Health Cost Manage. 1986 Jan-Feb;3(1):1-6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AHA/86166255
Cunningham GP
Employers health care costs may be exceeded by their legal costs if they overreact to AIDS in the workplace. A good antidote to the fear and misinformation that leads to such reactions is knowledge of laws relevant to employees with AIDS, as well as to their worried coworkers. A Los Angeles-based attorney who has bee
Health Cost Manage. 1986 Jan-Feb;3(1):16-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AHA/86166256
Gildea J
Health and life insurance, medical treatment and other costs associated with AIDS in the workplace are commanding attention, but what s known so far raises more questions than it answers. Regardless, potential expenditures are being used to justify public and private sector practices that ignore more important long-te
Even though medical science can t give definitive answers to all the questions about the disease, employers must make decisions regarding AIDS in the workplace. The findings of two questionnaire and two interview surveys by leading business groups reveal the experiences of employers across the country, describe organi
Rosner F; Forgel M; Telsey A; Citerman S; Charytan M; Rubinstein A
We report here nine children with AIDS. The risk factors of these patients were hemophilia in one, blood transfusions in four, maternal intravenous drug use in three and paternal AIDS in one. One baby was also of Haitian parentage. The major clinical symptoms included failure to thrive, hepatomegaly, lymphadenopathy,
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is a clinical entity that is part of a spectrum of immune dysfunction found in specific high risk groups, among them intravenous drug users. In drug users AIDS almost always presents as an opportunistic infection, usually Pneumocystis carinii. The leading etiologic hypothesis
In children with cellular immune deficiency, toxoplasmosis may result in severe infection, chiefly because of cerebral impairment presenting as meningo-encephalitis or as a pseudo-tumoral syndrome. Allogenic bone marrow transplantation or AIDS are high risk situations. Most often it is a reviviscence of former foci to
Anal manipulation and penetration produce stimulation enjoyed as sexual by some people. Although this type of sexual activity is not new, the current social climate of sexual freedom and experimentation has brought it out into the open. This paper reviews some of the anatomical, physiological, and behavioral aspects o
Using a hemagglutination assay we surveyed antibody distribution to human sperm antigen in a sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic population and in an AIDS study group. We found no significant difference for the mean antisperm antibody titres between sexually active heterosexual men, women or homosexual men, homo
As of March 12, 1984, 3,694 cases of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) have been reported to the Centers for Disease Control with 1,601 deaths. Among the groups at increased risk for acquiring AIDS are intravenous drug users. Six hundred forty heterosexual I.V. drug users with AIDS were reported (17.3 percent
Pathol Res Pract. 1985 Dec;180(6):590-611. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/86177132
Diebold J; Marche C; Audouin J; Aubert JP; Le Tourneau A; Bouton C; Reynes M; Wizniak J; Capron F; Tricottet V
The authors present the results of a histopathological study on the lymph-nodes taken from 45 subjects suffering from either an AIDS or from a chronic adenopathy corresponding to the definition of AIDS related complex (ARC). The various aspects observed were classed as type I to type IV. The lymph-node modifications o
The prevalence of overt AIDS in haemophilia A in the USA is about 3% treated patients and about 2% in UK. Nevertheless up to 90% of patients with haemophilia A treated with commercial concentrates of factor VIII prepared from the blood of paid donors are seropositive to the AIDS-associated virus LAV/HTLV III. Infectio
The authors report a case of encephalitis occurring in a setting consistent with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). They point out that AIDS and its complications can mimic psychiatric syndromes, including depression and dementia , or delirium related to illnesses such as a
Serum IgG subclass levels were measured by an indirect competitive immunoenzymatic assay with monoclonal antibodies in 61 adult patients of different geographic origins affected either with the lymphoadenopathy syndrome (LAS, 46 cases) or with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS, 15 cases). In spite of consi
Whole body Ga-67 scans revealed increased uptake in lymph nodes accessible for biopsy in three patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) infected by Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare (MAI). In diagnostically difficult cases where the usual methods for diagnosing MAI are not helpful, Ga-67 studies ma
Studies on the mechanism of cell-mediated cytotoxicity (CMC) have suggested a stimulus-secretion model and implicated a role of soluble cytotoxic mediators. Our studies in the natural killer (NK) system provide several lines of evidence for the involvement of natural killer cytotoxic factors (NKCF) in NK CMC and led t
