Important note: Information in this article was accurate in 1985. The state of the art may have changed since the publication date.
SIMIAN ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME
Adv Viral Oncol; 5:57-81 1985. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/85611483 Gardner MB; Marx PA; Dept. of Pathology, Sch. of Medicine, Univ. of California, Davis,; CA 95616
Abstract:
The main features of simian acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (SAIDS) are reviewed under the following headings: clinical features, immunologic features, pathology, epidemiology, and virology (initial transmission studies, isolation of type D retroviruses, characterization of virus isolates). The monkey model is compared to its human counter part, and the potential usefulness of this primate retrovirus model system is highlighted. The clinical pathologic features of SAIDS are well recognized and correlate closely with immunologic and histopathologic abnormalities. Generalized lymphadenopathy is an essential feature of the disease. Another major feature is a striking neutropenia, often early in the course of the disease, that is followed by lymphopenia and anemia. The major immunologic finding in SAIDS is the progressive decline in the number and function of both T and B lymphocytes. Usually there are absolute decreases in both helper (T4) and suppressor (T8) T cells, and, in contrast to human acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), no reversal of their ratio. The most diagnostic histologic feature of advanced SAIDS is profound lymphoid depletion of both T- and B-cell zones of all lymphoid tissues. Erythrophagocytosis by the sinusoidal histiocytes is often a prominent feature. At this stage the lymph nodes resemble those of terminal human AIDS, and the disease process is irreversible. Spontaneous SAIDS has been described so far only in the genus Macaca, and it has already been observed in at least seven species of macaque at four primate centers in the United States. The disease is undoubtedly even more widespread, but it has not yet been thoroughly investigated in other primate holding facilities, in zoos, or in feral monkeys. The major similarities and differences between SAIDS and AIDS are summarized. The most significant implication of SAIDS is that it further strengthens the already strong evidence for a retrovirus etiology of human AIDS. (72 Refs)
Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/EPIDEMIOLOGY/ETIOLOGY/ IMMUNOLOGY/PATHOLOGY/*VETERINARY Animal Antigens, Viral/ANALYSIS Disease Outbreaks/EPIDEMIOLOGY DNA, Viral/ANALYSIS Haplorhini Monkey Diseases/EPIDEMIOLOGY/*ETIOLOGY/IMMUNOLOGY/PATHOLOGY Retroviridae/GENETICS/IMMUNOLOGY/ISOLATION & PURIF *Tumor Virus Infections JOURNAL ARTICLE REVIEW
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Important note: Information in this article was accurate in 1985. The state of the art may have changed since the publication date.