Three cases of Kaposi s sarcoma involving the conjunctiva are reported. The first patient had been affected by a single lesion on the glans penis. In the second patient the conjunctival lesion adopted a peculiar globular shape. The third patient had been treated with corticosteroids for pemphigus when the Kaposi s sar
A 34-year-old homosexual male developed cryptococcal meningitis as the initial manifestation of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). With antifungal therapy he improved. Six weeks later he developed focal motor seizures and progressive hemiplegia. Computer assisted tomography revealed multiple, ring-enhancing,
The efficacy of recombinant leukocyte A interferon (rIFN-alpha A [Roferon-A, Hoffman-La Roche, Nutley, NJ]) treatment of Kaposi s sarcoma in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome was evaluated in sequential trials using high doses (36 X 10(6) units) and low doses (3 X 10(6) units) of interferon. A major res
JAMA. 1986 May 2;255(17):2306-10. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/86172229
Kristal AR
This report examines the impact of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) on patterns of mortality among persons aged 15 to 64 years in New York City. The New York City AIDS surveillance registry was matched to the New York City vital statistics registry to identify deaths caused by AIDS. In 1984, the AIDS mortalit
Klin Wochenschr. 1986 Feb 17;64(4):165-72. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/86173061
Bohle C; Sinn M; Werner E; Staib F
The risk for AIDS patients from Cryptococcus neoformans is outlined on the basis of a case report on a 28-year old male patient whose disease was complicated by cryptococcosis. Beside the description of the diagnosis of cryptococcosis (demonstration of the agent and its antigen), epidemiological associations (habitat
MacKenzie M; Lowenstine L; Lalchandani R; Lerche N; Osborn K; Spinner A; Bleviss M; Hendrickson R; Gardner M
Hematologic abnormalities were defined in 31 rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) with simian acquired immune deficiency syndrome (SAIDS). Animals manifested anemia (hypochromic/microcytic), severe neutropenia and progressive lymphopenia, monocytosis and occasional thrombocytopenia. Bone marrow studies showed erythroid hyp
Med Clin North Am. 1986 May;70(3):707-20. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/86173577
Abrams DI; Dilley JW; Maxey LM; Volberding PA
Due to the magnitude of the AIDS epidemic in San Francisco, centralization of services has been essential for providing maximal patient care and support, and allowing for efficient performance of clinical investigation. While other locales with fewer numbers of documented cases may not have the need for such extensive
Between September 1983 and June 1985, 336 patients were assessed by the Autologous Blood Transfusion Service; 267 men, mean age, 65 (range, 16-75) years, and 40 women, mean age, 63 (range, 40-70) years, participated in the programme (29 patients were excluded as unsuitable). Orthopaedic and vascular surgery accounted
Brody JM; Miller DK; Zeman RK; Klappenbach RS; Jaffe MH; Clark LR; Benjamin SB; Choyke PL
A Haitian man with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), fever, malaise, and diarrhea is described. A computed tomographic (CT) scan showed a retrogastric mass with an associated ulcer. An upper gastrointestinal tract study showed an ulcer with both benign and malignant features. Endoscopy revealed a malignant-ap
Multinucleated giant cells (MGCs) were found in the brains of two patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), but were absent in five other AIDS brains. In one case there was a distinctive distribution of MGCs in disseminated clusters; damage of brain parenchyma was minor or absent. In another case,
Am J Med. 1986 Apr;80(4):685-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/86183893
Samies JH; Hathaway BN; Echols RM; Veazey JM Jr; Pilon VA
A lung abscess and persistent bacteremia due to Corynebacterium equi are described in a bisexual man with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Eleven of the 12 previously reported cases have occurred in immunocompromised humans. The occurrence of this infection in a patient with AIDS has not been previously
Am J Med. 1986 Apr;80(4):738-40. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/86183904
Baer DM; Anderson ET; Wilkinson LS
Fatal opportunistic infections developed in three homosexual men with Hodgkin s disease. Widely disseminated Kaposi s sarcoma developed in one, and another had persistent lymphadenopathy with a biopsy specimen showing benign follicular hyperplasia two years before the diagnosis of Hodgkin s disease. Physicians are ale
Two homosexual men, 35 and 42 years old, had bilateral acute angle-closure glaucoma in association with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. In one patient, the angle-closure attack was the initial manifestation of AIDS. Choroidal effusion with secondary anterior rotation of the ciliary body at the scleral spur ap
Type D retrovirus was isolated from rhesus macaques with simian acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (SAIDS) and transmitted to healthy rhesus macaques with tissue culture medium containing the virus. The clinical, immunologic, and lymph node morphologic changes were observed in 9 rhesus macaques for 52 weeks after inoc
Ann Intern Med. 1986 May;104(5):644-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/86185032
Henderson DK; Saah AJ; Zak BJ; Kaslow RA; Lane HC; Folks T; Blackwelder WC; Schmitt J; LaCamera DJ; Masur H; et al
To assess the risk of nosocomial transmission of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (HTLV-III/LAV), we prospectively evaluated a cohort of 531 health care workers. One hundred fifty of these employees reported percutaneous or mucous membrane exposures to blood or body fluids from
A 37-year-old homosexual man with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) developed progressive, ultimately fatal, neurological deficits 12 weeks after a course of cutaneous zoster. Premortem radiological procedures and cerebrospinal fluid analyses were nondiagnostic. At postmortem examination, several opportun
Ann Neurol. 1986 Mar;19(3):224-38. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/86185367
Navia BA; Petito CK; Gold JW; Cho ES; Jordan BD; Price RW
We reviewed the clinical, neuroradiological, and serological findings in 27 patients with cerebral toxoplasmosis complicating the acquired immune deficiency syndrome, 19 of whom were also analyzed neuropathologically. The clinical manifestations of this disorder varied, ranging from headache and fever to coma. However
Pippard MJ; Dalgleish A; Gibson P; Malkovsky M; Webster AD
A 9 year old Portuguese boy presented with severe wasting and a disseminated cryptococcal infection that resolved after massive doses of intrathecal and parenteral antifungal agents. Clinical and laboratory findings were consistent with AIDS. Apart from neonatal blood transfusions, there were no identified risk factor
Effects of sex of interviewer and place of interview on the responses of 57 AIDS patients and 145 other homosexual men were studied. Data on sensitive topics were collected by five male and three female medical officers at places convenient to respondents. Male physicians recorded fellatio more frequently, but female
Med Clin North Am. 1986 May;70(3):611-34. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/86173571
Quinn TC
The list of infectious agents that cause intestinal disorders in homosexual men is polymicrobial. Classic enteric pathogens, anorectal venereal pathogens, and more recently, opportunistic pathogens have been reported to occur in high prevalences in both symptomatic and asymptomatic homosexual men. This article reviews
This paper reviews the epidemiological, clinical, and public health aspects of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) in the pediatric population. Evidence establishing modes of transmission is emphasized. Guidelines are presented to assist school staff in the educational management of children infected with the AI
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) first was reported in the United States in May 1981. As many as two million Americans may be infected with the AIDS virus and that number could approach five million within five years. This article reviews the discovery of AIDS and describes th
As the incidence of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) cases is rapidly increasing, it is expected that the oral lesions of Kaposi s sarcoma (KS) related to AIDS will be encountered more frequently. The progressive changes of KS of the gingiva and palate are described in an AIDS patient who has been monitored f
J Public Health Dent. 1986 Winter;46(1):7-12. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/86171612
Silverman S Jr
The Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) has stimulated renewed attention toward infectious diseases and dental public health. Currently, AIDS is defined as individuals with Kaposi s sarcoma and/or pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and/or other life-threatening opportunistic infections (e.g., specific forms of tuber
Am J Orthod. 1986 Apr;89(4):346-51. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/86184058
Mulick JF
In today s orthodontic practice, disease control must undergo major reevaluation and restructuring. The knowledge of the natural history and treatment of many highly transmissible diseases to which orthodontic personnel are at high risk is changing rapidly. Among these diseases are acquired immune deficiency syndrome
Lymphoma of the rectum is a rare tumor and in most studies is not separated from other lymphomas of the large intestine. We have recently examined four homosexual men with lymphoma presenting in the rectum. Symptoms included rectal bleeding in three, pain on defecation in two, and mucoid rectal discharge in two. Syste
Lunardi-Iskandar Y; Georgoulias V; Rozenbaum W; Klatzmann D; Coll MC; Meyer P; Gentilini M; Gluckman JC; Jasmin C
Patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) present impaired colony growth and in vitro differentiation capacity of peripheral blood and bone marrow T colony-forming cells (T-CFC). We show that peripheral blood, bone marrow, and lymph node T-CFC from patients with persistent lymphadenopathy syndrome (LAS),
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in childhood is characterized by recurrent bacterial infections, a feature common in antibody deficiency disorders. The present study was aimed at investigating B lymphocyte function in 15 children aged 6 months to 6 years with AIDS or AIDS-related complex (ARC). Spontaneous s
We analyzed the diagnosis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia by fiberoptic bronchoscopy in a large series of patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Transbronchial biopsy fragments, as opposed to endobronchial specimens, were found to have high diagnostic value. Their optimal number for diagnosis w
Med Clin North Am. 1986 May;70(3):677-92. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/86173575
Young LS
Therapy of opportunistic infection in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is frustrating, and there is no convincing evidence that aggressive treatment and/or prophylaxis other than for Pneumocystis infection can significantly prolong life. While much clinical effort is expended on treating sequential
In August 1983, we initiated nationwide prospective surveillance of health care workers with documented parenteral or mucous-membrane exposures to blood or other body fluids of patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or AIDS-related illnesses. The purpose of the surveillance project is to quantitat
Bigby TD; Margolskee D; Curtis JL; Michael PF; Sheppard D; Hadley WK; Hopewell PC
Thirty-two patients with or suspected of having the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome were evaluated for opportunistic lung infection using examination of sputum induced by inhalation of 3% saline. The specimens obtained were stained with Giemsa stain and examined for Pneumocystis carinii. Smears of sputum were also
In nearly all forms of life, the number and diversity of enzymes that contain iron or that depend on the presence of this metal for activity are impressive. Not surprisingly, chemical mechanisms have been evolved by many organisms that permit them to solubilize and acquire iron while at the same time depriving their c
There has recently been much interest in the patterns of follicular dendritic reticulum cells (DRC) in pathological lymph nodes, particularly in relation to the phenomenon of DRC break-up (thought to be pathognomonic of AIDS-related lymphadenopathies) and to progressive transformation of germinal centres (as a possibl
Vincent s original description of the fusiform-spirochete nature of acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (ANUG) still remains true today, although much additional insight has been gained regarding the etiology, pathogenesis and treatment of the disease. In addition to the historic association of fusiform and spiroc
We investigated the relationship of the presence of antibodies to HTLV-III and immunologic abnormalities in patients with hemophilia. Serum antibodies to HTLV-III were analyzed by ELISA assay, immunoprecipitation of labeled cell extracts, and immunoprecipitation of purified HTLV-III p24. Thirty-four (61%) of the total
Forwell M; Gray KG; MacSween RN; Peel MG; Madhok R; Forbes CD; Harvey JA; Roberts J; Ferrell L; Sandilands GP
In this study we have shown that IgG class, noncytotoxic, Fc gamma-receptor blocking antilymphocyte antibodies can de detected in a high proportion of patients who have previously been exposed to alloantigens, i.e. multiple transfused uraemic patients, haemophiliacs and male homosexuals. These antilymphocyte antibodie
This review has emphasized several recent advances in our understanding of human lymphocyte biology made possible by mAbs that recognize specific functional subpopulations of lymphocytes, coupled with multiparameter flow-cytometric analysis. In the last 3 years, both the T4+ and T8+ subsets of T cells have been furthe
In nine cases with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), including four stage I cases, three stage II cases and two stage III cases, DNA image cytometry was performed on Feulgen-stained lymph node imprint smears. Diploidy was found in three cases, tetraploidy in three cases and octoploidy in two cases. Aneup
Approximately 1% of all AIDS cases are haemophiliacs. LAV/HTLV-III is transmitted by blood and in factor VIII concentrates. Since 1981, increasing numbers of haemophiliacs have been infected, as indicated by detection of antibodies to LAV/HTLV-III. Up to 90% of haemophiliacs in some populations are now seropositive, b
Blanche S; Fischer A; Le Deist F; Bremard-Oury C; Debre M; Griscelli C
The clinical signs and immunological abnormalities in ten babies with lymphadenopathy associated virus infections (LAV) are described. We have made this diagnosis based on the association of specific immunological abnormalities, serological tests or the positive isolation of the virus. In one very severe case, whose m
Sohn CC; Blayney DW; Misset JL; Mathe G; Flandrin G; Moran EM; Jensen FC; Winberg CD; Rappaport H
We report two cases of a T cell lymphoproliferative disease not previously described, with cytologic and clinical features similar to those associated with Galton s prolymphocytic leukemia (PL). Our patients, like those with Galton s PL, had massive splenomegaly and minimal or absent hepatomegaly and lymphadenopathy.
Cell. 1986 Mar 28;44(6):941-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE GENBANK/K03455
Dayton AI; Sodroski JG; Rosen CA; Goh WC; Haseltine WA
The trans-activator gene (tat-III) of the human T lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III/LAV) is shown to regulate positively the expression of viral proteins. Viruses in which the tat-III gene is deleted are incapable of prolific replication and do not demonstrate cytopathic effects in T4+ cell lines. These defects ca
The hypercalcaemia of malignancy is multi-factorial, even within individual tumours. In most cases, hypercalcaemia is due to a combination of increased bone resorption associated with decreased renal capacity to excrete the increased extracellular fluid calcium. In solid tumours such as carcinoma of the lung, tumour-d
Children with hemophilia A are at risk for the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Clinically asymptomatic hemophiliacs demonstrate many immune abnormalities that might represent exposure to the AIDS agent through blood products or be a natural reaction to their therapy. In this study, we examined lymphocyte su
The epidemiology, clinical and pathologic manifestations, identification of groups at high risk, results of laboratory analyses, and description of the modes of transmission of the putative etiologic agent HTLV-III/LAV have been summarized. Mechanisms of induction of T-cellular immunodeficiency have been described, in
Zoulek G; Gurtler L; Eberle J; Lorbeer B; Deinhardt F
Sera obtained from 927 drug addicts in 1983 to 1985 were tested for antibodies against LAV/HTLV-III. There was a steadily rising proportion of positive results: 10.1% in 1983, 17.6% in 1984 and 23.9% in 1985. In each year the prevalence of anti-LAV/HTLV-III was higher among female than male addicts. No increased propo
In a 13-year-old boy--with haemophilia A, positive tests for HTLV-III antibodies, and lymphocytopenia--there occurred watery voluminous stools which persisted over many months. Cryptosporidia were demonstrated microscopically in the stool. Cryptosporidiosis should be considered in patients with acquired immune deficie
Schafer A; Jovaisas E; Stauber M; Lowenthal D; Koch MA
Tissue samples were taken from a 20-week old foetus in a mother with positive LAV/HTLV-III reaction without clinical or immunological signs of AIDS. These samples were used for cocultivation of LAV/HTLV-III. This resulted in inducing in MT-2 cells a cytopathic effect characteristic for LAV/HTLV-III infections, induced
Baroni CD; Pezzella F; Mirolo M; Ruco LP; Rossi GB
The p24 protein is the major core protein of LAV/HTLV III which is the putative agent of the lymphadenopathy syndrome. By the use of an anti-p24 monoclonal antibody we have studied the presence of LAV/HTLV III infected cells in 20 lymph nodes obtained from lymphadenopathy syndrome patients: 14 lymph nodes were charact
By co-cultivating peripheral blood lymphocytes from normal male donors with cells from a line designated Lma-66VP, established from a female donor and simultaneously producing both HTLV-I and EBV, 2 continuous culture lines were obtained. Normal male lymphocytes were considered to be immortalized by co-cultivation bec
HTLV-I propagated in IMR90 human diploid fibroblasts was transmitted to human myeloid leukemia HL60 cells at a low efficiency. After co-cultivation for 3 months, the viral genome was detected in 14/48 HL60 cell clones. Among the 14 HTLV-I-infected clones, 8 contained subgenomic fragments alone or in addition to the co
A nine-year-old boy from the Central African Republic presented with an enlarged cervical lymph node. Biopsy revealed Kaposi s sarcoma. Lymphocyte subsets and reactivity to all antigens tested were normal, and the patient s serum contained no antibodies against LAV
Yamato K; Taguchi H; Yoshimoto S; Fujishita M; Yamashita M; Ohtsuki Y; Hoshino H; Miyoshi I
Peripheral blood lymphocytes from 2 normal individuals seronegative for human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) were co-cultured with HTLV-I-producing MT-2 cells that had been heated at 56 degrees for 30 min or exposed to 10,000 rad of X-irradiation. HTLV-I-induced lymphocyte transformation was consistently achiev
We attempted to isolate acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) virus from a Japanese hemophiliac with AIDS-related complex (ARC). After cocultivation of leukocytes from his peripheral blood with those of a healthy adult, reverse transcriptase activity and AIDS viral antigens were detected by immunofluorescence and
Okamoto T; Reitz MS Jr; Clarke MF; Jagodzinski LL; Wong-Staal F
A cDNA library was constructed from the HUT102 cell line established from a patient with adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma and screened for cDNA clones that contain (i) cellular sequences abundantly expressed in HUT102 cells and not in the virus-negative T-cell line HUT78, and (ii) viral long terminal repeat (LTR) sequen
Twenty-nine heterosexual patients with hemophilia were investigated with histories, physical examinations, laboratory evaluations of immune function, delayed hypersensitivity skin tests, and assays for antibody to human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III). Sixteen patients were HTLV-III antibody positive and
Sera from 22 patients with either lymphadenopathy syndrome (LAS), acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related complex (ARC), or acquired immune deficiency syndrome were examined for their effect on the interleukin-2 ( IL-2 )-induced proliferative response of an IL
We investigated the diminished natural killer (NK) activity in human T lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III) seropositive hemophiliacs. Despite normal percentages of NK cells, lymphocytes from five hemophiliacs showed impaired NK activity against K-562 tumor cells in 4-h chromium release microcytotoxicity assays. For
A 1-step method was developed to detect IgG antibody to human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III). The supernatant of T-lymphocyte cultures infected with HTLV-III was incubated for several days with peroxidase-labelled anti-HTLV-III F(ab )2 antibody fragments. During this incubation period an enzyme-labelled
The human T-lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III) is the primary etiologic agent of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). HTLV-III infection in patients with prior underlying immune deficiency states such as cancer has not yet been studied. We report on the occurrence of clinically atypical opportunistic inf
Rubinstein A; Morecki R; Silverman B; Charytan M; Krieger BZ; Andiman W; Ziprkowski MN; Goldman H
Two major pulmonary diseases were defined on the basis of lung biopsies in 15 children with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) or AIDS-related complex. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia was observed in eight children, and pulmonary lymphoid hyperplasia in six. One child had nonspecific interstitial pneumonitis. C
The relationship between hemophiliac immunodeficiency and exposures to factor VIII concentrate, LAV/HTLV-III retrovirus, and infection with Epstein-Barr virus and cytomegalovirus was examined. Exposure to factor VIII concentrate was significantly correlated with decreased percentag
We studied cell surface antigens on fresh and cultured peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) of healthy HTLV-I carriers. OKT4, OKT8 and OKIa1-positive cells were found to be within the normal range as compared with controls both in fresh and in cultured PBL. The percentage of Tac positive cells in HTLV-I carriers was sho
Stevens CE; Taylor PE; Zang EA; Morrison JM; Harley EJ; Rodriguez de Cordoba S; Bacino C; Ting RC; Bodner AJ; Sarngadharan MG; et al
Using blood samples collected since 1978, we investigated the epidemiology of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III), the etiologic agent of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, in a group of 378 homosexually active men who have resided in New York City since the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome epid
JAMA. 1986 May 2;255(17):2299-305. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/86172228
Pahwa S; Kaplan M; Fikrig S; Pahwa R; Sarngadharan MG; Popovic M; Gallo RC
This study was done to gain insight into the clinical spectrum and immunologic disturbances resulting from infection with the human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (HTLV-III/LAV) in children. Serum antibody to p41 antigen of HTLV-III and/or direct evidence of HTLV-III in lymphocytes
JAMA. 1986 May 2;255(17):2324-6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/86172233
Peterman TA; Lang GR; Mikos NJ; Solomon SL; Schable CA; Feorino PM; Britz JA; Allen JR
Twenty-five (4.8%) of 520 hemodialysis patients were seropositive for antibody to human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (HTLV-III/LAV) by enzyme immunoassay. Four had high reactivity on enzyme immunoassay and positive results of Western blot tests, and one of the four had a positive
A retrospective study was conducted to determine whether exposure to murine mammary tumor virus (MuMTV) induced MuMTV-specific serologic responses among intramural laboratory personnel. Results obtained with a panel of five purified structural proteins of the RIII mouse strain milk-derived MuMTV (gp55, gp34, p28, p18,
Shiigi SM; Wilson BJ; Malley A; Chandler RA; Howard CF Jr; Olson LC; Palotay JL; McNulty WP; Marx PA
The 83 members of the Celebes black macaque (Macaca nigra) colony were screened for viremia with simian acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (SAIDS) type 2 retrovirus and antibodies against the retrovirus. On the basis of this screening, the Celebes colony was divided into four groups: retrovirus-positive/seropositive (
Human T-lymphotropic type I (HTLV-I) proviral sequences were detected in leukemic cells of a patient living in Marseilles (south of France ) and suffering from Sezary syndrome. He did not have any travel history outside France and did not receive blood transfusion or hepatitis B vac
Med Clin North Am. 1986 May;70(3):499-535. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/86173566
Owen WF Jr
A history of sexual orientation, practices, and life styles, a complete review of organ systems, and a thorough physical examination are unique but essential elements of the examination of homosexual men. Laboratory screening should take into account the incubation period for infections, the risk for infection based o
Med Clin North Am. 1986 May;70(3):635-49. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/86173572
Castro KG; Hardy AM; Curran JW
The acquired immunodeficiency syndromE (AIDS) is a very serious illness caused by a human T-lymphotropic retrovirus: human T-lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (HTLV-III/LAV). It primarily affects young adults living in one of several major metropolitan areas. Most patients are homosexual men
Med Clin North Am. 1986 May;70(3):651-64. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/86173573
Gottlieb MS
The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is the most common and best characterized disorder of T cells leading to enhanced susceptibility to infection. Current hypotheses hold that infection with human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy virus (HTLV-III/LAV) is a necessary but not a sufficient cond
Med Clin North Am. 1986 May;70(3):665-75. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/86173574
Volberding PA
This review has briefly summarized the place of KS in the AIDS epidemic, offering a framework for more critical evaluation of difficult therapeutic decisions. It should be expected (and it is hoped) that with the current rapid pace of AIDS research, many of these issues will be resolved shortly, and that therapy will
Med Clin North Am. 1986 May;70(3):693-706. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/86173576
Abrams DI
Persistent generalized lymphadenopathy is a nonspecific physical finding common in AIDS and AIDS-related disorders. A subset of patients with a benign course and normal laboratory evaluation are at low risk for developing full-blown AIDS. Simple clinical and laboratory findings may predict progression from lymphadenop
Med Hypotheses. 1986 Mar;19(3):291-3. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/86174462
McCombie SC
Hypotheses regarding the factors that predispose individuals to developing AIDS after exposure to HTLV-III/LAV are beginning to emerge. It is suggested here that surgical removal of tonsils in childhood may increase the risk of developing opportunistic infections after infection with this newly discovered retrovirus.
Med Instrum. 1986 Jan-Feb;20(1):45-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/86174473
Brennan JE; Severns ML; Kline LM; Goodkofsky I; Dodd RY
A robotic handling system was adapted to perform the sampling and dilution steps needed in an assay to detect antibodies to the HTLV-III virus, the causative agent of AIDS. The system reduced the labor required to prepare the samples and provided standardization and accuracy in the preparation of the samples.
Studies of the genomic structure of human T-lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III) and related viruses, implicated as the causal agent of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), have identified a sixth open reading frame in addition to the five previously known within the genome (gag, pol, sor, env and 3 orf). Thi
Chakrabarti S; Robert-Guroff M; Wong-Staal F; Gallo RC; Moss B
The discovery that the aetiological agent of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a retrovirus, referred to as human T-lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III) or lymphadenopathy-associated virus (LAV) (for review see ref. 1), has raised the possibility of developing a vaccine. In this regard, the envelope (env
Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is an infectious disease characterized by severe impairment of the patient s cell-mediated immune system. Several lines of evidence have indicated that the aetiological agent of AIDS is a group of T-lymphotropic retroviruses, variously known as lymphadenopathy-associated viru
Fifty percent of primates with acquired immunodeficiency caused by a well-characterized type D retrovirus (SAIDS D) developed clinical, laboratory, and histologic features of polymyositis. By use of specific antisera and immunochemical techniques, we found the virus in the lymphoid cells surrounding muscle fibers and
Owing to the frequent occurrence in tropical countries of subacute spinal cord diseases of unknown origin, a nosological entity called tropical spastic paraparesis has been individualized. Twenty-two cases have been observed in Martiniq
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Apr;83(7):2209-13. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE GENBANK/M11840
Arya SK; Gallo RC
Human T-lymphotropic virus type III or lymphoadenopathy associated virus (HTLV-III/LAV) is the cause of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). In addition to the conventional retroviral genes involved in virus replication, namely, gag, pol, and env genes, DNA sequence analysis of HTLV-III genome predicted two add
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Apr;83(7):2271-5. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/86177586
Stoner GL; Ryschkewitsch CF; Walker DL; Webster HD
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a JC papovavirus infection of the central nervous system in immunocompromised patients. It is well established that demyelination in PML is caused by JC virus infection of oligodendroglia, but whether the nonstructural regulatory protein, large tumor (T) antigen, is
The human lymphocytotropic retroviruses, despite the fact that their immunopathology varies from acute immunodeficiency to leukemia, have several features in common: they are exogenous viruses isolated from mature T cells, especially T4+ T-cells; they preferentially infect mature T4+ T cells in vitro, although other k
Flepp M; Tauber MG; Luthy R; Frauchiger B; Barandun J; Schutze M; Joller H; Frey-Wettstein M; Vetter W; Siegenthaler W
Two patients developed signs of LAV/HTLV-III infection one and two years respectively after a blood transfusion. The leading symptom in one patient was generalized lymphadenopathy, while the other patient presented with Candida stomatitis. In both cases, blood transfusions administered in 1983 were found to be the onl
Science. 1986 May 9;232(4751):727-32. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/86179894
Waldmann TA
Antigen or mitogen-induced activation of resting T cells induces the synthesis of interleukin-2 ( IL-2 ) as well as the expression of specific cell surface receptors for this lymphokine. Failure of the production of either IL-2 or its receptor results in a failure of the
Science. 1986 May 9;232(4751):755-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE GENBANK/K03455
Jones KA; Kadonaga JT; Luciw PA; Tjian R
The nature and position of transcriptional control elements responsible for the expression of genes encoded by the retrovirus associated with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) have not been precisely defined. In this study it is shown that the mammalian Sp1 transcription factor binds to promoter sequences wit
Wien Klin Wochenschr. 1986 Mar 7;98(5):137-41. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/86181896
Schur W; Asamer H
The clinical, immunological and histological findings in a patient suffering the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia are discussed. At the time of diagnosis HTLV III antibodies were not demonstrable. Treatment with trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole achieved a remission lasting 7 months so
Rosecan LR; Stahl-Bayliss CM; Kalman CM; Laskin OL
Six patients (all male, five homosexual and one bisexual, 23 to 48 years old) with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) who had cytomegalovirus retinitis were treated with a new antiviral drug as a part of a prospective open-labeled trial for serious cytomegalovirus infec
Am J Pathol. 1986 Apr;123(1):9-15. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/86184079
Tenner-Racz K; Racz P; Bofill M; Schulz-Meyer A; Dietrich M; Kern P; Weber J; Pinching AJ; Veronese-Dimarzo F; Popovic M; et al
The presence of core antigens of retrovirus HTLV-III/LAV, referred to as AIDS-related virus (AV), has been sought in lymph node samples of patients with persistent generalized lymphadenopathy (PGL, 28 patients), prodromal AIDS (1 patient) and AIDS with Kaposi sarcoma (3 patients). In 30 patients the deposition of vira
Am J Public Health. 1986 May;76(5):564-5. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/86184310
Collier AC; Barnes RC; Handsfield HH
The prevalence of antibody to LAV/HTLV-III among homosexual men attending a community clinic and a sexually transmitted disease clinic in Seattle, Washington in early 1985 was 42 per cent and 32 per cent, respectively. Seropositivity was apparently not related to age or number of sexual partners. The high prevalence o
Ann Ophthalmol. 1986 Mar;18(3):105-6, 110-1. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/86185170
Chang M; van der Horst CM; Olney MS; Peiffer RL
The protean ocular manifestations of patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) have been well documented both clinically and histopathologically. Since 1978, many case reports have emphasized the opportunistic ocular infections in patients with AIDS. We report the clinicopathologic findings in a pati
Coleman DL; Luce JM; Wilber JC; Ferrer JJ; Stephens BG; Margaretten W; Wagar EA; Hadley WK; Pifer LL; Moss AR; et al
We performed autopsies and serologic tests in 189 subjects (152 men and 37 women) between 20 and 50 years of age with no history of immunosuppression who died unexpectedly and whose bodies were referred to the San Francisco coroner s office. Forty-eight of the 88 single men for whom addresses were available lived in a
A new antimetabolite approach to block the replication of the AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome)-associated virus is described. In this communication the effect of a synthetic D-penicillamine (Trolovol) and L-penicillamine on the replication of HTLV-III/LAV was studied. The replication of HTLV-III/LAV in H9 cel
Matsuoka M; Hattori T; Chosa T; Tsuda H; Kuwata S; Yoshida M; Uchiyama T; Takatsuki K
Cells from eight patients with adult T cell leukemia (ATL) and from four patients with non-ATL were examined to see if the T3 antigen of these cells could be modulated in vitro. We found a low density of T3 antigen and the presence of Tac antigen on cells from all patients with ATL. The density of T3 antigen on non-AT
Chen PM; Chiu CF; Chiou TJ; Tzeng CH; Lin ST; Wang LS; Lee Y; Chien KY; Chang SS; Maeda S; et al
In the present study an immunofluorescence using KH-2 cells as target cells, has been developed for the screening of 1200 serum samples from normal individuals and 450 of cases from patients with various malignancies. The positive anti-HTLV-I antibody rate in the former group is 0.083% (1/1200) and while in the latter
Lancet. 1986 Mar 29;1(8483):706-10. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/86173628
Prince AM; Horowitz B; Brotman B
Blood product sterilisation with 0.3% tri(n-butyl)phosphate (TNBP)/0.2% sodium cholate (CA), a combination known to permit high recovery of factor VIII and factor IX, was evaluated for its effect on hepatitis B (HBV), non-A, non-B (NANB), and human T-lymphotropic type III (HTLV-III) viruses. 2 chimpanzees received fac
Alavaikko M; Rinne A; Jarvinen M; Hopsu-Havu VK; Aine R; Levine AM; Meyer PR; Lukes RJ
It has been shown previously that dendritic reticulum cells (DRC) in human secondary lymphoid follicles possess an immunoreactive acid cysteine-proteinase inhibitor (ACPI). In the present study, lymph nodes from 12 patients with AIDS-related persistent generalized lymphadenopathy (PGL) were investigated in order to de
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